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INDEX

Memory Stimulators.
1990 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Total Recall; Air America; Blue Steel; Robocop II; Rocky V; The Rookie; Dances With Wolves; Die Hard 2; Ghost; Narrow Margin; The China Lake Murders; The Hunt for Red October; The Jetsons; The Exorcist 3; Loose Cannons; Delta Force II; Predator 2; Gremlins II: The New Batch; Look Who's Talking Too; Almost an Angel; Ghost; Flashback; Mermaids; Stanley and Iris; Wild Orchid; Jacob's Ladder; Journey of Hope; The Punisher; The Station; The Jetsons

General News:

Consumer Price Index (USA):

 Example of American Cost of Living 
One-Family Home:               $122,000
Annual College Costs - Harvard  $20,655
Intermediate sized car:         $17,000
Monthly Electric bill:               60.00
Haircut:                             14.00
Gasoline per gallon:                 $1.10
Daily newspaper:                     $0.50
First Class Postage:                 $0.25
Production Worker: Gross Earnings: $24,433
after tax earnings as a Percent of Gross: 83

1945 - During the year,
Many inhabitants of Aramza, in the region of Susamyr, Kirgizskaya, U.S.S.R., reported strange sphere-like objects in the sky, and many more people claimed to have seen a strange "Bigfoot" or "Snowman"-type being.

1990
The F-117 Stealth fighter wing was moved from the Tenopah Test Range in central Nevada to the Holloman Air Force Base near Alamogordo, New Mexico, U.S.A. It was then, the only known wing in the world. Holloman employed 4,600 military personnel in 1993. Alamogordo is at an altitude of 4,300 feet, has 360 days of sunshine per year, has brief thunderstorms and an annual precipitation of 10 inches.

1990
Crop circles and pictograms reported and observed during this year reached higher numbers than previous years, going beyond 1,000.

1990 - On January 11, in the morning,
Over the city of Shanghai, China (the second largest city in the world, with a population of over 12 million, Zhao Gang reported:

"The bus driver suddenly noticed a peculiar luminous object right in front of the bus and about 300 metres above ground level. The object was about as high as a six-storey building. From its lower part a light flared which lit up a tree and a lawn by the side of the road. The area it lit up was tremendously intense - as bright as daytime (it was still dark, before sunrise).

This frightened the bus driver, and he stopped the bus.
The passengers crowded to the windows and stuck their heads out to see.
Suddenly, the object began approaching the bus. This reminded the driver of stories of flying saucers abducting people, and he was trembling with fear. But the object stopped in mid-air and after a few seconds began moving back faster and faster, then disappeared in the vastness of the night."

This sighting was reported in a broadcast on Shanghai Radio.

1990 - By early January,
The Reston Primate Quarantine Unit was returned to Hazelton Research Products for use as a monkey house.
Hazelton began purchasing more shipments from the Farm in the Philippines near Manila on Mindanao Island from which their October, 1989 shipmants had come.

By mid-January, some of the monkeys in Room C began dying with bloody nose symptoms suggestive of a return of the Ebola outbreak the previous fall. This virus was assumed to be the same as the previous one. Because that one had taken no human fatalities, the US Army, the CDC, and Hazelton - all decided to let the disease run its course within the confines of the building.

It was found that the Reston Ebola virus spread quickly from room to room and mutated quickly to something that looked like the common cold. Still, the monkeys did die with their lungs destroyed; with pneumonia; with locations of non-clotting blood; with red eyes; with stunned expressions on their face. When a single animal with a nosebleed showed up in a room, 80% of the other animals in the room could be expected to die.

By January 24, the virus had travelled into Room B, and monkeys there began to die.
It was determined that the virus was travelling through the air ducts in the building.
Eventually, all of the monkeys in the building would die. All four of the monkey handlers at the Unit would be found to have the virus in their blood and throughout their cells; yet, it did not kill them. It was never determined why.

It was theorized that a minor change in the 7 protein structure making up the standard form of Ebola had made it less harmful to human. It had become more species specific - capable of killing all of the monkeys but none of the humans. The true concern that arose was of the opposite tact: a minor mutation could also have made the disease species specific to humans and capable of transmission through the air. Such a virus would have the capability to effectively kill at least 90% of humans.

1990 - In the February 5 issue of "Forbes",
William P. Barrett wrote an article entitled "I Get a Kick Out of Seeing Something Being Made" about the rules Robert Cizik, of Cooper Industries follows. Cooper Industries has become a $5-billion industrial giant and Cizik expects a 17% or more return on equity within a few years. 2 million products are manufactured ranging from fuses to turbine compressors. Cizik's rules:

"1. Stay with what is known or what can be learned quickly.
 2. Listen to plant managers when considering acquisitions and implementing efficiencies.
 3. Emphasize the high-quality end of the market line.
 4. Take some risks.
 5. Diversify into business lines that have business cycles that offset one another.
 6. Maintain a "lean" executive staff."

1990 - On March 8,
Near Mars, PA, U.S.A., nine unusual markings were found in a grassy field.
The oval "burns" were approximately 2.4 m. in diameter, and were aligned in a row.
Around the edges of each circle was a ring of depressed grass about 18 cm in width.
A pink, glowing light was seen hovering in the area prior to the discovery of the ground markings.

1990 - On March 23,
E. Pavlov, an officer of the local garrison in the town of Kohtla-Iarve, Estonia, U.S.S.R., went out onto his balcony and was startled by the appearance of a silent, disc-shaped object in the sky, with bright yellow lights along its perimeter.

Together, they observed the object descending and hovering about 1.5 metres from the ground, near the electricity substation, at a distance of about 150 metres from them. Pavlov got his binoculars and determined that the object was about 15 metres in diameter and 3-7 metres in height. Apparently, some children then attempted to get close to the object and it flew away in the direction of Leningrad.

1990 - On March 24,
E. Pavlov, an officer of the local garrison in the town of Kohtla-Iarve, Estonia, U.S.S.R., saw the UFO he had seen last night or an identical one, a silent, disc-shaped object in the sky, with bright yellow lights along its perimeter.

This time, the object descending and landed near the electricity substation, at a distance of about 150 metres from him. Pavlov got his camera and was able to take several photographs.

1990 - On March 25,
A silent, disc-shaped UFO with bright yellow lights around its perimeter returned for a third time to an electrical substation in the town of Kohtla-Iarve in Estonia, U.S.S.R.. This time, it was observed by hundreds of people.

1990 - In the March 27 issue of "Fortune" Magazine,
The American Home-Ownership Trend is described as follows:

"Among aspiring first-time home buyers, young families in the 25-to-29 age group have been hardest hit. The proportion who own homes has tumbled from 44% a decade ago to just over 36% today."

1990 - On March 28, at 10.10 in the evening,
Mei Qi reported 4 UFOs over the region of Huangshi, Hubei Province.
At first, he noticed a line of bright lights moving overhead.
Looking more directly, he saw 4 points of light, evenly spaced, at a distance of about a thousand metres, forming a line and moving from east to west at a moderate speed. The 2 lights at the rear were both followed by what looked like comets' tails connected to them, and this gave them a long winding form. Every so often, dazzling lights flashed from within them. The 2 lights in front, however, were very sharply defined and had no tails.

After flying about one minute, these 4 lights disappeared.
No sound accompanied them, they were flying low, they did not fall, and they had no navigation lights.
They appeared to have been flying against the wind.

1990 - In the April 9th issue of "Fortune", Job Loss in the USA was interpreted as follows:

"Companies have been laboring to become 'lean and mean' for nearly a decade ... The Fortune 500 (largest) industrial companies sweated off 3.2 million jobs in the Eighties. Isn't that enough? Not by a long shot. Says Daniel Valentino, president of United Research, a management consulting firm that helps companies restructure: 'The Eighties were just the tip of the iceberg, and we're going to see dramatic reductions in the Nineties. Corporate America is still as much as 25% overstaffed."

1990 -
Dr. Jens Peter Norgaard, a Danish physician and researcher at Denmark's University of Aarhus, finds that the use of "DDAVP Nasal Spray", a prescription pharmaceutical containing an antidiuretic hormone produced normally by the pituitary gland, to be effective in the treatment of children with enuresis (bedwetting). Each dose of the spray costs about $2.00; a typical bedwetters family will pay the equivalent of $1,100 annually in extra costs for laundry, diapers, and, the replacement of bed linen.

Most children begin to produce the hormone by age 4 or 5 but some children's bodies mature later and they continue to wet the bed long after most other children have stopped. About 15% of children have been found to experience this delay in development. Boys have a higher incidence of the problem than girls. Those with the delayed development have lower nighttime levels of the hormone.

Bedwetting has long been considered a psychological problem or one of character; in 95% of cases, it is not.
Nature eventually will cure the problem regardless of the measures taken.
This fact plus the anxiety of the parent has resulted in many spurious and superstitious concepts arising in human societies throughout the past 2,000 years.

Particularly in the past 300 years, parents of such children, especially in families or cultures of European origin, have been frustrated by the sanitary problems arising from the condition, socially embarrassed - so as to keep it secretive within the family, and psychologically abusive to the child. Beginning after the Great Pandemic in Europe, many children grew up without access to the wisdom of their parents or other older relatives. When they parented their children, their assumption and only expectation was that their offspring should be small replications of themselves complete with the most often used abilities of adults.

Unfamiliar with a "normal" childhood growth cycle, many conveyed the pride in their assumptions into heightened intolerance, anger, and both physical punishment and scathing and emotionally hurtful comments which lowered the self-esteem of the child. In turn, generations - even populations of low self-esteem, authoritarian adults were encouraged. Destructive shame has only recently become defined and a constructive therapy provided (Bradshaw, 1988).

Children who have bedwetting problems in many "developed" societies are prone to developing feelings of social isolation, inferiority, guilt, negative shame. While these destructive attitudes and emotions usually begin with parents and close relatives (including brothers and sisters who are not similarly affected), they are also frequently promoted by peers - who are either repeating the authoritarian attitudes of their parents and teachers, or, who are bedwetters themselves who are trying to conceal their own shame.

The prevalent result of this toxic shame is an attraction of the person to addictions which seem to counter the feelings and have often enhanced the social acceptance of the individual. Alcohol encourages the shy person to be gregarious; work addiction counters accusations of being lazy; tobacco and coffee counter chronic anxiety and nervousness; power enables vengeance and manipulation to play out the suppressed anger of the ostracised child; money can be expressed through power as well as through the ability to afford the repititious use of low nutrition mood altering addictive substances.

While bedwetting has a number of herbal remedies which contain hormones - consult your herbalist - and which were known of and used widely before the Great Pandemic and the Catholic Inquisition, have largely been replaced by pharmaceuticals of low efficiency (sedatives and antidepressants) which alter the sleep pattern), electromechanical alarms (more recent and more effective), and electric shock (most recent, somewhat effective).

Bedwetters have a tendency to go almost immediately into a Stage 4, REM deep sleep rather than progressing through the other regualr stage s of sleep and only remaining in stage 4 for short periods of time. In REM, the human brain is totally focused on processing and reordering the anxieties and stimuli of the day and sorting out what it knows (from experience, mentoring, education, training, heredity) to be relevant and worthy of "indexing" for easier remembering, and, what is less important and can be simply stashed away.

These processes are mediated by specific brain peptides (hormones), the presence of which is determined by heredity, energy blocks, biofeedback, meditation, and self-directedness. Because of this phenomenon, many bedwetters dream that they have awakened and walked to the bathroom to urinate, only discovering that this was a dream, upon waking to a wet bed. Indeed, if an enuretic is taken out of bed, made to walk to the bathroom and urinate, and return, possibly talking as they go, the individual will usually not remember the incident the next day. For many children, the repeated trauma of the experience, when negatively received by others, results in the dream not being remembered.

This arises from the fact that the child is placed into total confusion between the reality of the dream of having gone to the washroom, as expected, and having wet the bed, as not intended. Ultimately, he must believe the wetness. The trauma-induced alternative is to disbelieve all dreams, not remember most dreams, and hold an emotional distrust of one's own judgement. This perception and attitude is sometimes responded to with the development of a security-oriented character (behaviour pattern). In an adult, this drive for security will push the individual to behaviours of action and passivity according to what concepts have been mentored regarding "security".

That childhood enuresis may become such a directing influence on adults can be better empathized with if the reader looks at the "experience" of the child who is being parented by a mother and/or father who are unaware, intolerant, and uncompassionate. For years, this child may wake up in terror and disgust every night - unable to conceal the terrible deed and feeling guilty (consciously responsible) for it. The only comparable emotionally destructive repetitive experiences (learned) are the possession of an outward physical deformity, the arrival of a natural, though misunderstood, repetitive biological cycle, or, of an inward mental abnormality.

Frequently, the individual comes to believe through experience (or is taught), sometimes with similar consequences, that they are ugly, weird, stupid, or insane. Nocturnal emmisions (males) and menstruation (females) therefore also encourage this reactive "character" development when parents and cultures do not have constructive perceptions and coping skills. Much of the North American and many of the European families have such "talented" individuals. The bedwetting syndrome appears at this point to be hereditary; it will eventually be shown to be otherwise.

Regardless of which modality of experience pushes the individual into trauma-based energy block originating addictive behaviours, the resulting adult will be most comfortable in career positions which have been promoted socially as providing the desired environment of security. Flexibility in this direction is seldom guided by awareness (because of the energy block control over emotions and choices) and the individual will often develop a career pattern of consistency (success, failure, anonymity, dramatic, change). That is, such a person can appear in any social strata, any gender, any nationality, any occupation.

The defining difference between the self-directed, spiritually free individual and the energy (spiritually) blocked individual is that in eras requiring constructive AND dramatic changes - the later cannot make the change. Emotional reinforcement to remain in their bureaucratic position (security by tenure), their entrepeneurial risk (security by profit), or, their constant change (security be eventually making the "right" guess, choice, or gamble) is more primary than a constructive response to REALITY. Whenever a question of population survival is presented to modern humans, it is the energy blocked pattern compulsive individuals who pave the killing fields first.

Remedies out of this predicament are covered in the Appendix: NERGY.BLK

1990 -
Helmut Tributsch, a West Berlin physical chemist, describes animal responses in his "When the Snakes Awake: Animals and Earthquake Prediction", M.I.T. Press. In a Peruvian town just prior to a major quake, chickens could not be persuaded to go into their coops. Mother cats carried their litters from houses to gardens. Cows bellowed in unison. Other similar dramatic responses have often been noticed prior to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and unusual shifts in magnetic fields, or the introduction of or change of an electromagnetic field within a local region. In almost every instance, humans discount the relevance of the responses, and continue with their activities until the disaster occurs.

Jim Berkland, a Santa Clara County, California geologist, notes that he has predicted earthquakes for about 10 years based on animal behaviour and ocean tides. Standard theories state that earthquakes occur when thermal changes and subterranean disturbances cause Earth geological plates to scrape and buckle against each other. Berkland adds to the equation that:

"At the new and full moon, when the Sun, Moon and Earth are aligned, they get into a tug of war and the lunar pull distorts the Earth like a rubber ball."

That geological stress is also believed to result in changes in magnetic fields which animals may be able to detect. Berkland even goes further and states that:

"When the tides are abnormally high and then abnormally low, and lost-and-found ads indicate more animals than usual are running away, something is coming within a week."

Berkland has used the above form of pattern recognition to successfully predict more recent earthquakes. Other researchers, particularly those working for institutions, have been quick to respond with criticism - often without a full awareness or acknowledgement of what has been presented. Thus, Bill Bakun, seismology chief at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, countered that "High tides and earthquakes don't always coincide." This conclusion was never suggested by Berkland or others.

Tributsch further suggested that:

"Venting ground gases could excite animals, or, perhaps, changes in the groundwater table ...(or) changes in atmospheric pressure, slight swaying of the ground - even ultrasound emitted from rock that is nearly bursting."

While ignorance results is a plethora of rationalizations, the known facts are that many animals have more sensitive detection and awareness of ultrasound and ground vibrations arising from destabilization movements. Humans are individually incapable of the former yet could self-discipline themselves to be more aware of the latter.

Animals are frequently aware of the presence of the geomagnetic-ionizing rays which indicate the presence of underground aquafers and humans are occasionally gifted with the ability to detect this energy also. In addition, other humans can learn the awareness skill; some call it dowsing. No scientific instrument has yet been constructed to efficiently detect this form of energy. Highly adept dowsers are frequently more than 80% accurate in their location choices whereas well-drillers utilizing other forms of technology, experience, and regional statistics are often only 35% correct in their site selections.

Changes in the strength and positioning of geomagnetic-ionizing rays always accompany both geological fault movements and volcanic eruptions. Some individuals, usually as a result of trauma-induced hypersensitivity to changes in the pattern of these rays, experience negative stress symptoms within hours or days before a nearby event: nausea, headache, depression, intense bone and muscle aches. Like animal indicators, these individuals are also largely ignored before the disaster involved. Needlessly, lives are endangered and lost.

1990 - On April 24,
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is carried into space and launched into orbit by the "Discovery" Shuttle on its 10th mission (STS-31). The 10,878-kg, bus-sized unit had been delayed from 1986, largely because of the "Challenger" accident. It was now 7 years late and $1 billion overbudget.

The HST's 15-year mission required the shuttle to attain the highest altitude (619 km) of any USA-manned mission since Apollo 17 had returned from the Moon. While flying over Florida, the HST was lifted out of the cargo bay, deployed and launched. After more than 7 hours, the Hubble switched to its own power from the 48,760 2 x 4 cm silicon solar cells. It was released on April 25 over the east Pacific.

It was planned that orbital verification would take 3 months, followed by 5 months' Science Verification in which the instruments would be checked out and calibrated. It was to be the greatest scientific advance since its beginning in 1973. At that time, $300 million was authorized for the project, to be spent over 10 years. Now, delivered into orbit, it had cost $2.1 billion.

There were problems.
In order to restrain costs, the heart of the telescope, the mirror, had not been tested. Now it was found that the mirror had been incorrectly polished to the wrong optics and the first, and any long-distance photos, were blurred. What would have cost $1.7 million to test and repair before launching, would now cost $624 million and require the efforts of 4 astronauts working 4 days from a space shuttle to replace parts as big as a streetcorner telephone booth. It would not be fixed until December, 1993.

1990 - On May 01,
Near Runcorn, Cheshire, UK, A man (Tony) was startled by a low flying object, circular in shape with a dome on top, which flew past in front of him at tremendous speed, with a bobbing movement. It appeared to be very low and silent. It was creamy white in colour and illuminated.

1990 - On May 5,
Near Widnes, Cheshire, UK, Mr. J was awakened by a sort of vibrating, rushing noise which seemed to sweep along the road and past his window. It took 3 minutes to pass and caused a window upstairs and downstairs to shake violently. It returned twice more and on the third pass, Mr. J. went to the window and saw a huge white ball of light just above the road which hovered for several seconds. As he opened the curtains, it shot upwards and disappeared. No one else heard the object.

1990 - On the night of May 18/19,
At Kairma, near Frunze, Kirgizskaya, U.S.S.R., a mother and her son saw beings with glowing suits and 3 claw-like fingers on each hand. Later in the night, a strong droning sound was heard, the local power supply was affected, and at 00.30 (may 19) a huge red disk-shaped object flew over Kairma, with bright beams of light shining down. At 13.21, a group of grey-coloured discs was seen flying over Frunze.

1990 - On May 17,
Near Finleyville, PA, U.S.A., two concentric rings surrounding a bare circle were found in a grassy field.
The rings were not evident 2 days prior to the discovery.
There were no tracks leading into or out of the area.
The outer ring was 16.5 m. in diameter, the middle ring was 12.1 m. in diameter, and the inner circle was 1.8 metres. The outer ring was 60 cm in width and the middle ring was 123 cm.

1990 - On May 18,
The first Cheesefoot Head (Hampshire, U.K.) crop circle of 1990 appeared in the Punchbowl there.
This was unlike other circles in having an internal concentric band of standing corn.
There soon followed other circles, such as two triple-ringers (with wide rings, each about 4 feet thick) one having the inner rings in the form of segmented arcs, which had never previously been seen. Geometric patterns started to appear nearby.

1990 - On May 18,
In the village of Kairma, near Frunze, Kirgizskaya, U.S.S.R. at 21.40, Dima, a 10-year-old boy ran outside his home and then quickly returned with a look of horror on his face.

"Mother, extraterrestrials are here!", he said.
The mother took his hand and taking him outside, she also saw the beings.
She described them as wearing helmets and of a height of 1.1 metres.
They wore suits with stripes on their sleeves and trouser legs.
The boy noticed that their hands had 3 fingers, as sharp as claws, and that their suits were glowing.
He also reported that when they noticed him, they pulled out a box-like device from behind them and some things like aerials appeared on their heads. Their footsteps were very light, almost as if they were sliding.

Beside the house there is a ditch with water.
When a car appeared from the distance, all the beings jumped into the ditch and remained under the water until the car had passed by. Dima's mother said that the air all around them was vibrating. They were both frightened and ran to a neighbour's house, but when they came out into the street there was no sign of the beings. The mother and her son observed the beings for about 10 minutes.

Later, when researchers arrived, they found the grass where the beings had stood had turned yellow, and by standing in those spots themselves, their legs went numb.

At 23.30, a strong droning sound was heard over Kairma, and voltage in the electrical transmission system began to fluctuate markedly. Showers of sparks could be seen falling from the substation. Later, the electricity supply was cut off altogether. A local electrical engineer as well as an engineer from Frunze were unable to find any signs of damage.

At about 00.30, on May 19, a huge red disc-shaped object flew over Kairma, with bright white beams of light coming down from it.

By morning, the voltage had returned to normal.
At 13.21, a whole group of UFOs, resembling grey-coloured discs, were seen flying very fast from south to east, over the central part of Frunze. Many eyewitnesses reported this sighting.

1990 - In May,
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that if carbon dioxide emissions are not cut by 60% immediately, the changes in the next 60 years will be so rapid that nature will be unable to adapt and man incapable of controlling them.

1990 - On May 19,
Near Warrior, Alabama, U.S.A., a woman driving to work was confronted by an object with 6 huge lights approaching her at treetop level. She stopped, it hesitated, then passed over her truck, during which time she felt a vibration. The craft was described as being the size of a house with a trapezoidal front section with a broad, outwardly-angled fuselage and blunt rear. Along the fuselage was a strip composed of red, green and blue lights. The duration of the sighting was 6 to 8 minutes.

1990 - On May 21,
Nine strange dots of light were reported in the sky over Kairma, U.S.S.R., flying at great speed.
They seemed to be flying in some sort of order - in threes - and not far from them could be seen a large red disc-shaped "cloud".

1990 - On May 23,
The first of the pictogram series of crop circles was found between Chilcomb and Cheesefoot Head, U.K.
The basic component of these formations is a "dung-bell" consisting of 2 circles joined by a straight avenue of flattened crop. This one had 2 narrow parallel rectangles on either side of its avenue: these were often repeated, in pairs or singly, in subsequent pictograms.

Roughly every week or so, a further pictogram would appear near Cheesefoot Head with Pictogram #7 on July 6.
Many of these incorporated a tractor tramline as the dumb-bell's shaft, making it into part of the design.
A frequent tendency of many of the crop circles was that of their alignment with the tramlines, suggesting that the agency which forms the pictograms is "aware" of the tramlines, and makes use of them, rather than their always being formed on the random descent of an object from the sky.

1990 - On May 24 at 23.00
In North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., a woman was walking her dog when she saw a dark, delta-shaped object, somewhat larger than a commercial prop-driven aircraft, with 9 large white lights extending around the 2 leading edges. The rear edge had a boomerang curvature. The vehicle hovered 300 feet above the ground near power lines, then quickly left and was lost from view. The witness sensed a vibration during the 30 second sighting.

1990 - On May 28 at 02.30,
John Bentley, was standing outside in Kirwan, Queensland, Australia, looking for Austin's Comet, when he saw a fast-moving object travelling from north to south with no noise. It appeared to be delta-shaped with white lights around the perimeter.

1990 - On May 29,
At Kairma, near Frunze, Kirgizskaya, U.S.S.R., three women at a garage office on a collective farm reported seeing a strange being with glowing eyes, no nose and a slit for a mouth. It began about 08.50 in the morning when there are usually many drivers in the area; today there were none. The three women were T.M. Knaup, Ludmila Sadovskaia, and a trained nurse, A.L. Sitnik.

Strange horn-like sounds were heard, becoming stronger, followed by the sensation of a "presence".
Ludmila raised her head and through the office window she saw a being with a glow where the eyes should be.
She also noticed the absence of nose and a slit for the mouth.
The face was greenish-grey in colour.

Ludmila told Knaup to lock the door, and at that moment the sound of footsteps could be heard moving away. All attempts to ask for assistance by radio were in vain. The three women then ran out of the office, shouting for assistance. No one saw the creature who visited the building, but many drivers later reported seeing strange footprints, as if from dust or powder. These later disappeared. The marks were 30 mm. in length, with 3 "stripes". The needle of a compass deviated up to 90 degrees where the being had been standing, and investigators noted a feeling in the ears similar to that experienced during change of altitude in a plane.

From another direction, 2 boys had been guiding cattle when they saw a "flying saucer" appear above the garage and land after a few maneuvers. One boy, 8-year-old Mashmich Artem, approached the garage and hid behind a wheel. He observed as a hatch opened and a ladder was pulled out of the craft, followed by seven "pilots". One was 3 metres tall, the rest a metre and a half tall, who divided into 2 groups. The other boy had run away in fear.

The beings were wearing bright golden-coloured, close fitting overalls with emblems like human figures with wings. On the feet could be seen something like studs. The boy noticed 2 aerials on the head of the tall being, from which were spreading "concentric circles". The group then divided in two, and the first group gathered samples of black oil from the ground. Strangely, this viscous liquid "gathered" into a sphere, then appeared in the beings' hands. The second group headed for the offices with one being approaching the office directly.

Later, the boy saw the women running from the office.
After 15 minutes, the beings returned to their craft, took off, then landed not far from the repair shop.

1990 - On June 17 at 1.00 a.m.,
Aleksandr Pavlovich Dolotov, a 42-year old bus driver, left a relative's flat not far from Leningrad's Baltiyski station, where his wife works. He was walking along Lermontovski Prospekt, near the Hotel Sovetskaia when he thought it strange that the street was empty of people. Going around an obstacle in the street, he came upon 4 beings approaching him in pairs, 2 metres tall with well proportioned figures, wearing what looked like black diving suits and black helmets, but with faces and hands exposed.

These "men" appeared to be walking very fast and when they were about 10 metres from him, he suddenly lost consciousness. When he recovered, he found himself in the Volodarski Hospital, and the time was 05.00. He was told that he had been found near house #66 on Izmailovski Prospekt. That was 600 metres from where he had encountered the strangers. He was formally inspected and he noticed before leaving the hospital that several small holes appeared to have been cut out of his trousers.

At Baltiyski station, Dolotov was met by his wife who inquired as to what had happened.
At first, he thought he had been in a fight with some soldiers but when she examined him they did not find the marks of a street fight nor signs on his body of a violent struggle. Two oval, clean, bloodless wounds were already healing below the knee. They did not coincide with the holes in the trousers?

After some questioning, he remembered being approached and recalled the men in black helmets bending over him and saying "Remember, you were beaten by soldiers." He also recalls being told that it would be harmful for him to speak about the incident. A phone call had been made to the medical station by a soldier, who explained that a man was lying on the street near #66. When the ambulance arrived, 3 soldiers were holding him upright and his eyes were open. His only response to all questions at that point was "Never".

1990 - In June,
56 nations agreed to a total ban on CFC use by the year 2000.
They were the same nations which had met and signed the 1987 protocol in Montreal, Canada, and agreed at that time to a 50% reduction by the year 2000. Further environmental studies had shown that the ozone layer was depleting still faster than previously believed. The USA, Japan and the Soviet Union declined to accept such responsibility and 14 countries issued a separate declaration stating an intended phaseout by 1997 of halons and CFCs.

F. Sherwood Rowland admitted that even if a ban had been placed into effect globally immediately, "we would expect things to get worse until the end of the century and then gradually recover over two centuries." Every year of continued global CFC use increases the projected recovery time for the ozone layer by 3-1/2 years. Most CFCs remain in the atmosphere for 75 to 100 years. For that reason, nearly all the CFCs ever released - roughly 800,000 kilograms (1,763,668 pounds) to 1 million tons were added EACH year during the early to mid-1980s - are still in the atmosphere.

1990 - In June,
Australian scientists announced that yet another ozone hole had been discovered over MacQuarrie Island in Australia.
The damage was spreading. Even outside the "holes", the layer had been thinning.
A report released in London, England showed a 10% reduction in ozone since 1967 over the middle latitudes of Europe and North America. The observations were made over Switzerland, Germany, and Canada.

A UN Environmental Program draft report estimated that just a 1% decrease in ozone would lead to a 3% increase in the rate of skin cancer worldwide and would result in 100,000 additional cases of blindness caused by cataracts. The same report estimated that such a depletion would increase outbreaks of infectious disease, because normal immune system responses would become distracted by the increasing ultraviolet "B" radiation. That would mean more widespread and frequent outbreaks of measles, herpes, tuberculosis, and leprosy could be expected. Compounding the problem would be the loss of effectiveness of vaccines injected into the skin after it had been exposed to increased levels of ultraviolet "B".

A further indication suggested by the UN report was that increased UV light caused by the thinning of the Earth's ozone layer would lead to decreased food production on both land and at sea. On land, many plant species would not grow, flower, or germinate in increased UV light. In water, phytoplankton, microscopic plants that live in lakes and oceans and are essential to the food chain, would also be influenced. Surface kills, or blooms, could be expected to increase. Phytoplankton are also responsible for absorbing as much as 1/2 the carbon dioxide produced globally each year. As it increases, global warming would escalate.

1990 - During the year,
Humans released between 5 and 6 billion TONS of carbon annually.
Another 2 to 3 billion TONS were released from deforestation.
George Woodwell, of the Woods Hole Research Centre on Cape Cod in the USA, stated that according to his calculations "within 10 years we'd have to reduce fossil-fuel use by 75 or 80% to get to the point where we are no longer building up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from that source. ... it cannot be started soon enough. It's a bit late for discussion and time for action."

1990 - In June,
Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze criticized U.S.S.R. officials for fuelling a chemical arms buildup "to win an honour banner of socialist competition". The U.S.A. has an estimated 30,000 tonnes and the Soviets 50,000 tonnes of the weapons. Shevardnadze cited the chemical arms buildup as an example of overall bad policy: buy everything and as much as possible, only to discover later a mound of excess.

1990 - On June 21,
In Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A., a woman noticed an unusual low cloud in the near distance through a window of a business establishment at 14.15. She called it to the attention of 4 companions and momentarily, a large silvery disc emerged from the cloud and hovered. The bottom of the object was described as a rimmed crescent lined with apparent portholes, overlying which was a "straw hat-like" crown. The surface reflected the sun's glare. After 3 minutes, the observer's attention was distracted and when they looked back it was gone.

1990 - On June 22,
While driving home from work, Debbie Meldrum, near Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada, encountered a large, bright orange, saucer-shaped object. The bottom of the craft was lighter in colour than the rest, with small holes that she believes could have been windows. She tried to take photos, but the light coming from the object set the light meter in her camera off the scale so she gave up. "It was so bright, it blinded me when I looked through the camera" she said.

Her right arm and then her left started to get numb.
Soon her face began to numb and she decided to leave. It started to move then also.
It followed the river which runs parallel to the road, keeping pace with her for awhile.
She eventually lost sight of it.

1990 - On Friday, June 22,
Jose Antonio Valdes, his wife Matilde and a military friend witnessed a sighting at 6.30 p.m..
While the 2 men were repairing the Valdes' wooden house in the Los Pinero sector in Guavate, Cayey, in the eastern part of Puerto Rico, they saw a large, strange "ball of light" fly over the house at great speed. It was described as "a round ball of bright yellow light with a very bright red light in its centre". As soon as it had passed over them, "four military jets appeared as if trailing or chasing it at high speed".

The jets were described as of a "bluish-grey metallic colour, with two "booster" engines, and all of them had their wings positioned backwards and flew very fast". This description fits with that of U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcat jets. The jets continued to fly over the area as if looking for something. The apparent size of the UFO was estimated at three times the size of the jets they all saw, that is, about 180 feet in diameter.

After a further 5 or 6 minutes, the observers saw a big jet with a round flattened thing on top fly over, in the same direction as the previous aircraft. It was later identified as an AWACS (Airborne Early Warning and Control System) plane. All came from the direction of the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station.

The military officer friend stated that
"On many occasions you can see these objects flying around,
and then suddenly they descend into certain mountain areas and disappear there".
The UFO was soundless and very bright.

1990 - On June 27,
Ten ground circles were found on a subdivision lot by a man who was picking raspberries.
The circles were ignored until early October when reports of other circles in the region were publicized.
The circles ranged in diameter from 1.7 m. to 3.3 m. and were in a field of metre-high grass and shrubs.
All had an even, counter-clockwise spiral pattern.

1990 - During the summer,
The White House aggressively lobbied against the USA Congress imposing sanctions against Iraq for Saddam Hussein's well-documented record of civil rights abuses. Many congressional leaders, senior people without influence, were dismayed at the Bush administration support for Saddam.

Secretary of State James Baker defended Hussein on Capitol Hill.
Senior Republican senators, including Bush supporters Alan Simpson from Wyoming and Senate Minority leader Robert Dole from Kansas, flew to Baghdad, Iraq, earlier in the year to offer support to Hussein. According to an Iraqi transcript, Dole told Saddam that an official responsible for the critical stance of some Voice of America broadcasts had been fired [for voicing the truth].

1990 - On June 27,
Mr. B., of Wicklewood, Wymondham, Norfolk, U.K., was awakened at 00.18 by his 3-year-old son crying.
After settling the child, the parents heard a distinctive sound which suggested to them that a large object was moving through the air. A very bright light briefly illuminated the room through the curtains. The recall hearing similar sounds before without the light and the local police commented that their patrols had "witnessed similar phenomena on past occasions".

1990 - On June 28,
Jose Rodriguez, a resident in the Barrio Playita area of Yabucoa, to the east of Puerto Rico, near the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station saw a UFO which appeared to be playing with U.S. military jets, outdodging them at great speeds before flying off at great speed from them.

1990 - On July 5
At Pensacola Beach, Florida, U.S.A., Bob and Mary Oechsler photographed a sighting.
At 4.00 a.m., Bob awoke abruptly and looked out over the balcony of their eighth floor Holiday Inn room in time to catch a bright light on the horizon over the Gulf of Mexico. It did not seem to move and was very bright to the extent that he was able to see the line between the sea and the sky even at such a distance.

He got his video camera and after several minutes set up his 35 mm Pentax on a tripod and had almost completed a 36-exposure roll when a second object appeared on the horizon. That was about 30 minutes from the beginning of the sighting. The first object began to change into a slow rhythmic pulsing light and the two objects merged into one lighting up the whole horizon. Seconds later the composite object changed from a brilliant white to a brilliant green. At about 5.00 a.m. everything disappeared into darkness.

Over 250 reported sightings of UFOs, other than those reported by Ed Walters and family - the principal witnesses, were documented by the end of 1990. Over 500 witnesses have actually been named in those reports. The sightings never completely stopped but did seem to come in groups or cycles. Numerous video films exist. Over 100 photographs have been taken by numerous photographers, using all formats of film, including infra-red.

Evidence has been recorded confirming telepathic communication, biological material recovered from an abduction encounter which was determined to be from a silica-based organism unknown to science, unusual liquid apparently jettisoned from a UFO which apparently bubbled without giving off heat for several weeks.

1990 - On July 7,
Over the Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces, China, numerous witnesses sighted a cluster of up to 32 star-like objects, in a regularly changing pattern. Hi Jiyun, a teacher in Taiping High School, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province was hoeing in the field when he saw the phenomenon.

"Suddenly, someone shouted, 'The sun has two sparks!' As I looked up, indeed it was so. This was 6.50 p.m. I also noticed that to the upper right of the sun was a little black cloud with many stars around its edge. While the cloud sailed off to the east, some of us counted that there were a total of 16 'stars'."

"At the time, the sky was spotlessly clear except for a few tiny clouds on the eastern horizon. Even though the sun was blinding, the silver-white flashes of the 'stars' were dazzling, and they were also constantly shifting, but these transformations were restricted to a fairly small sector of the sky to the upper right of the sun. ... Especially around sunset, the sight of the stars flashing, blue sky in the background, pink clouds below reflecting them, was extraordinarily enchanting; the kind of sight one would only expect in a dream!"

"The number of 'stars' kept changing: every few minutes we counted now 16, now 18, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, and 32. The longest-lasting number was 32, and we weren't sure how (often) it popped up. By around 9.00 p.m., the number decreased. When they were disappearing rapidly, there were still 16 left."

Many other witnesses reported the same findings, noting the brilliance of the 'stars' even though night had not yet fallen.

1990 - On July 9,
Over the Shawan District, Sichuan Province, China, a UFO was seen by a number of witnesses to eventually divide into 2 identical saucers and perform a number of manoeuvres. Song Liang, Ai Xiandfu and Liang Yingxiong, went to the balcony of Yingxiong's 4th floor residence early in the morning to relax in the cool. Ai Xiandfu sighted a disc-shaped blob of light which had suddenly appeared to the upper left of them.

"When I first saw the flying saucer, its diameter was about 12 centimetres and it appeared to be a round blob of light, but not too distinct. As the blob of light gradually grew larger, to the point where its diameter was about 30 centimetres, its form became clear. It looked like two Chinese-style conical straw hats joined together, but not bulging out quite as much as the crown of a straw hat.

Next, the flying saucer, maintaining a diameter of 30 centimetres and spiralling counter-clockwise, flew downwards and forwards towards the place from where we were watching it. It was noiseless and unblinking, and judging by appearances its speed would not have seemed very high, but considering its initial and final positions, it was going at an astonishing speed. After the approximately 30 seconds in which that occurred, the flying saucer suddenly stopped moving and shot out a sweeping flash of light. The flash was about 10 centimetres wide.

A few seconds later, the flying saucer had ceased flashing its light, and continued approaching and descending in a counter-clockwise loop. This continued for about a minute. Suddenly, the saucer very quickly divided into two saucers about 60 centimetres apart. All the characteristics of the two saucers after division - size, shape and brightness - seemed exactly the same as the one saucer before the split in two. The splitting took place while the saucer was moving but not flashing.

The 2 saucers ... continued approaching and descending in the same manner as before, and also gradually approached each other and combined into one. The joining also took place while the saucers were moving. In the process, the saucer grew to about 75 centimetres and began descending at a more rapid pace than before. It was no longer spiralling counter-clockwise and was now moving along a diagonal path. However, as it approached our position, it became fuzzy, faded and then suddenly disappeared.

The excited observers kept watching the sky for a reappearance and after 2 minutes, "Yang Xuan was the first to see a blob of light suddenly appear to the south-east, but further south and a little closer to us than the first time. Its diameter was about 28 centimetres, and it had a tail with a clear comet-tail form. This saucer must have been a bit brighter than the first one, and its pattern of motion was similar to that of the first saucer after recombining, ... but it was not as fast.

After about 30 seconds of this, the saucer suddenly stopped moving and shot out a sweeping light, which was 60 centimetres wide. After the flash, the saucer suddenly disappeared. We didn't notice any fuzziness or fading before its disappearance."

1990 - On July 12,
A set of crop circles appeared in the wheatfield below Adam's Grave at Alton Barnes, U.K.
The 8th pictogram to form in 1990, this one consisted of 2 dumb-bell formations together in line, with several additional circles, the whole extending over about 130 yards. The major circles in the sets, either ringed or plain, were all swept clockwise, but these exhibited protruding features never previously seen. Variously referred to as "keys" and "claws", they resembled rudimentary hands with either two or three "fingers".

At the same time, a further similar giant pictogram was discovered near Milk Hill, close by.
This too had "keys" or "claws" protruding from the principal circles.
Both pictograms pointed directly away from the Alton Barnes White Horse, carved in chalk on the slopes of Milk Hill, and both lay approximately 3/4 of a mile from it. It is surely no coincidence that the White Horse, for which the circles have always shown a marked predilection, as at Westbury and Cherhill in particular, symbolizes the gateway between the physical world and the psychic, or metaphysical domain, or so has been suggested by George Wingfield, Director of Field Research for the Centre for Crop Circle Studies (CCCS).

A villager in Alton Barnes, half a mile away, had heard a strange humming noise from East Field on the night before the great pictogram was found there, and several of the village dogs had started barking. Other stories told of cars in the village which would not start that morning.

Two miles away from the Alton Barnes pictogram, another very similar formation had appeared the same night on farmer David Read's land. It was accompanied by a daytime sighting on July 26 recorded in a 4 minute video by visitors to the pictogram.

1990 - On July 13,
Near Kingston-upon-Hull, Humberside, UK, at around 23.00,
A woman and her son watched a UFO through binoculars.
The object was triangular in shape when viewed sideways, with a square rear end.
It emitted bright, constant lights. According to a police spokesman, the object hovered for about 30 minutes and then shot off vertically until it disappeared from view. Flames were observed coming from the rear.

1990 - On the evening of July 13,
A teenager living near New Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A., observed a UFO from her bedroom.
A brilliant light rose from and hovered over a wetland across the road and a few hundred feet away.
Soon, she realized this was the forward light of a tapered cylinder which rotated to reveal its length.

A series of square lights or windows were equally spaced across the midsection of its dark metallic grey surface. At one end appeared to be a horizontal cable, at the end of which was a red light. The object proceeded laterally until lost beyond a line of trees. The duration was less than a minute.

1990 - In July,
Near Williston, in the extreme western part of North Dakota, six "burned" ground circles were found.
Ranchers brought the markings to the attention of researchers in August 1990.
The circles ranged in size from 6 m. to 24 m. in diameter.
UFOs had been seen in the area during the time the circles were thought to have been formed.

1990 - On July 17,
Iraq threatens to use force against Arab oil producers who drive prices down by exceeding their OPEC quotas.

1990 - On July 18,
Iraq accuses Kuwait of stealing $2.8 billion worth of oil over the past decade from the disputed Rumalia oilfield along the common Iraq-Kuwait border. It also demands that Kuwait forgive a $12 billion in loans advanced to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war.

1990 - On the night of July 18-19 at 12.10 a.m.,
A military officer stationed at the U.S. Army Reserve Base at Fort Allen, in Juana Diaz, southern Puerto Rico, suddenly saw the base perimeter lit up by a powerful white light. At the same moment, a high-ranking officer gave the order over the base intercom for "everyone to stay indoors and not to come out of the barracks or any other base facilities under any circumstances". The light was very bright, and he was already looking at it when the order came.

"In the area towards the coast, just over the base and a little to the south, there was a brightly lit disc-like object. It was circular and metallic-looking, as if it was made of aluminum. It had what seemed like many windows on its centre edge, with yellowish-white lights revolving in them. At the underside of the object there was a round turbine-like protrusion with many coloured lights around it, and from underneath the object came a very bright beam of pinkish-white light, as if searching for something. That same light was the one illuminating the base perimeter".

After several minutes, in a trance, the officer "heard the sound of jet engines, and two jets flew at high speed over the base. To me, the jets were of the F-18 Hornet type, and were scrambled from somewhere to check on the UFO near the base. As soon as the jets headed in the direction of the UFO, the object departed at speed to the west with the sound of rushing wind, followed by the jets. Those planes must have been scrambled from the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, because to the best of my knowledge there are no F-18s in the Muniz National Guard Air Base in Isla Verde. They must have come from an aircraft carrier participating in the UNITAS manoeuvres at Roosevelt Roads and on Vieques Island, because normally there are no F-18s based in Puerto Rico".

The officer further stated "Something big is happening here with all this UFO activity.
Recently, all the military personnel in Fort Allen were shown several video films which informed us about the reality of UFOs. They showed us an old black-and-white film about a UFO crash that supposedly happened in New Mexico many years ago. We all saw the craft, which was semi-buried in the ground at a 45-degree angle, and there were several bodies of crew. According to what we were shown, these bodies were about 5 feet tall, thin, very pale, and had large bald heads. They had big round eyes and a small nose, but I don't recall any mouths or ears."

"They also showed us another video of UFOs filmed by them around the island.
They wanted us to know that UFOs are real, but they wouldn't elaborate when asked for more details.
You know, it seemed to me that they wanted us to know this was real and that the beings were not perfect: they were fallible, their crafts crash and they also die - they are not invulnerable. Apparently, they wanted to condition us to the idea that they exist, and to accept the possibility of someday having to liaise with them. The officers wouldn't say that these were alien crafts or anything like, just that they were real and that the Government is keeping a close eye on them. Finally, they told us that they are expecting something big: they wouldn't explain what, but it had to do with all this, and if that happened we would have to deal with the situation and with the people - the public".

This report was later confirmed by two other independent military sources.
Apparently, special military groups on the island have been receiving official briefings on the UFO situation since 1988, the year in which several jet fighters were abducted by a huge triangular-shaped UFO in Cabo Rojo and San Germain.

1990 - During the summer,
Darrell Roth, spotted circular patterns in a neighbour's wheat field near Christopher Lake, 50 km north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
One circle was between 60 and 70 feet in diameter and the wheat inside it was completely flattened. Around it was a four- to five-foot-wide band of wheat that was still standing and, beyond that, another two- to three-foot-wide circle in which the wheat had collapsed. Roth said that about 300 yards away, there was a smaller set of circles. No tracks led to the flattened grain and no explanation has been found. Between 1974 and now, thousands of these "circles" have been found with more than 1,000 being recorded in Britain. About 500 incidents have occurred in a 20-square mile corner of the southern county of Wiltshire, England.

1990 - On July 25,
April Glaspie, USA ambassador to Iraq, met with Saddam Hussein:

At the time Saddam was furious with Kuwait, and accused the ruling family of occupying Iraqi land, stealing Iraqi oil, and undercutting the oil price on the world market. Iraq was capital poor after its long war with Iran. Saddam took considerable effort to try to convey to Glaspie that he did not respect those who made agreements and then wanted out when the time came to deliver. He referred to his meeting with Idriss Barzani in 1974 and other instances to underline this principle, a principle he was hoping that Kuwait would hold to on July 31, or that he felt had already been broken a number of times.

Glaspie responded:

"I clearly understand your message.
We studied history at school. They taught us to say 'Freedom or Death'.
I think you know well that we as a people have our experience with the colonists. ... We have many Americans who would like to see the price (of oil) go above $25 because they come from oil-producing states. ... the U.S. has no opinion on Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait. I was in the American embassy in Kuwait during the late '60s. The instruction we had during this period was that we should express no opinion on this issue, and that the issue is not associated with America. James Baker has directed our official spokesmen to emphasize this instruction."

Glaspie would later state: "We never expected they would take all of Kuwait,"
indicating that an Iraqi invasion was expected and sanctioned.

1990 - For 3 weeks from July 25,
"Operation Blackbird" constituted a hi-tech crop circle watch at Bratton, U.K., sponsored by BBC-TV and Nippon TV, during which an attempt was made to capture the formation of a crop circle. Flashing orange lights in the sky above a field where a new formation of circles had appeared during the night was announced as a "major media event". Within hours the crop circles were shown to be an elaborate hoax.

Valid circles are perfect in their geometry, from the air, these were very good, but not perfect.
Also the originators had left a "Horoscope" board and wooden crosses at the centre of the circles seemingly deliberately giving away that they had been human-devised. This later called suspicion on the whole project as a set up against the organizers with possible "inside" informants or participants.

The hoaxers seemed to known that at half a mile's distance, they would be out of the range of the image intensifying equipment. They also seemed to have been aware of the procedures stipulated including that no one enter the circles until they had been surveyed from the air. This led to premature reporting of the "finds" before the objects at the centre of the circles were discovered. There were no shortage of hoax suspects: members of the KLF rock band appear to be most implicated, possibly to promote their new album Space .

The Army and the other military forces became involved, especially with helicopters, during this period, as the Government made an attempt to dispel public reaction to these events. The surveillance project was said to be using hi-tech equipment valued t 1 million pounds. This included several video-recording systems, infra-red cameras and image intensifiers, which should have revealed anything which moved in the dark out in those fields to the north of Bratton Castle (an ancient Iron Age hill fort). There, on the edge of an escarpment, was positioned the Blackbird observation post. All was not as it seemed or was promoted, however.

During much of the project, the availability of the equipment fell well short of 100% because there was no engineer continuously on site to maintain it, even though the Army owned the land on which the site was erected. The range of the infra-red equipment was very limited, providing images of dubious quality at over 600 yards.

The duty crew either failed to notice anything on their displays or were asleep during the time of the hoax or when authenticated circles were formed. The 2 corporals assigned for duty at the post where absent on the night of the hoax, though they were on duty on every other night of the project. The Army also carried out considerable additional night surveillance of its own, using night-sights and the like, which gave them clearer vision of the fields. This equipment was manned by soldiers with blackened faces hiding in camouflaged dens! Corporal Darren Cummings was reported to have told the press: "We are here to prove that they (the circles) are caused by people; the scientists are here to prove otherwise."

Some weeks later from a confidential senior military officer, news was obtained that the hoax had been carried out as part of an intelligence disinformation operation. The Army had been ordered from a high level in the Ministry of Defence to look after the problem of public concern over the crop circles. A specialty detachment was set up and the operation was carefully planned, practised in advance and then swiftly and precisely carried out in total darkness at short notice. At the time, circles hysteria had risen to a fever pitch following the publicity given to a number of crop circles found earlier in the year. The government didn't seem to have any answers or appear to be doing anything.

Somehow, attention had to be diverted or concern defused.
The hoax was a selected media manipulation such that events manipulated by the media for dramatic attention were intended to be re-manipulated back away from fear-based media hype so that government and scientific sources could quietly and professionally determine the real sources. With such secrecy and control, the question always arises, "Will the answers be shared with the public on whose behalf the efforts have been spent, if any are found, and regardless of what they suggest?

Operation Blackbird did eventually video-record the forming of a genuine set of crop circles - the "Question Mark" - produced without any human involvement. It was formed very rapidly, at the extreme limit of the infra-red camera's range so no detail could be discerned. But organizers and sponsors of Blackbird were so afraid of further potential loss of face or ridicule after the revelation of the hoax that no public announcement of it was made. In usual and unfortunate tradition, numerous papers continued the sensationalistic/trivializing reporting of crop circles throughout the summer with articles declaring that all circles were hoaxes, suggesting how to make your own crop circle, and giving space to those who confessed to having made crop circles for as long as 49 years.

On the same day as the Bratton hoax, a set of new circles appeared near Beckhampton, 15 miles away. These included "scrolls" - circles joined by a sinuous flattened path like a reversed "S" - and the first reported triangles. All were strongly dowsable, unlike manmade formations. The Army showed much interest in these, photographing them from a small unmanned helicopter known as a WISP.

1990 - On July 26,
While examining a large pictogram in daytime at Milk Hill, Pewsey Down, Wiltshire, U.K., a couple were astonished to see a small shiny object which they filmed with a video camera. This "crop circle" was two miles away from a similar set of Circles, both of which had been found on July 12.

This couple had walked over Milk Hill to look at the pictogram and were returning over a hill when they looked back for a final glance and saw a small white object low over the wheat. They recorded 4 minutes of videotape showing the object emitting a pulsating light. It appears to move purposely over the field, pausing occasionally, and at one time going down into the crop before emerging from a tramline gap. The object is seen to part the wheat as it moves into it. Finally, it flies up into the sky, passing over the head of a tractor driver. Leon, the driver was later found and shown the film following which he felt vindicated. He had confided the sighting of a tiny disc that had flown over him to people only to receive ridicule, and knowing looks from people who thought they knew better.

1990 - On July 27,
A large double dumb-bell pictogram, 150 yards long, was found one mile from Silbury Hill, U.K.
It was placed exactly half way between West and East Kennett Long Barrows, and, unlike the other pictograms, lay athwart the tractor tramlines.

1990 - On July 28,
While travelling home at 21.20, Amanda Green and her three children sighted a saucer-shaped object with a dome on top, hovering to the left of them at Thornsland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was white and flashing red, green, white and yellow lights. Mrs. Green had to pass quite close to the object in order to reach home, almost passing underneath it. When she reached home, she ran into the house to ask her husband to come and see it, only to discover that when they returned outside it was gone. The children complained of sore eyes, later.

1990 - On July 29,
Saddam Hussein, Iraqi leader, calls USA President George Bush to confirm that if Kuwait refuses to sign the Agreement on the 31st, as already agreed to, that the USA will not oppose an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Bush confirms that the "United States has no territorial concerns about Kuwait" and that "the USA understands your concerns to end this long-term problem (of Kuwaiti-Iraqi disagreement).

1990 - On July 30 at 22.30,
Jane Manning-Philips, in Boscombe Down, Wiltshire, UK, observed a large flying machine heading over her home.

"It made a terrible noise, like it was going to crash. ...
Then I saw this strange cylinder-shaped object which was flying vertically. ...
It had 2 very big red lights at the top and bottom and an orangy-yellow light either side of the middle.
I watched it fly over Porton school towards Highpost and then down to Boscombe Down, where it seemed to disappear."

Press Officer Simon Kuczera from the "Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment" at Boscombe Down later offered that the "UFO was merely a Boeing 747-400 flying low over the area. British Airways subsequently confirmed that these new aircraft had been flying in the area while training pilots - and on the night in question. "It was flying low at between 12,000 and 18,000 feet and its navigation lights would have been flashing" explained Public Affairs Officer Alan Solloway. Is that altitude "low" for the average observer and have you seen a Boeing 747 flying vertically?

1990 - On the night of July 30,
At Hopton, near Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK., 4 members of a family observed a red object "like a rear light" with a Saturn-like ring surrounding it, which appeared to be descending, and blinked out on reaching the ground. The following morning, a Cropfield Circle, surrounded by 10 equidistant smaller circles, was discovered by a farm manager, where the light had been seen to descend. The location was found to be on or very close to the "Mary current" line passing through Hopton.

1990 - By the end of July,
The USA Pentagon was completing AirLand Battle Plan 90-1002, a month-long was game exercise against Iraq.
Modifications were made as appropriate, a military communications network was being created and the CIA was tracking Iraqi troop movements by satellite. USA Secretary of State James Baker was warning his Soviet counterpart Eduard Shevardnadze that Iraq was going to invade Kuwait. CIA couriers had confirmed to Kuwait's emir that the plans were ready: if Iraq invaded Kuwait, the USA would crush the Iraqis.

1990 - On July 30,
A Kuwaitis-Iraqi Agreement was ready for signatures at a summit meeting to be held on the 31 to end the long-standing dispute between the two over territory and oil rights. Before the day ended, the emir and his family became self-assured and defensive. They indicated to others that they knew something that the Iraqi's did not which would be to their advantage.

When Jordan's leader Hussein met with Kuwaiti Foreign Minister Sheik Sabeh Ahmed Jaber Sabah, the emir's brother, began the discussion by making sarcastic remarks about the Iraqi soldiers near the Kuwaiti border. The Jordanians, seeking peace in the region, urged the sheik to take the Iraqis seriously at the mini-summit scheduled for the next day. Then Sheik Sabeh said:

"We are not going to respond to (Iraq).
If they don't like it, let them occupy our territory - we are going to bring in the Americans."

Across the top of the invitation from Saudi Arabia's King Fahd to the Jeddah summit, the emir wrote a note to his foreign minister declaring that the Iraqi threats were to be ignored on the advice of "our friends in Washington, London and Egypt. ... We are stronger than they think."

American President George Bush had personally assured them by phone hours before that if they were invaded the Americans would come to their rescue.

1990 - On July 31,
The Kuwaiti denial of negotiation with Iraq had been placed after much preparation for an agreement to sign.

1990 - By August,
Titanium Dioxide has been acknowledged as capable of killing bacteria, removing stains, and eliminating odours following its activation by ultraviolet radiation (light). Discovered more by observation and investigation than by experimentation, the de-oxidizing capabilities of the dioxide appear miraculous. Light shines on the white paint pigment, titanium dioxide.

An active form of oxygen is produced on the surface which combines with any carbon-based or other combustible material at room temperature. Effectively, the combustible material is burned without a flame. That is, it decomposes - by dividing the organic material into carbon dioxide and water. Limited to that of a surface reaction, on the Earth, thin mediums are attacked totally.

Smoke, perfume, fingerprints and surface stains - on products ranging from paper to enamels to ceramics - will be found to be 99.9% effective in tests carried out over the next few years. Bacteria - including penicillin-resistant staphylococcus - that causes secondary infections in humans, will be 99.9% erradicated by layers of titanium dioxide which are only about 1 micron in thickness. A period on this screen or on your paper copy of this document is about the size of 450 - 500 microns. Even fingerprints disappear from the surfaces in about 2 hours.

The photoelectric capacities of titanium dioxide were originally documented by Tokyo University chemist Akira Fujishima and his associates in 1969. This is the first time that such results have been extended to show biological implications as defined above. Titanium dioxide interacts with the ultraviolet radiation commonly available from the Sun and from fluorescent light bulbs. The resulting reaction enables the titanium ions to break down water in substances-in-contact, on the Earth, resulting in the rapid aging, that is - de-oxidation - of the substance.

How does this awareness influence the possibility of having humans walk on the Moon, have a lunar space centre, or further explore the Moon ? Indeed, what is the real reason behind why the lunar walks and landings were abruptly halted ? In a space environment, some chemical reactions are enhanced by the lack of interference by the medium of an atmosphere. On the Earth, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapour, dust, numerous "air pollution" chemicals, air pressure, and air turbulence - all contribute to the muting or enhancing of chemical meldings. In outer space, none of these influences interfere.

In addition, the presence of solar wind and other galactic energies remains unshielded unlike being located at the bottom of the Earth's atmosphere. Chemical interactions which occur at the Earth's surface may, therefore, be considerably advanced in terms of speed of activity and efficiency when they are carried out in space. Whether on the Earth or in space, protective suits and devices intended to protect humans from corrosive, radioactive, or other hazardous environments - cannot be purely moulded metallic units.

Provision for entry into and out of these suits or devices or craft must be made as well as the ability for movement of arms and legs or probes is required. Forms of organic seals are thus required. Pure or synthetic rubber gaskets and flexible apparati capable of ensuring a seal from the hazardous environment are critical to the survival of the human so involved while enabling some practical activity to be carried out.

The relatively minute samples of lunar soils and rocks returned to the Earth were analyzed and found to contain concentrations of titanium, in general, much higher than those found on the Earth. In a hot, air-free, reduced pressure environment with no protection from the solar wind radiations or full-strength ultraviolet-radiation the effective deoxidation activity of titanium would increase - to levels thousands of times above those demonstrated on the Earth.

Contact between a titanium "soil" and a target component would be dependent not only on proximity but also on movement. If, through movement, a chain of molecules could be dispersed between the titanium and the target substance a condition could arise similar to that of contact on the Earth. Like an atomic bomb exploding, once such molecular association was made in space - the transfer of reactiveness between the titanium and the organic material, suit, or device would become exaggerated. Not only would the contact be made at a distance inapplicable to those situations on Earth but the chemical degradation and ageing of the organic compound target would be exaggerated relative to that found to occur on the Earth.

The Hieronymus' efforts and devices had told the real story of the lunar explorations.
The combined deadly influence of the titanium surface presence on the Moon together with the solar wind provided a hazardous condition for astronauts at levels of 8 feet to 40 feet above the Moon's surface. This lethal combination could be extended down to the lunar surface through movement, unobstructed sunshine and high degrees of concentration of titanium in the surface of the Moon.

From durations of exposure from 2 hours upwards, rings seals in space suits, hatches and devices could have aged to a failure level. An expected level of deoxidation in the Apollo 11 region and circumstances would have been 8 hours, +/- 1 hour. Movement and use of the suits would further stress these critical locations and reduce the "safe" period of utility by as much as 50%. Fortunately, the astronauts left the lunar surface after 2.5 hours of exposure. Investigations of the hardware on return to the Earth provided few alternatives:

    a) risk the fatality of an astronaut and the loss of a module;
    b) restrain visits to the Moon surface to a duration of not more than 3 hours;
    c) cancel the lunar space program immediately;
    d) somehow improve and safeguard the technology;
    e) use robotic surface explorers;
    f) create a diversion or excuse for loss of, or redirection of funding;
    g) any combination of the above to enable a delayed shutdown.

The manned lunar flights and landings were decreased from their projected number following the Apollo 11 mission. The "Andromeda Strain" (1971) and "Capricorn One" (1978) provided media excuses for halting the public preoccupation with space discoveries. Real domestic difficulties raised by low social service program expenditures, high war involvement, and the anti-war movement - together with increasing population problems with addictions - gave justification to cutting space exploration budgets. The presumption was that taxes could be reduced, social service programs expanded and military expenditures reduced.

1990 - On August 2,
Iraq invaded Kuwait.
At the same time British Prime Minister Thatcher was meeting with President George Bush in Aspen, Colorado, a long way from Britain. She was being briefed on "what she had to know in order to confidently do her part" in the deceptions which would follow. The UN Security Council votes 14 to 0 to condemn the Iraqi occupation.

1990 - On August 2,
USA Presidential Executive Orders #12722 and #12723) were issued by President George Bush at the same time that he declared a state of National Emergency. The USA was not under the influence of a declaration of war by another nation, an environmental catastrophe, a civil rebellion, or an extraterrestrial invasion at the time. The declaration of national emergency authorized executive departments, if they so chose, to suspend all liberties of Americans and seize any and all property.

The new executive orders restricted trade and travel with Iraq and froze Iraqi and Kuwaiti assets being held in the USA. 15 other Executive Orders would quickly follow, enabling President Bush to totally organize the resources of the state for war. In addition, a 1991 Congressional freeze on military spending was broken before it came into effect. Further protections for the environment, also placed into effect by the legislature earlier, were scraped. Some of Bush's emergency powers would be activated in secret between now and February 1, 1991.

The costs directly associated with the authorities conferred by the declaration of national emergency for the period would be estimated at $1.3 billion - a substantial capital input to the American economy. These costs were spent on non-military salaries alone. Government salaries for one year (double the duration) of a state of emergency with Iran cost only $430,000.

1990 - On August 2,
King Faud of Saudi Arabia told Jordan's Hussein:

"It's all the Kuwaiti's fault."

1990 - On August 3,
Arab League Foreign Ministers, meeting in Cairo, condemned Iraq.
Jordon's Hussein believed that he had been deceived by Mubarak, who had promised him that there would be no public condemnations. Hussein told Mubarak: "It's your fault." Mubarak humbled by the accusation, complained that he had been under pressure from King Faud and the media people - rather than admit the true reasons. He added: "I'm so tired I can't think." King Hussein replied: "When you can think again, call me back."

Hussein later told the media:

"Why was an Arab solution to the conflict between Iraq and Kuwait - neighbouring Muslim countries with a long and, in recent years, at least, friendly history - impossible to achieve? ... The (Saudis) pressed the panic button (when they saw the CIA photos Cheney had brought showing troop movements near their border)."

1990 - At 23.30 on August 4,
At Knapton, near Walsham, Norfolk, UK., a farming family was alerted by the sound of all the dogs in the area barking, followed by a noise similar to that of a power-saw cutting through timber. The farmer's wife, having gone upstairs to the bedroom, saw a bright orange globe with a line of lights slowly rotating on the outer edge. She called her husband and son, and all three watched as the object appeared to descend into Witton Wood. The lights then disappeared, but suddenly the family saw a huge fork of lightning much higher.

On the following morning the farmer found that the batteries on his tractor had gone dead.
Also, typical Cropfield Circles were found in a barley field on the farm - for a second time that summer.

1990 - On August 4,
At Cheesefoot Head, U.K., a large crop circle pictogram appeared scarcely 40 yards from the second pictogram found during the year which had arrived 2 months earlier. Three times as long, it included a wide ring enclosing two long rectangular parallel "boxes" on either side of its main "avenue". This striking feature had appeared earlier in a less elaborate pictogram near Pepperbox Hill outside Salisbury. Three other plain circles disposed along the main axis, completed the design. There was "tremendous energy throughout this configuration", according to Lucy Pringle, a psychic, and this was independently confirmed by George de Trafford and Janet Trevisan, who perceived a "domed disc of energy" about 12 feet off the ground above the middle circle.

Many of the circles formed during this year were found to be on the "Mary current", a line of dowsable energy which runs right across England and is described in the book "The Sun and the Serpent" by Hamish Miller and Paul Broadhurst (Pendragon Press, 1989). Many of the circles were found in proximity to ancient burial mounds and at least 40 were reported in Norfolk, not previously known for the phenomenon. Large numbers were reported from the north of England, and some from Scotland. Many smaller circles are believed to have been destroyed by harvesting activities before they were even recorded.

1990 - On August 5,
USA Defense Secretary Richard Cheney left Andrews AFB for Saudi Arabia. With him were:

 General Norman Schwarzkopf, commander of the USA forces in the Persian Gulf; 
 Bob Gates, Bush's deputy national security adviser;
 Paul Wolfowitz, the defense department's undersecretary of policy;
 Pete Williams, the Pentagon's top spokesperson;
 Charles Freeman Jr ., the USA ambassador to Saudi Arabia; and
 a CIA expert,
     from the National Photographic Interpretation Center 
     with the latest satellite photographs.

Cheney had met earlier with President Bush and been instructed to get King Faud of Saudi Arabia to accept USA forces to defend Saudi Arabia against Iraq. Cheney expected the Saudis to wish to avoid any reliance on foreign intervention, and, to be inclined to indecision. Also the USA military operations plan 90-1002 worked out earlier called for not less than 250,000 soldiers to be deployed: limits on troop strength would be as negative as no request for assistance.

1990 - On August 6
It was reported that 4 strange ground circles of darkened or "burned" grass had been found over a period of 2 weeks near Huron, South Dakota, U.S.A.. They ranged in diameter from 3.6 m. to 6.7 m.

1990 - On August 6,
The United Nations Security Council votes 13 to 0 to impose a stringent trade embargo against Iraq.

1990 - On the evening of August 6,
The American delegation met with the Saudis.
Of those present for the Saudis, there were:

    King Fahd 
    Abdullah ibn Abdulaziz, Saudi Crown Prince
    Prince Bandar bun Sultan, Saudi ambassador to the USA
    the Saudi foreign minister;
    the Saudi deputy defense minister

USA Defense Secretary Richard Cheney set out the following presentation:

   1) The USA had assisted Saudi Arabia against Yemen and Egypt in 1962;
   2) The USA had protected oil tanker shipments to the Persian Gulf in 1987-88;
   3) A character assassination of Saddam Hussein;

   4) A note of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait;
   5) An affirmation that President Bush was engaged in active diplomacy;
   6) That President Bush had contacted all of the major arms suppliers to Iraq;

   7) USA Secretary of State was going to Moscow, for support against Iraq;
   8) The meeting was an affirmation of what Bush had told Fahd by phone.

Cheney suggested a two-part strategy which should be activated simultaneously:

A) Co-operation to defend Saudi Arabia against a future attack;

B) Strangulation of Iraq, before economic restrictions forced him to action.

General Schwarzkopf reviewed the satellite photos with the King describing the demonstrated divisions as "the best forces that Iraq has" and adding that two more divisions were "someplace between there and Kuwait City ..." In addition, many Iraqi tanks appeared to be on their way to the Saudi border and SCUDs were pointed in that direction. Schwarzkopf added that Iraq could attack anytime within the next 48 hours.

With the presentation and Saddam's action in invading Kuwait, King Fahd was disgusted:

"We used to think Saddam Hussein tells the truth.
He told us, he told the U.S., he told Mubarak he wouldn't attack Kuwait, but the opposite happened.
So we know his bad intentions are there. As long as the right preparations for the right response at the right time are done, that is the best way to roll back these Iraqi actions. And I am grateful this is being done."

Cheney emphasized that USA involvement had to precede attack by Iraq for

- Iraq could move to attack faster than the USA could arrive to defend;

- Kuwait waited too long and when attacked it was too late for USA to defend;

- no one wants a war but "preparations are the best way to prevent war";

- the USA would only stay "until justice is done but not a minute longer".

Schwarzkopf then described a projected buildup of Iraq's forces noting that by week 17 the force would be so large that "it could defeat anything that came against it." Cheney then summarized with the 4 points of President Bush's proposal:

   1. The USA was prepared to commit a force capable of doing the job;
   2. To be successful, the forces would have to be in place when needed;
   3. After the danger is over, the American forces would go home;
   4. It would be far more dangerous to wait than to take action now.

Cheney closed with: "I'd like to receive your approval to proceed with introducing U.S. forces. We want to work with you so that this can be an international force, including forces of regional countries, but urge you not to wait for this to be organized before you agree to the deployment of U.S. forces."

King Fahd responded that
"Our co-operation with the United States is not out of a desire to attack others or to be aggressors. We did not create the problem. The problem was created for us. If we do anything with our American friends, we do it only in self-defense, not as aggressors ..."

The King asked for feedback and after a few minutes of heated discussion from his advisers he said:

"Mr. Secretary, we approve of the principle.
Let's believe in God and do what has to be done.
I don't care what other people say, the most important thing is to proceed to protect our country together with the Americans, also bringing some people from other Arab countries who are our friends."

1990 - On August 7,
King Hussein received an American cable warning that Iraq was going to invade and takeover the Saudi regime.
Hussein believed the news to be so improbable that he offered a visiting Saudi official "half the (Jordanian) army ", if the news were true. Within 30 minutes of the departure of the Saudi official, the first troops from the Rapid Deployment Force had landed in Saudi Arabia. In Washington, President Bush was warning of the Iraqi threat. Later, Hussein would meet with British Prime Minister Thatcher, who, after much strong talk and swearing noted that troops were halfway to their destination BEFORE the request came for them to come. The USA announces major troop deployments to the Gulf.

1990 - On August 7,
Near Leola, South Dakota, U.S.A., a ground marking in the shape of a "backwards question mark" was found in a wheat field by a grain elevator worker who observed it from the top of a bin. There were three rectangular marks spaced around the main pattern. The entire affected area measured 18.3 m. by 12.2 m.

1990 - On August 9,
American Presidential Executive Orders 12724 and 12725 were signed by President Bush.
They blocked any transfer of Iraqi or Kuwaiti government property and prohibited transactions with either. This severed all trade with both countries and included non-delivery of any capital owed to the countries for recent oil purchases as well as the non-delivery of merchandise to the countries which had already been ordered and paid for. These restrictions were added to those enacted in EOs 12722 and 12723 on August 2, which had not been as extensive.

1990 - On August 10,
12 Arab leaders agree to send a pan-Arab force to protect Saudi Arabia.

1990 - Sometime between August 14-16,
D. Scott Rogo was stabbed to death at his home in Northridge near Los Angeles.
Born in 1950, Scott gained a B.A. in the psychology of music from California State University and played the pboe with a number of symphony orchestras. His books include "The Haunted Universe" and "The Tujunga Canyon Contacts" (co-authored with Ann Duffel). He edited "UFO Abductions" and wrote many articles including a monthly column for "Fate".

1990 - During August,
An agreement to waive the "National Environmental Policy Act" (1970) was instituted after presidential and National Security Council directives communicated that the Pentagon believed that such would be necessary in order to increase armaments production for a Middle East confrontation. Correspondence passed between Colin McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics and Michael Deland, Chair of the White House Council on Environmental Quality responding to these demands.

The new agreement allowed the Pentagon to test new weapons in the western USA (anti-tank and anti-personnel), increase production of war materiel, begin new activities at military bases without the complex public review normally required. It would first be reported to the American public and Congress that the White House and the Pentagon had bypassed environmental protection legislation on January 30, 1991, by The New York Times acting on information provided to it by a public investigation organization, the National Toxic Campaign Fund (NTCF).

1990 - On August 15 at 20.00,
At Babinda, Queensland, Australia, 2 people saw a large, moon-sized object, oval in shape with smaller lights along its circumference hovering in the sky. Although the object was brightly lit, the stars could still be seen through it. No noise was heard during the sighting, which lasted 3 minutes.

1990 - During the year,
The "Basilica of Our Lady of Peace" is completed at Yamoussoukro, in the former French colony of Ivory Coast after 4 years of construction. The creation of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, the President, born in the nation in 1906, it would become the most grandiose Roman Catholic Church in the world. The estimated cost of over $200 million would swell the country's national debt to $18 billion by 1994.

In 1986, Houphouet-Boigny had hired one of France's largest contractors to start work on the church. The project would involve 1,500 workers and 5 construction cranes. It would rise to a height of 158 metres, almost twice the height of Notre-Dame in Paris, France, and higher than St. Peter's in Rome, Italy. It would have a 500-metre path of marble; a 50-kg solid-gold cross valued at $2 million; 7,400 square metres of European stained glass, 12 air-conditioned confessionals; 2,428 - 1,000 watt spotlights; a 60-metre-high dome; kotabe wood for the pews (hollowed for air-conditioning vents); 7 hectares of marble flooring imported from Spain, Italy and Portugal; 4 - 28 metre-high bronze and brass columns (each with 14 loudspeakers within); 4 elevators to carry visitors to a gallery 14 storeys above the nave; 29 million pinprick holes in the dome to provide excellent acoustics; 22 large doors, weighing 2 tonnes each - to be opened for cross-ventilation during some services; a pipe organ imported from the USA; 3 crystal chandeleirs imported from Italy; and more.

Following its completion, the basilica would be given over to the Vatican - who would then become responsible for its maintenance. As Vatican property (the Vatican is an independent state), visitors would be required to show a valid passport before being allowed to enter. The Vatican would also maintain two 2-storey houses nearby - one for the pope (who would visit once during the first 6 years), and one for the 4 resident Polish priests. While the basilica can seat 7,000 on plush cushions, it can hold another 11,000 standing worshipers. In the first 6 years of its existence, the average Sunday attendance would be several hundred. Only on 2 occasions during that time would the church be filled - for the one visit of the Pope and for the funeral of Houphouet-Boigny in 1994.

Mr. Houphouet-Boigny had accumulated a wealth of large plantations during his years in power.
He was considered the most trusted ally of France in Africa. Economic boom times had only been present for the country between the 1960s and the 1970s. Houphouet-Boigny called himself Ivory Coast's "Number One Peasant" and "the sage of Africa." He insisted that the cost of the church had been totally at his personal expense. During the 1980s he cleared a small part of one of his oil-palm plantations to provide space for his 18-hole championship golf course, a 300-room five star hotel, an air-conditioned cinema, an airport to receive Boeing 747s, and, a marble-coated peace foundation bearing his name.

It should be noted that while beautiful, marble is now prohibited from use in numerous North American cemeteries because of its relatively rapid deterioration. Granite, which is both harder and cheaper, has become the ornamental and construction stone of choice. Motivations for building the basilica could only have been personal and without concern for the citizens: only 1.5 million (less than 9.5%) of the 14 million population regard themselves as Roman Catholics.

In contrast to their President, the majority of the population do not have clean drinking water, live in shacks, work as plantation labourers, have few consumer goods, low incomes and poor health care. As a sincere follower of the Roman Catholic Christian faith, Felix Houphouet-Boigny appears to have learned that it is more "Christian" to build impractical and wasteful monuments to please his god than to help improve the lifestyle and awareness of those less materially fortunate than himself. And the Roman Catholic Pope has affirmed this belief by accepting possession of the basilica and the huge cost of its maintenance.

1990 - On August 16,
Iraq orders Britons and Americans in Kuwait to report to hotels or be rounded up.

1990 - At about 2.00 a.m. on August 17,
Luis Diodonet was driving on a road in the Oliveras aerostat (balloon) facility region, in Puerto Rico, when he saw "a very weird thing there in front of the mountain, and stopped my car and got out to have a better look. It was something strange, suspended in mid-air over that mountain that divides this sector from La Parquera sector, just in the farm administered by Freddie Guindin, it was rather like one of those so-called flying saucers, but it had something on top. You know the conical upper part of witches' hats! It was like that, conical on top and a circular base around it.

It was big and had many lights around it, and it looked silvery-metallic.
But the strangest thing was that something was coming out from underneath it, like a swirling mist that went directly down to the mountain in a column, but swirling in a spiralling column. That column was semi-luminous; a column of light and clouds or mist coming down from that object ... I do believe that thing was an OVNI (UFO).

... And you could hear a humming sound coming from it.
It just stood there, and after looking at it for a while, I left ... it was on top of the mountain at the entrance to the place (the aerostat facility), ...." Four totally independent witnesses verified a sighting as taking place at that location on that date and near that time.

1990 - On August 18,
Near Tweedsmuir, Saskatchewan, Canada, a flattened crop circle with a concentric ring was found in a wheat field, swirled clockwise. The central circle was 3.6 m. in diameter, surrounded by a ring of standing grain, then a ring of crushed grain 7.6 m. in diameter and 60 cm in width.

1990 - On August 18,
Near St Francois Xavier, Manitoba, Canada, a crop circle of flattened grain was found, swirled counter-clockwise.
Its diameter was 18 m. and it was only about the same distance from a Provincial Highway. The circle was found when the farmer began a swathing pass. There were no signs of entry into the field.

1990 - On August 22, at 02.30,
Roy Daugherty witnessed a large ball of light hovering close to the Westland Hotel in Workington, Cumbria, U.K.
He described the object as a rounded structure some 60-80 feet off the ground, at its closest, shrouded in light. It dropped down near him, hovered for 30 seconds and then pulled off horizontally at great speed.

1990 - On August 22,
Near Rosser, Manitoba, Canada, a crop circle was found, swirled counter-clockwise.
Its diameter was 21 m. and it was about 30 m. away from the nearest access road.
There were no signs of entry into the field.

1990 - On August 22,
American Presidential Executive Order #12727 was signed by President Bush "ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty."

1990 - On August 22,
American Presidential Executive Order #12728 was signed by Bush "Delegating the President's Authority to Suspend any Provision of Law Relating to the Promotion, Retirement, or Separation of Members of the Armed Forces."

1990 - During August,
A crop circle was discovered near Meath Park, Saskatchewan, Canada.
A concentric ring and circle formation were found.
The inner circle was 5.9 m. in diameter; the ring had axes of 9.5 m. and 9.2 m. and was 48 cm in width.

1990 - During August,
Some ranchers had seen bright lights in a field near Turtle Lake, North Dakota, U.S.A. followed by the discovery of "burned" ground circles a few days later.

1990 - On August 26,
Near Petersfield, Manitoba, Canada, a farmer and his son found a flattened crop circle while preparing to swath.
The circle was slightly elliptical, with axes 7.8 m. and 7.6 m.
It was located well away from the nearest access road; no signs of entry into the field were found.

1990 - During August,
Near Naples, Florida, U.S.A., a man reported finding a ground circle in the Everglades not far from town.
It was about 3 metres in diameter and formed in metre-high weeds in a dried-up river bed.

1990 - On August 27,
Near Domain, Saskatchewan, Canada, a circular swirled pattern was found in a wheat field.
Its diameter was 10.7 m., and it was located near an access road.
The grain appeared woven in a clockwise direction.

1990 - On August 28,
Near Northside, Saskatchewan, Canada, a flattened crop circle with two concentric rings was found, with a trail leading to two additional small flattened areas. Four "spokes" radiated from the centre of the main circle. A second circle was nearby, about 125 m. away behind a bluff of trees. The larger formation was elliptical, with axes 12.2 m. and 12.1 m., while the other was circular and 11 m. in diameter. There was no report of the slope of the land which could have accounted for the irregular shape.

1990 - On August 28,
Near Petersfield, Manitoba, Canada, a slightly elliptical swirled impression was found in a wheat field, swirled counter-clockwise. Its axes were 7.8 m. and 7.6 m. The farmers who discovered the circle were adamant that there were no tracks leading into the area.

1990 - On August 28,
Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province and orders the release of all Western women and children hostages.

1990 - On August 29,
A crop circle was found in a wheat field near Niverville, Manitoba, Canada.
It had not been there the evening before. It was 18.9 m. in diameter and was swirled counter-clockwise.
A slight depression was visible in the centre.

1990 - At about 3.30 a.m. on August 31,
Benito Collado, an employee of the Caribe gas station at the entrance of road 101 from Lajas to the tourist resort Boqueron, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico had the following experience:

"I was at home and had a dream that someone had got into my cafe, and I woke up worried.
So I got dressed, got into my car and went to the cafe to check if everything was all right.
When I arrived, there were about 10 cars parked there in the front, and several people who seemed to be alarmed about something. Thinking that maybe something had happened at my cafe, I continued on, made a turn, looked around, then came back and asked some of the people what was going on.

A woman, very alarmed, was screaming about "The little men, the little men!"
Some other guys there, also very nervous, explained that they were all driving down road 101 in their cars when all of a sudden a bunch of strange little big-headed men or "Martians" appeared, walking in the same road. They all stopped their cars at my cafe's parking lot, refusing to move. In the meantime, the woman continued screaming hysterically. "That's nonsense!", I said. "There are no little men". And I laughed at them. Anyway, when they insisted, I started my car and went down the road just to have a look for myself.

Almost a kilometre away, I saw them. My God, I thought, what is this?
There, some 50 feet away in the road in front of me were five incredible things!
Lord, why did this have to happen to me? I was very frightened by what I saw, but at the same time I felt fascinated. I wanted to see more, so I began following them for a distance. It was incredible. I remember it all and still get nervous. Since that night I haven't been able to sleep; I'm always thinking about them.

They were five of the strangest creatures I have ever seen.
The biggest one was about 5 feet tall, and the smallest one about 3 feet tall.
They were skinny, with large pear-shaped heads, long pointy ears, big slanted eyes and almost no nose - only small holes. Their mouths were almost like a slit - very little. They all had long arms with 3 fingers on each hand and 3 toes on their feet. At their elbows and knees they had something that looked like joints, but I don't know - I'm not sure about that. I don't know if that was part of some clothing they had on, but to me they seemed naked. They were greyish, from head to toes: at least, that is what it seemed to me.

I was scared to death but I had to see them more closely so I kept following them in my car, and at a certain point I got really close to them. That's when the taller one turned around and looked at me with those big bright eyes. Then the others turned around, and at that moment a very bright light, like welding light, came out of their eyes and blinded me for a moment. My car's lights were on, but the light coming from their eyes was much, much brighter. I was blinded and scared, then I stopped the car and heard - I don't know if that's the correct way of describing it - felt, or heard something telling me not to get any closer.

When I regained my sight, they were walking down the road again, and I began following them once more, this time from an increased distance. When they arrived at the bridge they jumped over it one by one and went down by the small creek that runs below the bridge to the south, and disappeared walking into it until I couldn't see them any more." The small river leads to the Laguna Cartagena. Three-toed footprints were found the next morning in the river mud.

Figueroa further stated "This has ruined my life. I'm not the same man since that night.
Why did it have to happen to me?" After more questioning, he admitted "Late the next day I received a phone call, and a man speaking in Spanish with an American accent told me not to talk or say anything to anyone about what I had seen and where the little men had gone into, and that if I did, something bad could happen to me. That was it! I was already scared by what I had seen, and then that ... What worried me most is how he obtained my telephone number, because it is on a private line, and what's more, it is listed under another person's name. Even so, the man who called wanted to talk to me, Miguel Figueroa. How could he have known? I still can't explain it."

He also gave his opinion that "these things must have a base or something underground in this area. I don't think they are aggressive. I was alone, and that light they emitted indicated that they are powerful; even so, they didn't harm me. They could have, but they didn't. It was as if they were telling me not to get any closer ... I only wish this hadn't occurred, because I can't deal with it - I would like to forget it all."

1990 - On August 31,
Near Alvena, Saskatchewan, Canada, a ground ring was found surrounding a small tuft of wheat.
The entire diameter was only 3.3 m., and the width of the ring was 122 cm.
In the surrounding fields, three more similar rings were found.

1990 - During the year,
He Ping, son-in-law of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, begins representing China as an armaments dealer.
Within 5 years, his personal worth will exceed US $40 million. Most armaments companies in China are and will be controlled by the families of high officials. The formal government, the Foreign Ministry, for example, neither knows what they do nor has any control over them.

1990 - On September 1,
A large depressed ring was found in Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada.
It appeared on a driveway overnight and was 9.1 metres in diameter, and 15 cm wide.
The gravel was pulverized at some points and was pressed about 5 cm into the ground.
A strange glowing light had been seen that night in the area.

1990 - On September 2,
Near Murmansk, U.S.S.R., TASS news agency reported that Soviet anti-aircraft defences monitored the flight of a UFO, a brilliantly illuminated object that flew at an altitude of 15 miles from the Barents Sea to Kola Peninsula.

1990 - During September,
Near St-Eugene, Quebec, Canada, a ground circle was found in grass near a cottager's cabin.
It was 9 m. in diameter and the grass appeared "burned". A similar ring was said to have been found in the same area the previous year.

1990 - During September,
Near Ste Agathe, Manitoba, Canada, a pair of concentric crop circles were found.
They were narrow, circular tracks, about 30 cm in width; the smaller circle was 27 m. in diameter and the larger was 46 m.

1990 - During September,
Crop circles were found in fields near the town of Macon, Illinois, U.S.A.

1990 - On September 13,
At the long-range radar tracking station near Kuybyshev/Samara, Siberia, U.S.S.R., military personnel observed the landing of a black triangular-shaped craft. It allegedly destroyed one of the radar posts, and 2 sentries who temporarily disappeared experienced time loss. It began at 00.07 with Major A.L. Duplin, head of the shift watch at the time:

"At the beginning of the first hour, a large flying object was observed on the radar screen.
The brightness of this blip was comparable to that of a strategic bomber approaching us, and the distance was no more than 100 kilometres. (Much smaller targets are usually detected at much greater distances at this location).

Following my order, enquiries were made via the automatic identification system, but I was informed by Senior Sergeant Miketenok that this system had gone out of operation ... At this moment, the 'strategic bomber' target scattered, and changed into what looked like a flock of birds on the radar screen ...."

At a distance of 42 km, the radar screen had shown a strong signal from the main target of an isosceles triangle with flat sides. A triangular UFO actually landed at the base. The target came much closer and the underground command post ordered a team to investigate, headed by Captain Lazeiko, who reported the following:

"An unknown object passed over our heads as we came out of the underground bunker.
Its height was no more than 10 metres ... We could see it clearly, since the perimeter of the base is always lit by searchlights. The bottom of the object was smooth, but not mirror-like - it was like a thick layer of soot. We did not notice any openings, portholes or landing gear, but we saw 3 whitish-blue beams of light. The corners of the object were slightly rounded."

According to Senior Sergeant Gorin, the commander of the guard who was in the guardroom just after the relief of the guard, a sentry, Corporal A. Blazhis, could not be contacted at post No. 4. At 00.20, Gorin sent 2 soldiers to find out what had happened. In his report, one of the soldiers, Sergeant A. Romanov, explained that all the telephone equipment at the post was in perfect working order but there was no sign of Blazhis. On learning this, Gorin gave the order, "To arms!", and organized a search for Blazhis. Half-an-hour later it was reported that he had disappeared, together with another sentry, A. Varenitsa.

After the report, said Major Duplin,

"I decided to scan the unidentified object, which had apparently landed near the fence by the short-range radar post (No. 12). I had time to notice on the radar screen that just after the triangular object disappeared, sources of radiation could still be seen at the ends of where the triangle had been."

Captain P. Lazeiko reported that as he ran to post No. 12, he saw a flash, and the aerials appeared to be on fire, "as if made of wood". Another witness, Corporal S. Dudnik, described the event as follows:

"I was on standing on sentry duty at post No. 6 and saw the arrival of a large, black, triangular flying object, each side about 15 metres in length. It landed from above - not too quickly - with a soft rustling sound. The thickness of the triangle was about 3 metres. The flash, which knocked down the aerial behind me, came from the centre of the side of the object. There were no openings that I could see, but it seemed to be aiming at the target, and I was directly in the firing line! Strangely, I did not come to any harm, but the aerial was knocked down and burned brightly."

P. Beshmetov, ran up to Corporal Dudnik when the fire started.
"He was standing near the barbed wire barrier with his tommy-gun directed to the large black triangle, which was 100 metres from the barbed wire. I prepared to shoot, too."

"The triangle took off after one and one-half hours, and the commander of the guard ordered all the soldiers back to their posts and to check the barrier. The colour of the radar truck before the flash was dark green, but afterwards its paint became black and blistered. Some parts of the truck had melted. The upper aerial had broken away and was lying on the ground, 3 metres away from the truck. All the steel parts had melted, with the exception of the aluminum dish itself. The officers told Captain Rudzit that the steel parts burned as if in a stream of oxygen, and they could not understand what sort of energy could have caused steel to burn from such a distance (143.5 metres).

When I came up to the storehouse, out came Corporal Blazhis.
He was very surprised to see me walking along his post. I asked him where he had been for such a long time.
He began to laugh, and said that as he was going to the phone to report to Sergeant Romanov, he suddenly lost his memory ... Simultaneously, A. Varenitsa, the other missing sentry, also appeared at his post. He too remembered nothing, and is convinced that all the time he remained at his post. In his opinion, it was as if we all appeared to them in an instantaneous film - suddenly soldiers appeared with tommy-guns.

The watches of corporals Blazhis and Varenitsa were one hour and fifty-seven minutes slow and one hour and forty minutes slow, respectively. In addition, the serial numbers of Blazhis' tommy-gun and bayonet were completely wiped out."

In his report to the commander of the radar complex, the head of the economic managerial platoon, Boris Voronkov, demanded punishment of the 2 sentries for burning the aerial and destroying the vegetable patch (above which the UFO had hovered): obviously, he did not accept that a UFO had been responsible. The ground looked as if it had been subjected to an explosion of some kind. According to the observers, the object did not actually land, but hovered just above the ground.

The main newspapers reported this incident but by September 23 several newspapers were running follow-up articles killing the story by saying that following a visit by a special commission from the Ministry of Defence on the 18th, a) the story had been fabricated by the military correspondent of the newspaper; b) the story was denied by the military correspondent and his chief.

Independent confirmation of the incident was received from a Colonel who was invited to the complex soon after the visit from the commission, and while the upper aerial and its instruments had been taken away for investigation, the videotapes of the radar screen and the site conditions of the incident, he concluded that the incident happened as reported.

1990 - On September 14,
Near Osceola, Montana, U.S.A., a crop circle was found in a sorghum field.
It had a diameter of about 9 m.

1990 - On September 14,
Near Odessa, Montana, U.S.A., two large generally circular crop circles were found in a sorghum field near Kansas City.
The larger was 38 m. in diameter, and the smaller was about 9 m. in diameter.
The "formations grew" projections into the surrounding crop over a period of a few days.

1990 - On September 15,
Near Oskaloosa, Kansas, three circles were found in a grassy field.
Two were 18.3 m. in diameter, while the third was somewhat smaller.

1990 - On September 16,
Near West Jordon, Utah, U.S.A., at 19.52, Denise and Stephen Haddenham, together with their 2 children, observed a silver, disc-shaped object as they were driving home from a restaurant. Stopping the car, the witnesses watched the UFO for about 30 seconds before it disappeared swiftly behind a grove of tall trees. The object - estimated to be the size of a yo-yo held at arm's length - appeared to be a grey metallic disc with a dome on top reflecting the sun. A shimmer of air seemed to follow the object, like heat rising from a hot surface.

1990 - On September 21,
Near Frunze, Kirgizskaya, U.S.S.R., three militia officers reported encountering a huge flying saucer which landed, leaving a large area of burned grass. It was about 17.30 when the Administrative Office of Interior Affairs At Frunze, received a telephone call from the region of the "South Gate", located near the old airport. A huge UFO was reported to be hovering there.

Ten minutes later, a patrol car with 3 officers of the Militia arrived on the scene.
They were K.P. Kalugin, Duty Officer Responsible; T.A.Isakov, Head of Investigations Department; and S.I. Savoschin, a specialist in radio communications. Just after leaving the built-up area of town, they saw a giant UFO, estimated in their official report to be 104 metres in diameter, hovering at a height of about 150 metres.

From one side of the UFO, a yellow cone-shaped beam of light could be seen, ending very sharply not far from the craft. Isakov took some photographs, but the sensitivity of the film was low (16 DIN), and they did not come out well. A cupola was seen very distinctly, as well as a row of glowing "portholes" on the rim, and another cupola could be seen under the craft. Periodically, light seemed to be rotating around the rim.

As if in response to the patrol car, the UFO began to move south, in the direction of Orto-Sai.
The officers then lost sight of it, but observed it later as it moved over the hills on the outskirts of Orto-Sai. The UFO was moving away from them, but a strong glow could be seen coming from one of the hills. Getting out of the car, one of the officers climbed up the hill, and observed the UFO, which remained for a while, leaving a large area of burning grass in the form of a cross. The damaged area was about 100 metres in diameter, and "honeycomb-like" imprints were also found.

1990 - On September 23,
Near Tweedsmuir, Saskatchewan, Canada, another crop circle was found.

1990 - On September 23,
Iraq threatens to attack Israel.

1990 - On September 24,
Near Luton, Bedfordshire, U.K., Bob Boyd, was travelling on a coach from Heathrow to Sunderland when at about 11.15 he spotted a brilliant white cigar-shaped object rising above the trees.

"... It had quite pointed ends and at its thickest points it was also quite pointed.
The object was about 3/4 of an inch long at arm's length. When it rose up, it was a brilliant white all over (the sun was shinning on it), but after it levelled off there was a pronounced shadow on the lower half. i could clearly see this object. I had been watching it for some 30 seconds by now, and I decided I could not identify it.

... the object was hidden by a hill for about 45 seconds and after it reappeared, Mr. Boyd, adjusted his camera speed and took several pictures.

1990 - During September,
A crop circle was found near Topeka, Kansas.

1990 - On September 27,
Cosmonauts G. Manakov and G. Strekalov, on board the space station MIR, reported sighting a huge silvery UFO after they passed over Newfoundland during Earth orbit. The object was iridescent, at about 20-30 km over the Earth; it was observed for 6 or 7 seconds before it disappeared. It appeared to be hovering, spherical in shape and the weather was absolutely clear.

1990 - On September 27, at 22.45,
Near Clacton-on-Sea/Point Clear, Essex, U.K., Mrs. B., while walking her dog along the seafront, observed a large boomerang-shaped object, estimated to be over 200 feet in size, moving slowly and silently over the sea on an east to west course, apparently parallel to the coast. Mrs. B. estimated that the object was 1/2 mile out over the sea and at about 1,000 feet altitude.

The object had one large white light to the front and centre, with four other smaller white lights on each side of the central large light. After it had passed ahead of her, Mrs. B. noticed about 18 red lights at the rear of the craft, as well as an array of other lights to the middle of the object, the colours including blue, green, amber, and yellow. The sky was dark and starless, and unusually, no other people were around for that time of night.

Two witnesses travelling home from Point Clear at 00.30 were startled by two long red lights swooping towards their car. It was travelling at a tremendous rate of speed, then it turned silently, almost on the spot, around at a 45-degree angle, then flew off towards a woodland area, where it seemed to land. We did not see it again. It had 2 very long cherry-red lights, which as it banked gave the appearance of being on the sides of a clearly discernable black disc approximately 200-300 feet across. There was no sound with it.

1990 - By October,
Michael DeVine, an American innkeeper in the hinterlands of Guatemala, is killed by soldiers.
A U.S. officer would later conjecture that he had happened to witness some army abuse or murder of other civilians. His wife thinks it may have been a case of her husband simply offending a Guatemalan officer.

The commander of the local army base was Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez.
Some USA officials say he ordered the killing and then covered it up.
Democratic Congressman of New Jersey, Robert Torricelli, would later charge that Alpirez had been a paid CIA informant at the time of the murder. Six men were convicted of the murder but Guatemala would never bring to trial the senior officers believed to be involved in covering up the crime.

What many comfortable detached North American observers fail to recognize is that a guerrilla war had been initiated in Guatemala. In such a war, persons who believe that they are rebelling against an autocratic political authority have passed any hope of negotiation, patience and forgiveness. They are, or are caused to be, motivated by despair, frustration, anger, vengeance and rage. Their intent is to bring anarchy and so disrupt the order of the autocratic state that it fails by capital loss in a dwindling economy, or, that it falls beneath international sanctions and demands.

If the public are substantially filled with rage also, a full scale civil war may occur.
A human acting out the extreme emotion of rage is seldom selective in their choice of victim.
Anyone at hand who rouses anger and defensiveness, in any way, may be injured or killed.
War is not a morality play in which soldiers carefully and cleanly sort through confused masses of civilians to determine who, in their perception, is a traitor and worthy of execution. If you do not want the injustices of war, DO NOT HAVE WAR!

1990 - On October 4,
A Chinese CZ-4A final stage that had been in orbit for a month unexpectedly exploded into almost 100 trackable objects.

1990 - On October 7,
Israel begins distributing gas masks to civilians.

1990 - On October 8,
Near Grozniy, Georgia, U.S.S.R., following radar detection of an unknown target at 11.00, Soviet Air Force Major P. Riabishev was sent to intercept; he observed 2 large cigar-shaped objects, which disappeared as he approached. His outline follows:

"At 11.22, I received the co-ordinates of the target and mission to take a look at ...
According to the information from the command post, the object was located at an altitude of 4.5 km.
The weather was clear and cloudless, the visibility excellent.
But a search for the target did not yield any results.
I reported this, turned, and headed home.

Suddenly, something made me turn my head.
To the rear and to the right, I saw 2 cigar-shaped objects of considerable dimension.
The length of the first approximately 2 kilometres and the second about 400 metres.
They were positioned one behind the other and were in good view against the background of the sky.
The smaller one cast a silver colour in the rays of the sun and the larger one appeared to be lustreless.
But I was not able to make out any details or structural features - the distance was too great.
I noticed, in fact, the UFOs moving sideways at great speed.

I turned and began to close in.
And suddenly both targets disappeared from the field of vision.
But the blips stayed on the radar.
According to the information from the command post, about 15 km separated us at this point."

1990 - During October,
USA President George Bush used his emergency Executive powers to extend his budget authority.
The 1991 fiscal budget agreement, which Bush had earlier signed with the Congress, had frozen armaments spending from further expansion until after 1996. Now Bush was allowed to put the cost of the Gulf War "off budget" thereby destroying the intent of the budget. These actions enabled the cap on domestic spending and the intention of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act to reduce the federal deficit to be sidestepped.

Although Congress agreed to pay for the war through supplemental appropriations and approved a $42.2 billion supplemental bill and a $4.8 billion companion "dire emergency supplemental appropriation," it specified that the supplemental budget should not be used to finance costs the Pentagon would normally experience.

When the Pentagon projected the war to last months and oil prices to skyrocket, its estimates of the incremental cost of deploying and redeploying the forces and waging war rose to $70 billion. The American administration sought and received $56 billion in pledges from allies such as Germany, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Although the military estimates of casualties and the war's duration were highly inflated, their budget estimates would later remain at $70 billion - even though the Congressional Budget office would estimate the cost at $40 billion, 16 billion less than allied pledges. Where did the extra billions go?

This method of handling the finances made it possible for the Bush administration to incur a deficit which exceeded budget authority; prevent Congress from seriously questioning excessive spending; waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit estimates to Congress prior to deployment of a major defense acquisition system; and, exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on hiring private contractors.

Funding for the development of the Patriot, Tomahawk, Hellfire and HARM missiles would all be switched from the regular budget to the supplemental budget, as would normal maintenance of equipment, in addition to supplemental requests later made in spite of a planned 25% reduction in the armed forces. All of these expenditures violated the intent of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1990. All of these benefited the expansion of military-industrial contracting.

1990 - During the fall,
"The International Chetek Corporation" (Chelovek [Man], Technologia [Technology], Kapital [Capital]) is set up in Moscow, Russia, to promote the idea of incinerating toxic wastes, including radioactive wastes, with underground nuclear explosions. The marketing byline is "use nukes for nature." Company officials take the position that because the explosions would take place in large rock formations, nuclear contamination would be all but eliminated.

1990 - In October,
Shepard Emil Akitaev's dog carried a bloodstained skull to his tent, near Aramza, in the region of Susamyr, Kirgizskaya.
Strange sphere-like objects were reported in the sky throughout the year in this region.
More people than previously, reported seeing a strange "Bigfoot" or "Snowman"-type creature during this year than previous years. The head veterinary surgeon of the pastures in that area, Mairambek Manakulov, was certain that the skull belonged to neither animal nor a human. It had a large cranium with a long nasal section, as well as a fixed joint which was attached to the skull where the human neck vertebrae would join.

Manakulov delivered the skull to Panfilovski Central Regional Hospital.
According to the head physician, Sh. B. Begaliev, the skull could belong to a creature with a highly-developed intellect, but of non-human origin. He based his opinion on the large volume of the cerebral hemispheres (not always a direct indicator) and the fact that there were no normal eye sockets nor nasal holes. In addition, the bone material contained very low levels of calcium.

1990 - On October 10 at around 21.00,
Near Hoyt Lakes, Skibo, Minnesota, U.S.A., local residents began reporting unusual lights in the sky south-east of Hoyt Lakes.
Two police officers drove to within a mile of the site and in company of other witnesses observed several multiple objects of indeterminate shape, alternately hovering and darting about at an estimated altitude of 10,000 feet or so.

At 22.15, following a series of ambiguous "returns", the FAA air traffic control tower at the Deluth Airport confirmed radar echoes from the Hoyt Lakes area, and over the next hour or two the targets registered intermittently on two separate radars. One of the Duluth controllers continuously monitored the roughly circular formation, variously comprising three to five objects. The targets also appeared on an Air National Guard radar screen.

A commercial plane flying at 11,000 feet and 40-50 miles west of Hoyt Lakes was notified by the Duluth controllers, and the pilot reported sighting 2 distinct, steady lights below his altitude and a few miles apart, both described as deep, glowing red. No other conventional aircraft were in the area and no known weather factors accounted for the anomalous radar returns.

1990 - On October 11,
In Randolph County, North Carolina, U.S.A., a large ring was found in a grassy field at the same time as loud noises and bright lights were being reported by residents.

1990 - On October 11, at 20.00, ???
Near Bristol, Avon, U.K., 3 people saw a large ball of orange, glowing light hovering over the Hartcliffe area of Bristol.
The ball suddenly displayed a red formation of lights and began to move off towards the Dundry Hills.
More lights became visible, coloured red, blue and white.
Through the lights could be seen a distinct triangular shape,

1990 - On October 11, at about 21.45,
Near Saddleworth Moor, Lancashire, U.K., according to police, a Stalybridge man was shaking uncontrollably as he reported 2 sightings which had occurred at night as he drove along Holmfirth road close to the Yorkshire/Lancashire border. He described having seen a large saucer-shaped object, with flashing white lights as he drove into Yorkshire. On his return, a spotlight from the same or similar object shone down on his car. His description matched 2 independent reports in West Yorkshire, one of which was given by a woman who regularly travels along the same road.

Aviation authorities were not aware of any aircraft in the vicinity around the time of the sightings.

1990 - On October 13, at 22.00,
Near Thanet, Kent, U.K., several witnesses saw a brilliant white cigar-shaped object pass overhead towards the sea.
It suddenly stopped dead over the sea and after some minutes shot away at an amazing speed.
Two minutes later, a second, identical object passed over their heads and out to sea, also stopping dead.
The object hovered for a few minutes before shooting off at high speed.

1990 - In mid-October,
Yevgeny Primakov, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's Middle East envoy, met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at her country residence, Chequers. He would later write:

"Then, for a good hour, she allowed no one to interrupt her monologue, in which she outlined in a most condensed way a position that was gaining greater momentum: not to limit things to a withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait but to inflict a devastating blow at Iraq, 'to break the back' of Saddam and destroy the entire military, and perhaps industrial, potential of that country. ... No one should interfere with this objective, she declared - no one should even try to ward off the blow against the Saddam regime."

Responding to a few questions, Thatcher further stated that there was no alternative to consider but war and that she would not divulge the attack date because "it should come as a complete surprise to Iraq." In March, 1991, USA President Bush would award Thatcher the Medal of Freedom.

1990 - On October 16,
Near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada, a ring of flattened grass was found in a field.
Its diameter was 9.4 m and its width was 15 cm.

1990 - On October 16,
Near Milan, Illinois, U.S.A., a circular area of flattened corn was found, with a diameter of 14.2 m..
The ground was flat, "as if the furrows had been pressed out".
The corn was laid in a clockwise direction.

1990 - On October 18, at 16.35,
Near Bristol, Avon, U.K., Kelly Broom and her friend Rachael Stewart, both 10-years old, were playing with a frisbee in a field near their Bristol home when, to their astonishment, the frisbee appeared to "bounce" back several times, as though it had hit an invisible wall. As Kelly picked up the frisbee, the 2 girls found themselves inside a kind of transparent "bubble", unable to get out.

Both girls became frightened and began to "bang" on the walls of the bubble in an attempt to escape. Suddenly, a pale yellow mist began to percolate into the bubble from above. Later, both girls described a sensation of pressure which appeared to be pulling them into the mist.

The air at this time was described as being very warm, with both girls experiencing breathing difficulty: in fact, they were only able to breathe while prone inside the bubble. They stated that no sound could be heard from the bubble, and they had to shout very loud in order to hear each other. At one stage, Kelly put her hand on Rachael's coat and described a sensation like that of static electricity.

Rachel later told Kelly that she had seen "something" inside the bubble, but was unable to remember what it was. Although they were not aware of the exact duration of time spent inside the bubble, it felt like about 4 minutes. Kelly said that one moment they were inside, and the next thing they knew, the bubble had gone. Although a slight wind was blowing at the time, it stopped when the bubble descended over them, yet it started again when the bubble lifted.

Kelly claimed she saw a large flock of blackbirds flying around above the bubble, as if they were unable to fly past it. After the incident, she suffered nightmares for several days: each time, the nightmare was a "re-run" of the experience. Interestingly, at no time was the word "UFO" mentioned during the interview with investigators from "Quest International".

Weather conditions at the time of the incident were fine and dry with a slight wind blowing.

1990 - On October 21,
Near Barada, New Brunswick, Canada, two rings were found on the side of a hill; a third was found a few days later.
The first two were 5.5 m. in diameter and the third was 3.6 m. All were 45 cm in width. The rings were "burnt brown" in an otherwise healthy crop. "Violet root rot" was suggested as the cause.

1990 - On October 24, at 14.45,
In Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A., while glancing out of her 12th floor office window, a woman noticed a stationary flat-bottomed disc below her level, against a backdrop of trees. About 20 feet in diameter, its only feature initially was an upturned rim.

Momentarily, the disc began moving slowly upward and away in an arc, then proceeded back and forth in half-circle paths, alternately displaying its black underside while continually moving away. The witness was joined by another woman, and then a man, who alone saw a second vehicle - boomerang-shaped - merge in the distance with the first. Perhaps 2 miles distant, the objects suddenly disappeared from view.

1990 - On October 29, at 20.15,
Witnesses in an isolated area of Gloucester/Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K., witnesses saw a large ball of light hovering over some high voltage pylons. The object was changing colour from bright white, to orange, and to red. After at least 5 minutes, military fighter aircraft were seen heading in the direction of the object. As they approached, the object suddenly disappeared.

At 21.00, a number of witnesses in Uxbridge, Middlesex, observed 2 very large balls of orange light hovering at treetop level over nearby fields. Suddenly, one of the balls moved slowly away at about 15 mph and travelled in a big arc before returning to its original position next to the other object. Both objects began to move slowly away when fighter aircraft were seen coming from the opposite direction, passing directly over the area where the lights had been last reported.

1990 - On October 30, at 21.30,
Irene Stafford, was preparing to walk her dogs when she saw a dome-topped object near her home in Mount Airy, North Carolina, U.S.A. It was bigger than a plane and hovered near her home. It made a high-pitched whining sound and had red and green lighted "portholes" that rotated along its bottom edge, as well as beams of light that sprayed across the sky. During the sighting, the dogs whined, shook, rubbed their ears with their paws and refused to leave the house.

1990 - On October 31, at 5.00 p.m.,
Lu Chenming, a resident of Shanghai, China, reported "a glowing unidentified flying object appeared in the northwestern sky flying in a northerly direction. (a meeting was held of interested parties on December 9 to discuss the sighting at the Putuo District Education Institute) The glowing belt of the UFO ... was orange and extremely bright, and it had a bright spot in front.

Concerning its shape, the videotape by the Educational Institute showed a short, thick, wide u-shape, and the video by Baoshan TV showed a dragon-tail shape, thick at the front and tapered off at the back. ... For its speed, the UFO was moving slowly, and its tail exhibited a certain spiralling, .... None of the 6 scheduled flights for that day would have been allowed in the restricted airspace over the city, all were followed on radar, and all would have had contrails (vapour trails) due to their altitudes and weather conditions (the UFO did not).

1990 - On November 5,
Between Genoa, Italy and the North Sea, British Airways Captain Mike D'Alton, reported sighting a UFO during the night flight in a Boeing 737 from Rome to Gatwick. He described it as a silver disc with 3 faint points of light in arrow formation and a fourth light behind it.

Captain D'Alton said the object was visible for about 2 minutes over Genoa.
"Ground radar couldn't pick it up, so it must have been travelling at phenomenal speed."

The same night another BA captain reported 2 very bright mystifying lights while flying over the North Sea, and later spoke to an RAF Tornado pilot, who, together with a second Tornado pilot from the same squadron, had been approached by bright lights which converged on the Tornadoes. The accompanying Tornado pilot was so convinced that they were on a collision course with the lights - apparently 9 were seen - that he broke away and took "violent evasive action". The formation of UFOs continued "straight on course and shot off ahead at speed - they were nearly supersonic ..."

1990 - During the fall,
A 43-car train disappeared in a railroad tunnel while travelling south of Bologna, Italy.
Italian officials were still investigating the disappearance in early 1995 when 3 trains disappeared while travelling through a tunnel in the Pyrenees Mountains, between France and Spain. The Pyrenees have long been a well-known area for UFO sightings. Police inspector Alfredo Pena noted that a 38-car passenger train with 319 people on board and 2 freight trains, each with a crew of 8, had disappeared.

Nearby-residing retired farmer, Antonio Molina, said that he "didn't notice anything out of the ordinary as they entered the tunnel ... but the rumbling of the trains ended a lot sooner than normal." Maria Ballistro, a passenger on the train, had gotten off at the last stop before the tunnel because she had noticed that the lights in the train had been flickering off and on in the train and "weird things" had been happening.

1990 - On November 5,
Near Rheindalen, Germany/North Sea, 2 terrific explosions were heard on two separate occasions at night.
After the second explosion (at 22.00) the crew of a Phantom jet reported UFOs heading north in a "finger" formation.

Separately, 2 Tornado jets over the North Sea encountered 2 large round objects, each with 5 blue lights and several other white lights around the rim. As the Tornadoes approached, one of the UFOs headed for one of the jets, which had to take violent evasive action to avoid collision. The 2 unknowns then headed north until they were out of sight. Nothing showed on the radar screens of the Tornadoes.

1990 - On the night of November 5-6,
Over Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, mysterious aerial objects, variously described as orange balls, triangles and points of light were reported by hundreds of witnesses. Some described a moving shape comprising 3, 5 or 6 brilliant points of light. In Belgium, dozens reported a triangular object with 3 lights flying slowly and soundlessly to the south-west, and their air force said it was studying the reports in liaison with neighbouring air forces. Several crew members of civilian and military planes also sighted UFOs, including a British pilot who reported 4 objects flying in formation over the Ardennes hills in south Belgium.

1990 - On November 6, at about 23.30,
Mrs. Deriece Kopetko, her sister, and 3 of their children, were driving through Deniliquin, near Barham, Victoria, Australia when they noticed 2 red lights in front of them which they assumed to be aircraft lights, although they made unusual movements in the sky. Mrs. Kopetko said the lights had travelled vertically and horizontally, stopping completely still at certain moments then proceeding to move about in varying patterns.

After travelling through Deniliquin, approaching Barham, Mrs Kopetko stopped the car to investigate.
She said that one of the lighted objects landed in a paddock to the left of the car, and hovered with a blue haze above it. Alarmed, Mrs Kopetko's sister, who had been sitting in the back seat, turned to the right to avoid looking at the object, only to be confronted with the other light, which flew over the car at a distance of about 9-12 metres.

Mrs Kopetko said she wound down her window to watch the light as it travelled above the car and noted that it had been completely silent. It appeared to be diamond-shaped with 4 lights: a red and white light at the front, and a yellow and a bluish-green light at its triangular point. She said the end of the diamond did not have a light. The object then, almost instantaneously moved to join the other light in the paddock.

After having driven on, Mrs Kopetko and her family watched as the moving light travelled back and forth above Deniliquin. After 5 or 6 km, they watched as the light transformed into a bright luminous white colour for about 5 minutes, before resuming its original configuration.

1990 - On November 7,
John Fuller, playwright, documentary film producer, and author of many books about the unexplained, died at the age of 76.
His books included "The Interrupted Journey", "Incident at Exeter", and "Aliens in the Skies".

1990 - In November,
An interview with U.S.S.R. Deputy Defence Minister, General Ivan Tretiak was published.
He stated "Many of the phenomena mistaken for UFOs are caused by the penetration of cosmic rays through ozone holes which are formed during (rocket) launches". He revealed that the military knew that some of the famous sightings in the late 1970's could have been explained by making this effect public knowledge, but that for "security reasons, nothing was written about this at that time."

He went on to comment about a sighting in March, 1990 in which a UFO was detected for a long time (20.00 - 23.30) in the region north-east of Moscow:

"two pulsating lights were observed in the sky, moving as if they were fixed in relation to each other,... but this was not an airplane. We have written testimony from eyewitnesses as well as photographs. Some observers were even convinced that the speed of the object depended on the frequency of pulsation of the lights.

Tretiak noted that although the object could be observed on a radar screen and photographed, it could not be registered by onboard radar recording equipment. He explained that "the 3 signals which come from the target - the radar signal, the optical signal, and the thermal signal - all show up on the viewing screen. It is as if they duplicate each other, but the recording device only registers the radar signal. And in this case there was none." He said he believed the UFO could not be recorded on radar because it was not an ordinary flying machine which can be recorded on the relatively narrow band on which Air Defence Force's radar operates. ... The ground radars of the Air Defence Forces did not record the (UFO) target.

When questioned as to why he, as Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defence Forces, did not order the UFO to be shot down, particularly since his predecessor in the post of Commander-in-Chief, as well as the Minister of Defence, had been removed from their positions when they were unable to prevent "a flight over our territory and a landing in Moscow of the inoffensive sports plane flown by Rust", Tretiak pointed out that the UFOs encountered thus far by his pilots have appeared to pose no extraterrestrial threat but that there is still no proof that the UFOs are of extraterrestrial origin or flown by intelligent beings. Moreover, he warned, it would be foolhardy to launch an unprovoked attack against an object that may possess formidable capacities for retaliation.

Tretiak said that even if it is proven that some of the UFOs are "a product of a highly organized intelligence from a significantly more developed civilization that our own ... any fight with such objects and their crews - before a clarification of their intentions - would be futile ..."

1990 - During the year,
David Morrison, a planetary scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in California, briefed the USA House of Representatives' Science Committee on his view of the hazard of an Earth orbit crossing asteroid impact. Also during the year, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics released a position paper calling for an expanded effort to detect asteroids. At the request of the House panel, NASA then convened 2 groups: Morrison's committee, charged with developing a comprehensive search strategy, and a second, charged with identifying ways of deflecting them. The second would take place in 1991.

1990 - On November 8,
More than 100,000 extra troops are ordered to the Persian Gulf by USA President George Bush.
By the end of the year 400,000 USA troops will be in the region.

1990 - On November 13,
USA Presidential Executive Order #12733 authorized "the Extension of the Period of Active Duty of Personnel of the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces."

1990 - On November 14,
USA Presidential Executive Order #12734 regarding the "National Emergency Construction Authority" gave authority to the Executive Office and the FEMA to construct Concentration Camps, war bunkers and underground military headquarters in addition to other war preparation construction.

1990 - On November 15,
The AFP-658 USA NSA Reconnaissance Satellite was carried into space aboard the "Atlantis" Space Shuttle (STS-38).
It was released into orbit and its positioning rockets took it to 740 km altitude.
It utilizes digital imaging sensors and sigint (communications intelligence) receivers and will be focused on the Iraq-Kuwait region. This fully classified military mission had been delayed a number of times due to hydrogen tank leaks and payload problems.

The launch date was originally set for October 29th or earlier.
Communications during pre-flight were encrypted and other "Controlled Mode" barriers were utilized due to the military nature of the flight. This type of satellite may take a year to manufacture. Possibility of an Iraqi-Kuwait military confrontation began less than 6 months ago.

1990 - On November 16,
USA Presidential Executive Order #12735 "Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation", was signed by President George Bush.
While the order states that these weapons "constitute a threat to national security and foreign policy" and declares a national emergency to cope with the threat, the destruction of up to 10% of those types of weapons held by the USA and designated for disposal since 1985, could be delayed.

Bush ordered international negotiations, the imposition of controls, licenses, and sanctions against foreign persons and countries for proliferation. Conveniently, the order granted the Secretaries of State and the Treasury the power to exempt the American military.

By this point, the CIA, the NSA and Bush had become aware of the massive stockpiles of chemical weapons which Iraq had in its military reserve. Before the end of November, Bush contacted Saddam Hussein and warned him that if Iraq used chemical weapons against any of its neighbours (Israel, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran), that public opinion might force the USA to retaliate with nuclear force. Iraq would not use any chemical weapons in the Gulf War.

1990 - On November 22, at 00.30,
2 security guards at a caravan site at St Osyth, Essex, U.K., observed a "boomerang-shaped" object with 9 lights and a larger central light at the front edge, heading in an easterly direction towards Clacton-on-Sea.

"It had an assortment of coloured lights to its centre, and we counted 18 red lights after it passed us", said one of the witnesses. Further, he stated "I estimate the object to have been in excess of 250 feet (in size) ... and no more than 500 feet up and about 500-600 Feet from us, out over the sea. There was no noise whatsoever."

The other witnesses estimated the UFO to be much larger - 400 - 500 feet - and at about 1,000 feet altitude. The sighting lasted 2-3 minutes.

Two hours later, at 02.30, Mr S and Miss J were walking along the Clacton sea front when they noticed a "triangle-shaped object" passing near the end of Clacton pier. It seemed to be slightly above the height of the pier, but no more than 50 feet or so. The object had a row of white lights along its leading edge, and the centre seemed to have more light than the sides.

"We could also see yellow, blue, and green lights about the centre of the craft, then there was a mass of red lights at its rear", Mr S. reported. "It was moving very slowly. We thought it was going to crash into the sea. We heard no noise, and both felt this to be strange. The size of the object was about 400-500 feet in length ... My girlfriend did not see anything apart from what we have stated, but I saw a large round opening near the centre of the object. If it was not an opening, it must have been a bulge underneath."

1990 - On November 23,
At the Vumba, near Mutare, Zimbabwe, Philip, the cook of Mrs S, was sitting with his wife outside their hut when, at 22.30, they saw a very bright object suddenly appear from the south and moving north. The object was so bright that it lit up the ground for quite a way around them. There was a longish flame coming from the rear of the light, which was of a rather elongated, elliptical shape. The object was huge and noiseless, with a large light underneath and a blinking light at the front. The sighting lasted for 5 minutes.

1990 - On November 29,
The UN Security Council votes 12 to 2 (Yemen and Cuba opposing), with one abstention (China), authorizing member states to use force unless Iraq leaves Kuwait by January 15.

1990 - On November 30,
Soviet Reconnaissance satellite, C2101 was intentionally destroyed when it refused to return to Earth on schedule.

1990 - On November 31,
An American DMSP Third Stage Solid Fuel Motor failed during launch and left 50 detectable fragment of debris in orbit.

1990 - In the December issue of "Scientific American", "Accidental Nuclear War", an article by Bruce G. Blair (Brookings Institute) and Henry W. Kendall (M.I.T.) point out the possibilities for unwanted war unless the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. work together to reduce such potential.

Factors promoting an accidental war are:

   - many missiles could be launched without authorization as easily as one;
   - the political stability of nuclear weapons newcomer states is weak;
   - the question of policy stressing nuclear deterrence or nuclear safety;
   - delegation to military commanders with little if any civilian oversight;

   - launch-on-warning strategies reliant upon satellite and ground-based sensors;
   - "missile events" indicating potential attack occur daily;
   - false alarms which trigger an alert happen once or twice per year;

   - over 80% of U.S.A./U.S.S.R. ICBMs are maintained in launch-ready state;
   - most missiles in storage currently have warheads attached to them;
   - drug dependency among military or political officers is not monitored.

1990 - On December 1,
Iraq accepts the USA proposal for talks but states that several Arab issues must be discussed including the Palestinian political situation.

1990 - On December 6,
Iraq orders the release of all foreign hostages in Iraq and Kuwait - on the expectation that negotiations about Kuwait, Palestine and other Arab political issues will occur.

1990 - During the second week of December,
Robert A. Mossbacher, USA Commerce Secretary, sends a note to Saudi Commerce Secretary, Suleiman al-Sulaim requesting that the bidding be kept open on a current $1.3 billion Saudi Posts, Telegraphs, and Telecommunications Ministry contract - part of a planned $8.1 billion plan to expand the phone system throughout the country. Practically approved for Alcatel of France and L.M. Ericsson of Sweden, the contract remains open after American President Bush intervenes. On December 23, Saudi King Faud directs a halt to negotiations with Alcatel. Bush states that the Saudis will soon see an example of American technological superiority.

A $3 billion electronic border security system for the Saudi Interior Ministry, headed by King Faud's full brother, Prince Nayef, and to extend along the 700 mile border with Yemen goes on hold. Arrangements were in order for the contract to go to a French consortium of Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale and others until the Iraqi invasion of August 2. Lack of enthusiastic French support for Desert Storm and the apparent demonstration of American technical superiority and "loyalty" will find the contract awarded to the Americans and other allies after the Gulf War.

1990 - By December 16,
The CIA informs Iraq that the USA will attack unless Iraq withdraws from Kuwait.
Saddam Hussein is enraged that he has been deceived into letting the hostages go and has left his nation open to attack. He is soothed by American protestations that the media and the international world opinion (which the USA have manipulated) has forced them to take an apparent strong stand against Iraq despite the encouragement and sanctions which the USA earlier provided Iraq towards invading Kuwait. Still, Saddam believes that he is morally right in his occupation of Kuwait and in his desire to clean up old Arab political problems by negotiation.

After 30 years of Arab attempts to resolve such issues by peaceful negotiation, Saddam understands that only a show of substantial force will attract international attention and potentially lead to a resolution of the problems. CIA agents speaking for the USA Executive Office empathize with him and suggest that he take a strong verbal stand in the media, prepare for war, and, if he is willing to lose a few thousand troops, he will be remembered as the leader who changed the face of the Arab world. Saddam becomes confident in the "plan".

Meanwhile, American diplomats and lobbyists take the CIA formulated media injected anti-Iraq, anti-Saddam disinformation to the nation representatives on the UN Security Council. Bush continues meeting with the leaders of other states to encourage them to take an aggressive stance against Iraq.

1990 - On December 19, at 5.30 p.m.,
Mario Orlando Rodriguez, a resident of the Bairoa Park urban development in Caguas in the central eastern part of Puerto Rico, heard the sound of helicopters flying very low over his house, where he was working in his art studio. He went out to see what was happening.

"When I came out I saw dark green military helicopters with no markings, numbers or identification, flying very low over the houses. They seemed like the ordinary choppers used by the P.R. National Air Guard. One of them had an opening on its side and there was a man clinging out, tied or strapped with some sort of belt. The man was shouting something I couldn't hear because of the helicopter engines, and was pointing in a specific direction. When I looked in that direction, there was a weird thing there ... It was like a big ball, like a big pearl with a yellowish aura surrounding it, and in the centre - in the interior - there was a reddish light. It was a UFO, there's no doubt in my mind about it. It was flying in a south-east to north-east trajectory, and the helicopters were chasing it."