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Memory Stimulators.
1991 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Terminator II - Judgement Day; Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country; Double Impact; SnakeEater II; Dead Silence; Crooked Hearts; White Light; Fried Green Tomatoes; Thelma and Louise; The Josephine Baker Story; Love Kills; The Silence of the Lambs; V.I. Warshawski; Cape Fear; Mission of the Shark; Ernest Scared Stupid; Regarding Henry; Kook; JFK; Without Warning; Lightning; City Slickers; At Play in the Fields of the Lord; He Said, She Said; Life Stinks; The Rapture; Delerious; Truth or Dare; Only the Lonely; The Rocketeer; Drop Dead Fred

1991 - In the January issue of
"Scientific American", Self-Organized Criticality, an article by Per Bak and Kan Chen, was published. Together, these scientists presented their conclusions on the consideration of factors in a structure which suggest possibilities for a predictiveness of behaviour. Some of those findings are as follows:

"Large interactive systems naturally evolve toward a critical state in which a minor event can lead to a catastrophe. ... Large interactive systems perpetually organize themselves to a critical state in which a minor event starts a chain reaction that can lead to a catastrophe. ... composite systems never reach equilibrium but instead evolve from one metastable state to the next.

Self-organized criticality is a holistic theory: the global features, such as the relative number of large and small events, do not depend on the microscopic mechanisms. Consequently, global features of the system cannot be understood by analyzing the parts separately. To our knowledge, self-organized criticality is the only model or mathematical description that has led to a holistic theory for dynamic systems. ....

Now and then, when the slope (of a pile of sand) becomes too steep somewhere on the pole, the grains slide down, causing a small avalanche. ... The pile stops growing when the amount of sand added is balanced, on average, by the amount of sand falling off the edge. At this point, the system has reached the critical state. .... even catastrophic avalanches cannot cause the slope of the pile to deviate significantly from the critical slope. ....

The grain will stop only if it falls into a stable position; otherwise, it will continue to fall. If it hits grains that are almost unstable, it will cause them to fall. ... The process will cease when all the active particles have stopped or have moved off the sandpile. .... The chain reaction maintains a critical state. .... Both subcritical and supercritical piles are attracted to the critical state. The sandpile has two seemingly incongruous states: the system is unstable in many different locations; nevertheless, the critical state is absolutely robust. ...

An observer who studies a specific area of a pile can easily identify the mechanisms that cause sand to fall, and he or she can even predict whether avalanches will occur in the near future. ... an erratic (sequence) that has features of all the (inter-flow) durations ... known as flicker noise suggests that the dynamics of the system are strongly influenced by past events.

Flicker noise is extremely common in nature.
It has been observed in the activity of the sun, the light of the galaxies, the current through a resistor and the flow of water through a river. ...

To evaluate the accuracy of predictions for a dynamic system, one must know the initial conditions with some precision as well as the rules of the dynamics. In nonchaotic systems, ... one can determine (the future) with almost as much precision as one can know (the reality) today.

In chaotic systems, a small initial uncertainty grows exponentially with time.
Furthermore, as one attempts to make predictions further and further into the future, the amount of information one needs to gather about the initial conditions increases exponentially with time. ...

... the uncertainty (of future events) grows with time (in nonchaotic systems) but much more slowly than it does for chaotic systems. The uncertainty increases according to a power (political) law rather than an exponential (rebellion) law. The system evolves on the border of chaos. This behaviour, called weak chaos, is a result of self-organized criticality. ... Weakly chaotic systems ... allow long-term predictions.

Because we find that all self-organized critical systems are weakly chaotic, we expect weak chaos to be very common in nature."

Genetic imbalances (biotechnology and traumatic stresses) lead to compulsive states (addictions) in which a rebalance is sought (needs) with factors (self-discipline) which do not have an easy fit with the normal personality. Frustration from such attempts encourages the development of chronic anxieties (motivations) which produce obsessive behaviours (dominant character traits). When the number of participants in such a system of imbalance (society) becomes great enough (tribal), individual members may choose to pool their efforts and found a political system (authority structure) by which it is believed that either sufficient resources (power) will force a state of balance (peace), or, sufficient homogeneity of behaviour (status quo) to overlay the basic imbalances and diminish their influence.

In either or a combined intent, the loss of individual freedoms (citizenship) and the deception which often accompanies the manipulation factors (political linguistics), eventually involved - results in an increasing internalized pressure (resistance) to react against what becomes obvious and subtle coercive (unjust laws and policing strategies) factors of the political system. Eventually the deception, manipulation and direct force which have maintained an outward appearance of "balance" (political and economic authority) become obvious to the individual participants and the political system festers (civil disobedience) and decays (terrorism) from inside and results in its dissolution (anarchy). Other developing and similar systems may engulf the obvious imbalanced systems (conquest) and include its participants in their system. In other words, humans have tended to organize themselves into structures which by the nature of their size and complexity must and will fail.

1991 - By January 1,
86 crop circles had been reported to the Ufology Research of Manitoba (UFOROM), or otherwise communicated through the North American Institute for Crop Research (NAICCR) during the calendar year 1990. Sixty-one unusual ground markings (UGM) were found in the U.S.A. and twenty-three were reported in Canada. These represented 45 different cases or locations, since in some cases as many as 10 circles/traces were associated with one location. The physical traces ranged from holes gouged out of the ground to British-style crop circles.

Organization of efforts and reporting of these in North America are in the early stages leaving the suggestion that many more formations are likely to have been made. Twice as many flattened circles were found in the U.S.A. as Canada, though Canada had many more concentric rings. Both clockwise and counter-clockwise swirls were regularly reported. In Canada the most common crop noticed to be affected was wheat, whereas in the U.S.A., grassy fields were most affected followed by a variety of crops. Flattened circles occurred most often in grass, and were more often displayed as "burns" whereas concentric circles form almost exclusively in wheat. Few pictograms reported were as complex as those found in Britain.

1991 - On January 3,
At about 19.30, Barry and Linda Dawson were driving to a motor auction on Scarth Hill near Westhead/Bickerstaffe, Lancashire, U.K. They encountered a brilliant white object in the sky. "It was like a triangle shape, a very bright light, and it was on its own," Barry reported. "When we came out from the auction I looked up through the windscreen and the light was there again. Three lights appeared around the bottom of it and all of a sudden it disappeared ..."

1991 - On January 6,
Albert Hall, a 68 year old Londoner living in Liskeard, Cornwall, U.K., was surprised by an unusual sight in the sky at about 08.00. "I happened by chance to look out the window and witnessed the object emerging from behind the clouds ... moving slowly from left to right". The object passed behind a cloud and Albert went to get his binoculars, resuming observation in another room. "I watched the object through my binoculars for approximately 2 minutes before it disappeared behind a bank of clouds to my right ... The object had a clearly defined outline and was brilliant white. I live in an area in which Air Force practise low-flying exercises ... I have also seen gas-filled balloons and, in the past, airships and barrage balloons, but this object had no wings or tailplane, or gondola attached to the underneath, and I could not see any markings or windows ... The Object did not shine like a star or a planet and there was no glow ..." The object looked like "a knitting needle - very slim - like a cylinder with tapered ends", and was 3 inches long at arm's length.

1991 - On January 8,
American Presidential Executive Order #12742 is signed by George Bush to enable "National Security Industrial Responsiveness". This will enable the FEMA to put any American industry on full alert and under full direction for the purpose of supporting the aims of the Executive Office, whether those be military in nature or otherwise.

1991 - On January 9,
Peace negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland between USA Secretary of State James Baker and Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz end in failure. By way of an USA National Security Agent, President Bush encourages Saddam Hussein to remain defiant and the Arabs will admire his leadership. The prospects that the world leaders will bend to his demands rather than go to war are good. America does not want war. At the same time, American President George Bush encourages his Congress to endorse the use of force against Iraq.

1991 - On January 12,
USA President Bush receives a majority support in his Congress for the use of force in Iraq.
He has used the emergency powers put in place by the executive orders of the last decade to restrict and manipulate the media so as to encourage the American public to fantasize a hatred for a leader of a foreign country, half way around the world, which their government has politically supported for two decades, which their employers have sold armaments to, and about the history of which they know nothing.

1991 - On January 13,
U.S.S.R. President Mikhail Gorbachev orders troops into Lithuania to quell rebellion and restore order.
Soviet paratroopers are also deployed to Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Georgia, Armenia and Ukraine.

On the same day, January 13, UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar meets Saddam Hussein in Baghdad, Iraq. He fails to persuade Saddam to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Saddam tells de Cuellar that if it is acceptable for the USA to occupy South Vietnam and it is acceptable for the Soviet Union to occupy the Baltics why is it not acceptable for an Arab to occupy an Arab state? de Cuellar has no answer. Saddam tells de Cuellar the equivalent of the American "Get serious!" and says that the UN should mandate a negotiation of the Arab problems he has requested earlier.

1991 - In the January 14 issue of
Business Week , American Unemployment was described as follows:

"In the early '80s, much of the rise in unemployment came from young workers just entering the labor force, which was growing by roughly 2% annually. Now, the labor force is hardly growing at all, thanks to falling birth rates in the late 1960's and early 1970s. That means that most of the newly jobless are people who have been working for some time and, therefore, have more to lose. ...

Consumers, meanwhile, have their own set of concerns: disappearing jobs, shrinking incomes, low savings, and high debts. It's not surprising that the Conference Board's index of consumer confidence continued to languish at an 8-year low in December [1990]."

1991 - On January 15,
The United Nations deadline for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait expires at midnight EST.
The UN makes a final appeal to Iraq.

1991 -
1991 - On January 16, EST, President George Bush of the U.S.A. declares war against Iraq after President Saddam Hussein fails to withdraw Iraqi forces from an occupied Kuwait according to a time schedule mandated by the United Nations. In New York City, U.S.A., the Dow Jones industrial average closed the week up 145 points from the previous week, the largest weekly climb in its history. Weapons experts said that the first air assault hit Baghdad with 18,000 tons of high explosives - which is 1-1/2 times the destructive force of the atomic bomb that the United States dropped on the city of Hiroshima in 1945.

1991 - On January 17,
"Operation Desert Storm" is launched by allied forces with massive air and missile strikes against key strategic and communications centres in Iraq and Kuwait.

The air assault on Baghdad results in 18,000 tons of explosives being dropped - 1-1/2 times the destructive force of the atomic weapon dropped on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. Tens of thousands of civilians are killed as well as thousands in the military. Sophisticated weapons designed to be used against a superpower like the Soviet Union have been freely deployed against a strong troop and artillery force. This is the opportunity to use up and test out aging stocks of weaponry no longer required for defense/offense against a fractured Soviet Union.

In a television address later in the day, Hussein invoke's God's help, characterizes the USA as satanic, and declares this to be "the mother of all battles". The Iraqis declare 55 coalition planes shot down; the coalition admits only to 4 warplanes lost.

1991 - On January 18,
Iraq launches its First SCUD missile attack on Tel Aviv, Israel.
Reprisals are threatened by Israel but the USA states that it will look after the retaliation so that Israel does not have to enter the war. In attacks on Tel Aviv and Haifa, SCUDs injure 15 civilians.

SCUD missiles were developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s as an extension of the German V-2 rocket technology. Scud B's are used by Iraq. They are about 40 feet long, less than 3 feet in diameter, weigh 14,000 pounds fuelled, are quite a bit smaller than V-2s and deliver a payload of 1,000 pounds (a kiloton nuclear warhead, substantial chemical disbursement, or standard neighbourhood.

SCUDs are transported on 8-wheeled trucks called MAZ-543, which carries them horizontally in a cradle which lifts them to a vertical position for fuelling and firing. They rise to the edge of space before falling back down towards their targets at 6 times the speed of sound, arriving in silence well ahead of their own sonic booms. SCUDs are reliable for striking within a mile of their target at a distance of several hundred miles. They have a simple inertial guidance system that steers them via movable surfaces on their tail fins. Inertial guidance uses accelerometers to measure changes in speed in 3 axes, and a computer adjusts for all of those changes and infers the present position and velocity of the missile. The SCUDs navigation system compares the position, speed and direction of flight reported by the inertial guidance device with a set of parameters entered before the launch, and adjusts the flight path accordingly.

Civil defense facilities at the receiving end of SCUD attacks had about 90 seconds notice at the beginning of the war (improved later to 5 minutes) of the missile's arrival, with the aid of surveillance satellites. Most launches would take place at night in the hope of affording the launch vehicles greater protection from discovery and retaliation; however, the infrared signature of the launch acts as a target for Air Force location finders.

The USA would supply PATRIOT missiles to counter the SCUDs.
Manufactured by Raytheon, they entered service in an anti-aircraft role in 1985. They were upgraded to antimissile status in 1986, by which time the USA White House senior advisors and select CIA officers had decided that a war against Iraq was "necessary" in order to cover other longer-term planning. In 1988, the Patriot received a new warhead as further preparation.

The Patriot is 17 feet long and 16 inches in diameter.
A solid-fuel rocket, it can exceed 3 times the speed of sound. Its steering is by movable tail fins and thrust vectoring, and is controlled by a Track Via Missile (TVM) guidance system. That consists of a ground radar and computer and a second radar in the nose of the missile. The ground radar shows both the missile and the target, and the Patriot's radar picks up returns of ground radar energy and transmits what it captures back to the ground. There, a computer compares the missile's view of the target with that of the ground radar, computes a refined trajectory and sends steering commands back to the missile. It is the powerful fast computer on the ground which gives the Patriot its ability to intercept a rocket moving twice as fast as it is. At a certain point when the SCUD and Patriot are close, the missile's own radar takes control, the warhead is armed, and a shrapnel producing blast disables anything nearby.

Throughout the war, very few people would be killed by any SCUD, even if it hit a target in the middle of a city neighbourhood. Although Iraq had considerable quantities of chemical weapons, none were even prepared for use aboard the rockets. The booster section of the rockets was left attached to the warhead of the SCUDs for the entire flight, making it a much larger and easier target for anti-missile attack - for the duration of the war.

The version of the plan which Saddam Hussein had been given by the CIA before and during the war included these items:

1. It was alright to occupy Kuwait; the USA would not interfere;
2. When Iraq left Kuwait, they would not be attacked in their exit;
3. In order to test the Patriot, the USA wanted neutered SCUDs fired.

In return for this "posturing", the USA would:
      A. Encourage support for Iraq's claims against Kuwait;
      B. Maintain Saddam Hussein's leadership and regime in Iraq;
      C. Become a major purchaser of Iraqi oil and supplier of future arms.

Every participant would get a different story from the master strategists, the senior advisors to the USA president. Perfect control would be maintained by keeping everyone else off guard and disinformed; this in the basis of manipulation: make everyone dependent upon you - look to you for the final answer - appreciate your greatness by your following a plan in which you have already structured the result. The perfect conspiracy is the one in which your co-conspirators do not know the true significance of their actions.

1991 - On January 18,
American Presidential Executive Order #12743
"Ordering the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty" is signed by President Bush.

American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are placed into service to monitor enemy troop positions. It is their first battlefield test. The use, benefit and reliance on them will never be mentioned in the media.

The CYPHER , a Sikorsky 1.6 foot thick, 6.5 foot diameter doughnut-shaped UAV is used for reconnaissance and replaces a reliance on satellite photos. A ducted fan design with spinning rotors in the middle, it requires only 2 men for its launch and recovery. It flies quietly and is painted to help disguise it against the sky.

The ES20-10 AEROBOT, designed by Aerobotics, a subsidiary of Moller International, is a 30 inch by 20 inch flying tethered ducted device which transmits real-time video or infrared images over a 200-foot cord to its tender. A generator at the tender's end of the cord powers the unit and the other remote controls are mounted on a belt harness worn by the tender-operator. It provides crucial surveillance in close-fighting (village/town) situations where the tender-video-officer radios enemy positions by miniature transceivers to individual soldiers. It provides the advantage to the advancing soldier of knowing what is around every corner, behind every wall, and into which building a defending or retreating enemy has gone. Co-ordinates of the enemy can be provided in terms of degrees of direction and distance in feet by the video spotter. How can you lose.

A POINTER mini-drone, made by AeroVironment Incorporated, is an airplane-shaped UAV with a 9-foot wingspan. Weighing 8 pounds, it is launched by a soldier with the use of a javelin-like thrust. Carrying a mini-videocamera, it transmits real-time images to the operator. Having a speed of 20 to 40 mph, it becomes restricted in use whenever the winds in the desert exceed its cruising speed. Its silent operation makes it most useful at night. After the war, the Defense Evaluation Support Activity Department (DESA) will loan the devices to National Guard and State Police for civilian law enforcement and pre-raid preparations.

Other UAVs used during the Persian Gulf War will resemble bumblebee and cigar shapes; some will be capable of airlifting small numbers of troops over short distances.

1991 - On January 18,
A small Asteroid estimated to be 30 feet in diameter was discovered moving towards the Earth at 20,000 mph. Sighted at 10:25 p.m. with a telescope atop Kitt peak, Arizona, it passed the Earth by less than 100,000 miles distance, 12 hours later. That distance is less than the average distance of the Moon. If it had hit the Earth, the force of the impact would have been greater than the atomic blast that devastated the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

Earth-crossing asteroids measuring between 33 and 330 feet in diameter are believed to number 150 million in number with a smaller sized one influencing the Earth every decade and the larger ones possibly striking as often as once every few centuries. Most of the smaller ones burn up high in the atmosphere, and no ground damage occurs. Larger-sized ones tend to disintegrate closer to the ground. If it reaches the ground, its kinetic release of energy is expected to be similar to the explosion of dozens of nuclear warheads. As far as categories of asteroid sizes go, 3 other categories account for those smaller in size than 33 feet in diameter, larger than 330 feet yet smaller than 3,300 feet, and, greater than 3,300 feet (0.6 miles) in diameter. The larger the object the fewer the number and the greater the potential devastation.

1991 - On January 19,
Iraq attacked Israel a second time with SCUD rockets.
USA forces seize Kuwaiti oil platforms; 12 Iraqi troops taken prisoner.

1991 - On January 20,
Seven shot down Allied Airmen appear on Iraqi television.
USA air-defense missiles are fired at SCUDS launched against Dhahran and Riyadh.

1991 - On January 21,
Iraq fires 10 SCUDs against Saudi Arabia.
The USA protests Iraqi mistreatment of captured airmen.
Iraq declares that more than 20 captured airmen will be used as shields.

USA Presidential Executive Order #12744, "Designation of Arabian Peninsula Areas, Airspace and Adjacent waters as a Combat Zone" effectively has the USA declare war against any opposition, or suspected opposition, within the borders of not only Iraq but also those of Syria, Turkey, Iran, Jordon, Israel, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Lebanon, Qatif, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and Yemen. Such unrestricted infringement on the borders of so many states provides for an autocratic invasion of Iraq from all sides whether the states so traversed are in agreement or not. If any object, they may receive the full fury of the American War Machine as well.

The planned-for testing of video-remote-controlled missiles is now finally ready.
Military personnel will now be able to play a dissociated game-like form of technical warfare in which they guide a missile with 6" to 12" point accuracy. There are no misses with such technology. Even an inexperienced or sloppy operator will strike close enough in an enemy concentration to kill some and injure many others. The major difference between "experience" and "novice" is in the ability to "choose" who will die and who will be wounded.

1991 - By January 21,
Non-Arab Mass Media Reporters have been warned by Pentagon press officials that those who asked "hard questions" would be seen as "anti-military" and that their requests for interviews with senior commanders and visits to the field would be in jeopardy. Pentagon press officials spent significant time analyzing reporters' stories in order to shape coverage in the Pentagon's favour. The military often staged events solely for the cameras and would stop televised interviews in progress when it did not look like what was desired to be portrayed.

Reporters were barred from travelling without a military escort, limited to small groups called "pools" and required to submit all reports and film to military censors for clearance. While some reporters complained that the restrictions made it impossible to gather information independently and form objective (independently subjective) stories, most were glad to get anything that would tie their name to the latest media obsession of North America: the self-indulgent pride of sophisticated weaponry used without restraint against a largely unseen and demonized enemy. North Americans would see little of the CIVIL devastation that their dollars financed nor injuries of the Iraqi soldiers annihilated by the thousands, some while carrying white flags of surrender.

Although filed soon after the beginning of the war, a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of press restrictions was not heard until the war had ended. It was dismissed when the judge ruled that since the war had ended, the issues raised had become moot. The legal status of the restrictions, tested during the invasions of Panama and Grenada have never been clarified. As always, in war, the first casualty is the truth.

1991 - On January 22,
Iraq fires 6 SCUDs against Saudi Arabia and others against Israel.
One SCUD breaches Patriot defenses in Tel Aviv, kills 3 and injures nearly 100.

1991 - On January 23,
Germany agrees to give money to finance the war to both Israel and the USA.
Allied troops overwhelm 32 Iraqi troops on a small island off Kuwait, killing 3.

1991 - During the 3rd week of January,
Over the Keckskemet military airport in Hungary, an object is sighted flying silently at a height of 600 feet, trailing a 240 foot exhaust flame. The Defence Ministry was investigating. A military spokesman said "I do not believe in UFOs, but I have no reason to doubt what my fellow officers say."

1991 - On January 23
Near Great Houghton, Yorkshire, U.K., Tony Fletcher and his girlfriend Julie Creasey spotted a diamond-shaped object hovering in the sky at about 01.20. They watched for several minutes, then it suddenly darted erratically in different directions.

"At first we thought it was an aeroplane, but it was just hovering.
It suddenly started darting all over the sky at a high speed and then went back to its original position and hovered again. We watched it for 40 minutes and it repeated this several times. At one point it came closer, then dipped and drew away, and we could clearly see it was a diamond shape with a rounded front end: it looked something like a sting-ray. There was no noise from it, but it was sending out bright red, green and white flashing lights..."

1991 - On January 24,
Japan offers $9 billion for the war effort.
Two Iraqi jet fighters are shot down in an apparent attempt to launch French-made Exocet torpedo missiles at allied ships in the Gulf.

1991 - On January 25,
Iraq fires more SCUDs against Israel, killing 1; SCUDs are also launched against Riyadh, killing 1 person.
A huge oil slick forms in the Persian Gulf. Saddam Hussein has some top Air Force commanders shot for refusing orders.

1991 - On January 26,
The USA convenes a team to contain a huge oil slick now measuring 56 km (35 miles) by 16 km (10 miles) comprised of 11 million barrels of oil. Seven Iraqi planes make emergency landings in Iran.

1991 - On January 27,
Iraq declares that UN Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar is personally responsible for the war for not offering to negotiate and for simply following whatever direction was stipulated by American President Bush. Iran states that it is holding 12 Iraqi planes until after the war. USA planes bomb Kuwaiti oil sites to try and stop the flow of crude oil.

1991 - On January 28,
The USA Pentagon declares that more than 80 Iraqi warplanes are in Iran.

1991 - On January 29,
Germany offers $5.5 billion to the war effort.
The Iraqis launch a four point armoured assault across the Saudi border.
French Defense Minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement, resigns after criticism of his lack of enthusiasm for the war.

1991 - On January 30, t
The First Ground Battle involving the Allies results in 11 U.S. marines killed and 2 wounded when Iraqi forces retain the Saudi Arabian border town of Khafji. Allied military complain that the Iraqis are letting more oil flow into the Gulf from Kuwait. Moscow and Washington say publicly that the war could stop if Iraq pledged to withdraw from Kuwait.

1991 - On January 31,
Saudi Arabian forces recapture Khafji after 30 hours of fighting against the Iraqi troops.

1991 - At the end of January, a
A piece of hardware from a PROTON booster rocket, used in 1983, broke up into several dozen pieces of space debris.

1991 - During the year,
A NASA Workshop on Asteroid Deflection was held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico to discuss ways of deflecting asteroids which were on a collision course with the Earth. Consisting mostly of nuclear physicists, the gathering quickly turned into a "revival meeting for Strategic Defense Initiative true believers," wrote physicist Robert Park.

While the few astronomers present watched amazed, some physicists suggested building fleets of nuclear missiles ready to be launched on command against any Earth-bound projectile. Others intellectualized further with concepts of developing anti-matter traps to extinguish heavenly hazards. No human has ever seen anti-matter or constructed a device to produce it: a completely theoretical reality. With all the space junk of human origin currently floating around the Earth, and, with the knowledge that electronic systems can be disabled by bursts of naturally produced solar energies, and, no prospect of a failsafe form of technology - why would humans place huge nuclear weapons in space?

Edward Teller, long regarded as the "father of the hydrogen bomb," proposed constructing a megabomb thousands of times more powerful than anything that has ever been made. This suggestion and the previous ones prompted one physicist to shout in desperation, "Nukes forever!" Joseph Veverka of Cornell University and a member of the asteroid detection panel, later asserted: "People who are underemployed in the defense industry are using [this issue] ... to find a cause for their existence." In other words the inertia and bureaucracy behind the armaments industry seeks to maintain or expand their current budgets, irregardless of the practicality, safety, or morality of doing so.

1991 - On February 1,
Iran pledges to join the war in support of Iraq if Israel joins in.

1991 - On February 2,
Canadian fighter jets attack elite Iraqi troops near the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border.
An Iraqi SCUD strikes Jerusalem, but there are no injuries. In Riyadh, pieces of a SCUD intercepted by a Patriot missile result in 2 people injured.

1991 - On February 3,
An article by Aileen McCabe who is reporting from Amman quotes local Arabs as follows:

"My contention is that we're seeing the birth of a new Arab mentality ... tired of decades of humiliation and defeat at the hands of foreign powers and their own governments, they feel they have nothing left to lose. They not only admire but share Saddam's sense of fearlessness in the face of the vast multinational war machine. ... ordinary Arabs now say: 'Look, I'm not living my lousy life anymore. I'm going to stand up and fight back. I might die, but at least I'll die with dignity rather than grovelling on the ground.' ...

The West has always dealt with Arab leaders as people who were scared or susceptible to economic or political pressure, who could be bought off or frightened; the West doesn't know how to deal with defiant Arabs, only compliant Arabs. ... Saddam represents hope to 75 or 80% of the Arab world's 150 million or more people. ... British and French foreign ministers have spoken on television about 'looking ahead to the future for the Middle East' while USA Congressman Lee Hamilton has been quoted as saying 'After the Gulf War, the challenges we face in the gulf will provide the United States with an extraordinary opportunity to reshape the Middle East.' This is the last gasp of the folly of the old order. If there is going to be a new order, we've got to be part of it."

1991 - By February 6,
Costs of the GULF WAR to the USA included:

                        Daily operations:             $1 billion
                        USA aircraft losses:          $1 billion
                        GBU-15 TV-guided weapons:        $ 450,000 each
                        Tomahawk cruise missiles:        $1 million each

   Egyptian support: forgiveness of        $7 billion in military debt to the USA
   Turkish change of heart:                           $3 billion
   Chinese UN favourable vote:                        $4 billion loan
   Israel's patience & passivity:                $23 billion in 2 parts
   Morocco's rejection of citizenry support for Iraq: $1 billion

    Other:
         Syria, for sending troops : $2-3 billion from the Saudis and Kuwaitis
         Egypt, additional : a further $4 billion from the Saudis and Kuwaitis
         The USSR for supporting the USA attack on Iraq : $4 billion from Saudis

What money and credit can buy; what humans mean by "political reality".

1991 - On February 10,
Colonel Romeo LaLonde, speaking for the Canadian Air Task Force in the Middle East when asked about the extent of the bomb damage of Iraq said:

"That's good for public opinion at home. That means reconstruction business. ... Everybody's opinion is mercantile. It always filters down to the almighty dollar at one point or another."

He estimated that more than $70 billion in construction will now be needed that the war is over.

1991 - On February 14,
American Presidential Executive Order #12750 signed by President Bush,
"Designation of Arabian Peninsula Areas, Airspace and Adjacent Waters" as the "Persian Gulf Desert Shield Area".

1991 - By February 18,
Reconstruction Contracts for the Persian Gulf region have been made public.
With the war not yet finished, American business is quickly grabbing the contracts expected to be generated from the devastation, deception, and fear which will be the legacy.

Regarding Kuwait:

The US Army Corps of Engineers has a $45 million contract to restore utilities.

The Americans are preferred for a $2 billion emergency program of rebuilding.

The Kuwaitis have signed 171 contracts worth $600 million, mostly to USA firms.

Fahd al-Hasawi, the Kuwaiti Minister of State for Municipal affairs says of the special considerations (closed contracts): "America is helping us with all its might and all its children."

Concerning Saudi Arabia:

The Americans are expected to receive a $3 billion border security contract.

The Americans will receive a $1.3 billion telephone service contract.

Raytheon of the USA will receive orders for Patriot missiles and systems.

An additional 24 McDonnell Douglas F-15 warplanes will be ordered.

General Dynamics of the USA is hoping to receive an order for 235 M-1A2 tanks worth over $700 million, while promoting its F-16 fighter aircraft.

American companies E-Systems (Dallas), Brown & Root, AT&T and Motorola expect to win heavy contract participation.

1991 - In February,
The USA Omnibus Export Amendments Act was passed by Congress.
It imposed sanctions on countries and companies developing or using chemical or biological weapons. Bush signed the law. Unlike the one presented a year earlier to him, this one gave the Executive Office the authority to waive all sanctions if it were thought that the national interest required it. In other words, the restrictions applied to the rest of the world outside of the USA!

1991 - On February 22
Near Leckhampstead/Maids Moreton, Buckinghamshire, U.K., while returning home by car from a school reunion in a Buckinghamshire village, 3 youths noticed what one of them described as an object that was "shaped unusually cigarish, fat in the middle, luminously white, glowing with (thousands) of lights radiating from all angles' at 00.45. As they reached the village of Maids Moreton at about 00.59, the object appeared closer, and seemed to flit from house to house in a jerking motion.

Parking the car in a field and switching off all lights, the witnesses continued to watch the object, now 500 yards away. At one stage, it seemed to respond by moving even closer when the driver "signalled" to it with the car headlights. At this stage, panic overcame the youths.

"The object was now maybe 100 feet away on the other side of the road. (Witness) B's one thought was to get out of the field. He tried the engine and lights but both failed to respond. The ignition did not even make a sound. He tried repeatedly for about 20 seconds but to no avail. Not even the headlights functioned now. Then a brilliant beam of light poured out of the object, just 50 feet away. This enveloped the car and B could not even see the steering wheel in front of him. A faint humming sound was also reported by 2 of the 3 witnesses, but only at this point ... C, in the front seat, tried to open the door to leap out but it was as if it were glued shut ... One youth screamed, the others say (he denies it). A admits he lay flat on the seat, buried his head in his hands and closed his eyes.

Reflexively, B turned the ignition again, and then everything happened at once. The light beam, humming, and UFO vanished instantly and the car was working. They drove out of the field as fast as possible the 3 miles into Buckingham ..."

The 3 witnesses reported a time lapse, but other details are uncertain.

1991 - During the previous ten years,
Max Faget, Director of Engineering for NASA for over 20 years until his retirement in 1981, had developed 2 modest powerful spacecraft designs. He founded his own company, "Space Industries". His Industrial Space Facility had been designed as an unmanned automated bus-sized laboratory which would be placed into orbit and then periodically visited by space shuttle personnel. It received little support from NASA before government political decisionmakers out of the fear that the acceptance of its economical and practical design would detract from the grandiose and costly space station "Freedom" which NASA wanted acceptance for.

His small recoverable unmanned space vehicle, named "Comet", intended for experiments in space with capsule recovery with the results, was successfully tested aboard a privately developed small booster rocket.

Faget, a meticulous engineer, credited many of his constructive decisions and innovations to intuitive reasoning rather than extensive theoretical calculators. He noted that while with NASA, numerous of his designs met with modifications made by detractors who sought to include more theoretical, complicated or inexpensive concepts - which usually proved ineffective or incurred accidents.

Immediately after WWII, Faget began working at the flight research center at Langley, Virginia. He became head of the "Performance Aerodynamics branch" of the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division and was later promoted to Chief of the Flight Systems Division. As Director of Engineering for NASA at the Houston space center, he began the development of the Mercury capsule and designed the escape tower which the USSR adopted into its designs. He contributed to the solid fuel Scout and Little Joe rockets and designed the warhead shape for the Polaris missiles. Against opposition, he demonstrated that the space shuttle could be flown tandem-style and tested from a 747. With his considerable achievements and contributions, the American public remained oblivious to his presence. He had not sought fame and fortune with dramatics, insecurity and boastful pride. And in return, when he presented his industry with economical and practical designs, they rejected his work because it was unlikely to attract the public fantasy and idolic reverence.

1991 - By March,
The USA Presidential Approval Rating exceeded 75%.
The war had been a success. Military-industrial contracts had benefited by tens of billions of dollars. Domestic issues such as 37 million Americans without health insurance and 32 million Americans living in poverty, or 5 million American children starving - would be quieted by the pride of winning a fake war.

1991 - On March 7, at 00.40,
Mrs Bette Jackson, near Northfield, Birmingham, U.K., became aware of an unusual sound and noticed that the area outside her cottage was illuminated. An oblong, "Zeppelin-shaped" brightly lit object could be seen through the windows, with a beam of light extending downwards. The colour of the object was light grey.

"I then noticed that the body of the object was brightly lit through what appeared to be windows. I believe they were square ... they appeared to be divided into 3 colours: one-third were white, one-third amber, and the remainder of another colour ... The noise was a droning sound which was very penetrating and continued throughout. The object seemed to be suspended in the air ... up to this point took place in about 15 minutes ... I reached into my wardrobe where I keep my camera, a Canon EOS 750, which I keep loaded and ready to use at all times ...

I took 3 photographs through the bedroom window. I was by now very curious, and noticed at the same time that someone was in the adjoining garden (who) I believed to be my neighbour. She was standing perfectly still looking up at the same object ... I quickly rushed downstairs, my camera in my hand, and went outside to the rear of the cottage, and low and behold, the object was still there, suspended in the sky - beam, lights, and droning noise again. The beam appeared to be searching the area below, moving very slowly ... I took 2 photographs, praying that the light from the object and the beam would be sufficient ...

After about 5 minutes, the object moved slowly from the rear of my cottage to the front, so I went through the side gate to the front ... After another minute or two, the object returned to the rear. Of course, I followed it again, and after another 2-3 minutes the beam was switched off, then the lights went out leaving only the droning sound, which lasted I would say another 10 seconds or so, then silence. I did not see the object move again: it simply disappeared from my view. I say this because I do not know what happened to it, because I saw nothing else ... All that I saw and heard lasted approximately 25 minutes."

The neighbour did indeed see the sighting, but fears of ridicule prevented her from submitting her name or observations. Nothing was visible in the photos taken.

1991 - On March 8,
Near Plymouth, Devon, U.K., Mary Aylesworth, an American singing teacher living in St Budeaux, Plymouth, Devon, U.K., was awakened by her cat at 05.30, earlier than usual. Expecting that it wanted to be fed, she went to the kitchen. "As I entered the kitchen, I looked out and saw 3 circular plate-like objects in the sky. Two were side by side and one was underneath the other two, in the middle. They were very close to one another - almost touching.

They looked to be made of some kind of shiny metal, like aluminum. The thing that interested me was that each was covered by what appeared to be spotlights, as if they had been built into the surface of each of the circles. The brightness of the objects looked like normal spotlights, and the closest thing I could equate them with would be moonlight."

All the objects maintained the same face towards the witness, even in flight, "so I do not know what was on the other side of the 'plate'". The lights covered the faces of the objects, but none touched or overlapped the rim onto the other side. Shiny metal could be seen between the lights. The lights were flat, level with the surface of the disc, and illuminated the surface, "shining on the metal", so the surface may have been concave.

"They seemed to be hovering ... when I first saw them I had the feeling that they had been there some time. As I looked, the bottom one, suddenly shot away to the right ... and sort of went towards the horizon at a wide angle, as if it was going somewhere. Then about 30 seconds later, it seemed to shoot back up again and then it was underneath the "plates" ... then another one came up and joined the group and so there were four - two plus two.

A 50 pence coin (held at arm's length) would cover them individually. ... I am shortsighted and I did not have my glasses on, but I still had no trouble seeing them very clearly. The thing that struck me about them was that they moved incredibly fast ... They kept changing position. I had a feeling they were certainly co-ordinated - the four of them together. I felt there was some kind of intelligence behind it; a logic in what they were doing ... almost like a Red Arrows manoeuvre."

After the first object returned to the position it had left, the formation maintained position for 2 minutes, then another object came streaking in from the left, at the same speed as the first, and took a position under the left upper object, the lower object moving to the side. They stayed in this position for approximately one and a half minutes, then the lower right object repeated its first flight and was gone. Some 10 seconds later, the lower left object retraced its flight. Another 10 seconds later, the upper right object flew away, followed 10 seconds later by the last remaining one.

Two written reports from separate drivers who were on the road at the time nearby, were received later.

1991 - On March 17 in the evening,
In the Carraizo sector of the town of Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, just after midnight, there was a sudden explosion of lights, colours and a strange loud sound. For many miles around, the darkness of night became illuminated with a light of incredible proportions. At a distance, it could be seen that the sky had acquired an intense turquoise-blueish colour, and at the same time the electrical power failed in several sectors miles away. Everything was illuminated with a very bright greenish light that suddenly changed to orange light. To add a spectacular touch to all this, a bright white ray of light could be seen projecting itself up into the sky, moving from left to right and vice versa, in a uniform, fanlike motion.

This display was seen by thousands of witnesses for miles around Trujillo Alto. Those nearer to the area and those in high areas in the sectors of Rio Piedras, Carolina and Trujillo Alto ... saw an immense circular UFO hovering over an electrical power substation, located just behind the El Conquistador urban development, in Carraizo sector. The station's electrical energy seemed to be drawn to the UFO and "something like an energy curtain" could be seen around the substation, and in that curtain it was possible to see the electrical energy flowing into the underside of the huge object.

Within a few minutes, people began to congregate in the area of the substation, while many others called the police or radio stations to report what was happening, or asking for information about what they were seeing. Josue Marrero described "the electrical energy was going up in a wall of sparks, and electrical discharges going upwards. ... I even had to take my eyes away from it; the light was too bright and hurt them."

Jose Miranda, who lives in Diego Velazques Avenue in El Conquistador stated:

"What I saw when I looked through the back window ... It was motionless in the sky, and to me it was something round, ... At the underside ... following that edge was a thin line of phosphorescent green light, and next to that one, more to the centre, there was another one of blue-violet phosphorescent light, and at its centre that very powerful bright white light, like a welding light. ... and the light changed from green to blue to orange ... and when the electrical power failed completely that thing shot away to the north at great speed."

Genaro Bigas, another neighbour who lives in the Diego Velazquez Avenue, went to his balcony to see what was happening.

"At the moment I saw it, it was rather dark on the underside but was flashing bright orange lights from its sides all around it. That was the source of the light which was illuminating everything here. ... It was huge, as big as most of this urban residential area, but it was up there, motionless. How could that be, ... Another thing was that while it was up there, you could feel like a sensation of heat. When it left, we all felt a refreshing gust of wind at the same moment.... This I can say: If it was something alien, it wasn't hostile, because it didn't harm us, except for the damage to the substation."

The following day, several brigades from the Puerto Rico Authority of Electrical Energy began to repair the $335,000 worth of damage at the substation, which included burned-out electrical poles, several high voltage power lines and a number of burned out transformers. The station was equipped with an automatic safety system that shuts off the power in the event of a short circuit. If it fails to do that, there is an alternative one that cuts off the energy. However, Jose Luis Garcia, an engineer explained, "what happened here was of such a magnitude that neither system responded. This caused an extreme energy overload, and the energy level went to infinity. That explains the damage here." This unusual occurrence has been reported more frequently in Puerto Rico than elsewhere.

An Authority of Electrical Energy employee recounted similar happenings in Arecibo (about 40 miles from San Juan) at the substation in Cruce Davila, in Barceloneta, next to the Abbot Pharmaceutical Laboratories compound. In the El Conquistador area, a number of residents with ceiling fans reported that the fans' arms bent upwards while the UFO was above their homes. Other witnesses say that their table fans began circling backwards, returning to normal after the UFo departed. A lady who has a metal plate in her head due to brain surgery stated that she felt a very sharp pain in her head while the UFO was above. The next day, a 17-year old girl was witnessed by her mother to levitate. Domestic animals in the area remained totally silent all that night and until late the next day.

1991 - On March 18, at 6.05 p.m.,
A sighting occurred over Shanghai, China.
Flight 5556 took off from Shanghai's Hongqiao Airport bound for Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, some 800 km to the north. At 6.13 p.m., Jin Xing, a controller from the airport Control Centre, observed an elliptical ring of 'apricot-pink' light at an altitude of about 3,000 metres, near the airliner, and immediately radioed Mr Zhu, captain of the Airliner.

Captain Zhu observed the UFO and began to follow it. He reported ... that he saw the object, spurting a bright red blaze of light from its tail, and moving quickly within the ring of light. Captain Zhu, piloting a British-built twin-turboprop Shorts 360-300 with 36 passengers on board, decided to give chase.

As the airliner flew over Kunshan, a small city about 60 kilometres north-west of Shanghai, the colour of the ring changed from orange to black, and two smaller objects separated from the ring. One of these objects was circular and the other rectangular. The two objects flew to and fro, maintaining a distance of 300 metres from each other.

Forty kilometres further on, the two objects suddenly turned toward the plane at high speed. Frightened, Captain Zhu asked the Centre for emergency help, at which point the 2 objects joined together and flew upwards rapidly.

Flight 5556 chased the UFO for 9 minutes. Captain Zhu reported that there were no clouds and that visibility was excellent. The oval or circular object was larger than his plane and no other aircraft were in the vicinity at the time.

1991 - During the year,
Yigal Amir, a Yemenite Israeli, who had been serving in the Golani infantry brigade (the cruel ones), returned to his orthodox and passionate religious and other studies at Karem Dyavneh, near the Gaza Strip, south of Tel Aviv. His foreign birth, obsessional and ethnocentric childhood, military indoctrination and the Gulf War contributed to his zealous and selfless devotion to the state of Israel: like many Israelis exposed to a similar backgound, he had become a slave to the state and the authorities he believed represented it - the religious and military zealots.

Yigal became well known to the rabbis at the Bar-Ilan University because of his dedicated study and his intolerant opinions. While religious authorities sometimes tried to convey a wider or more accepted interpretation of the Jewish scriptures to him, he was unmoved in his personal interpretation of them. Over the next several years, he would attend many right-wing (Zionist/imperialist) rallies. He would take his friends to the Jewish settlements on the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip, insisting that they see the land which the Israeli government was preparing to relinquish to the Palestinians (the rightful owners).

1991 - On April 2
Over Maracaibo, Venezuela, 5 glowing objects were sighted, prompting many calls to a local radio station.

1991 - On April 2, at about 19.00,
Dick Feichtinger, of Faribault, Minnesota, U.S.A. had an unusual sighting while driving to work:

"I saw this object that was oblong, but it seemed to be hanging up and down. Rather than horizontal, it was vertical ... it was white, very long and narrow." Later, as he was heading home, he saw the object again, but this time it was red and green. "The fact that it wasn't horizontal is strange - from the configuration and the way it was hanging, that was what drew my attention to it."

On arrival home, he summoned his wife and children, who also observed the object, confirming that it was red, green, and at times solid white, and seemed to be intelligently guided. Suddenly, low-flying aircraft appeared on the scene, also observed by other witnesses. "I thought they were going to land on my house," said Steve Kelly, who saw two planes flying extremely low, close to each other, and at a reduced speed. "They were flying so low I couldn't figure out what was keeping them up there," said Feichtinger. As he stood under a street light, he waved to the planes, and one briefly turned on what seemed to be floodlights.

Later, more aircraft, (as many as 11) appeared in the area. Other witnesses say they saw helicopters as well as 2 large airplanes. Lt. Kevin Gutknecht, a spokesman for the Air National Guard admitted that 2 C-130 cargo planes had been in the area and that one of the pilots turned on his landing lights. The spokesman added, however, that there were no other aircraft reported in the area, and that the 2 pilots did not see any strange lights in the sky. he seemed equally puzzled by the report of the UFO and commented "It doesn't sound like anything we have in the Minnesota military inventory.

1991 - On April 12, at 19.15,
Near Basildon, Essex, U.K., Mr. F. Calver, while driving home from work, noticed a large triangular dark shape moving across the sky. As he slowed down, he just had time to observe the object crossing the road in front of him. No noise could be heard as the UFO disappeared in the direction of Thames Haven. Duration of sighting: 2-3 seconds. There were lights at each of the 3 corners of the craft plus a larger one in the centre.

1991 - On April 14, at 6.00 p.m.,
Dave Harris, a local youth riding his bicycle towards Butleigh, England, U.K. heard a high pitched humming sound near an avenue of cedars which crossed the road. Looking up he saw what he described as a silvery bell-shaped craft stationary over the field to his left, perhaps 25 feet from the ground. Below it a spiralling vortex of "aura-like" light was making a circle in the early wheat which was scarcely a foot high. Amazed and distracted, he rode the bike into the side of the road, falling off onto the verge. The craft then flew off at high speed, and , apart from the hum, all he heard was a swishing noise as it scythed through the air. Although persons claimed later that they "knew who did it" or had seen "someone doing it", the circle dowsed like a genuine circle, by accomplished dowser, Hamish Miller.

1991 - On April 21, at 21.00,
Over Kent, U.K., Captain Achille Zaghetti, flying in an Alitalia MD-80 at 22,000 feet reported sighting a missile, light brown in colour and 3 meters long, flying in the opposite direction 1,000 feet above the airliner. Simultaneously, a faint radar image was detected 10 miles behind the plane on radar at London Air Traffic Control Centre, West Drayton.

Duncan Lennox, editor of "Jane's Strategic Weapons", said the description fitted that of a target missile or drone used for air defence practice, which are typically 3.5 metres long, turbojet powered, and fly at a speed of 400 mph. This would seem to be the explanation, since the incident occurred almost directly above Lydd Ranges, a Ministry of Defence firing range in Kent. The MoD, however, denied that any such missiles or drones were in use on 21 April. A spokesman said "Whatever (the pilot) might have seen, might have been something that was flying but was certainly not anything that was fired. It was Sunday. The only ranges we have in Kent area are Lydd and Hythe, and they are concerned with small arms only."

The spokesman added that remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) were sometimes used as targets for test firings, but never went to 22,000 feet. "Its absolutely in the middle of the busiest traffic area. People don't just fire missiles there, but of course, we do have quite a few UFO reports and often people who see these things describe them as missile- or cigar-shaped, or else round, and sometimes they do appear to be travelling with no means of propulsion."

1991 - On April 28,
The CLOUDS 1A (Cloud Logic to Optimize the Use of Defense Systems) payload was carried, along with others, aboard the Discovery Space Shuttle (STS-39) on the 12th flight of Discovery. CIRRIS was the primary payload, designed to collect image patterns using sensors immersed in 300 litres of liquid helium. The primary concern was to map the atmosphere's airflow and aurora, identifying the darkest spectral regions where tracking cool missile bodies would be most feasible. Both CIRRIS and CLOUDS observed terrestrial cloud images. The concern was that an enemy re-entry vehicle could eject propellants in an effort to confuse detectors. Similarly, obscuring gasses could be released by mid-course vehicles. Four cargo bay canisters carrying nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, xenon and neon gas were used to emit pollutants to test the strategy.

In other word, humans spent over $100 million to determine whether pollutants emitted by a human-designed spacecraft or satellite or projectile in flight would obscure its detection by sensors. If you were a visiting spacebeing what opinion might you have about humans who know that millions of their species are dying of hunger, that there is a serious overpopulation problem, and, that their military, industrial and consumer activities are destroying their environment?

1991 - On April 30, at 20.35,
Near Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, U.K., 3 witnesses, walking along the sea front noticed a large oblong object, the size of 2 double-decker buses, with 2 sets of yellow lighted "windows or portholes" along its side, out over the sea, moving from east to west. The object was estimated to be about 750 feet away, at an altitude of approximately 500 feet. No sound could be heard. It appeared to be hovering, then would move off at speed, stop, and hover again. It then returned to its original position, hovering for about 5 minutes, finally shooting off at speed towards Frinton-on-Sea.

A similar description was given of an object seen at Benfleet, Essex, on January 30, 1989.

1991 - By May,
G. Gordon Liddy involved in and convicted for his participation in the Nixon Administration Watergate Scandal, had served his sentence, and without regret, receives public acclaim. In what will become a syndicated radio program, Liddy will begin to encourage the use of violent and other destructive coping options for the individual responding to American federal authorities. A self-styled authoritarian and previous military officer, Liddy, when working in the Nixon White House, took seriously Jeb Magruder's casual remark of frustration in which he stated that it would "be nice if we could get rid of" columnist Jack Anderson. Liddy, the committed slave to any respected and acknowledged authority, had promptly began plotting to kill Anderson, only to be restrained by Magruder later.

During 1994, Liddy, with a wide minority following for his program, would be telling listeners to murder agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) Federal Department if they entered the listeners home without first showing full identification and receiving the listener's permission ("Head shots, head shots - kill the sons of bitches!"). With as much ease and cheerfulness, Liddy would laugh about the prospect of a listener using pictures of American President Clinton as shooting practice targets. Liddy would deny any responsibility for any of the violent actions exercised as he promoted. Such lack of self-awareness appears when humans use such obvious denials of the behaviours and mistakes which they have mirrored and been prosecuted for: the cold-blooded murder of a stranger whose popularity and image is a frustration to you.

1991 - On the evening of May 3/4, beginning at 23.39,
Mr T and Mr W, 2 security guards, were driving along the seafront at Southend-on-Sea, Essex, U.K., when they noticed an oval-shaped orange light out to sea which seemed to be keeping pace with them. They stopped the car for a better view, and the light stopped too. It seemed to be close to the Kent side of the Thames Estuary. The oval orange light appeared to have a glow around it. The witnesses also thought they could see other lights within the orange light, but could not be certain of this. They watched for about 5 minutes as the object remained hovering.

The security men had to check a building further down the road, so decided to drive on. The oval light again appeared to follow them, and on each occasion that they stopped and started, the light did likewise. On reaching the building, the men parked, with the light hovering in the distance. Ten minutes later, when they had completed their check, the men returned to their vehicle to find that the object had vanished.

Later that night, the same or a similar object was seen in the vicinity by two other security men. At 02.30, having finished their shift and driving home between Benfleet and Canvey Island, Essex, the witnesses were forced to make an emergency stop when a very large oval orange light shot across their field of view. The object was surrounded by a glow and seemed to be about 200 feet long and 50 feet wide. Coloured lights could be seen within the main orange glow. The silent object was estimated to be at an altitude of approximately 1,000 feet, an elevation of 45 degrees, and about a mile away. After 2-3 minutes, the object disappeared in the direction of Southend.

1991 - In May,
Robert Dean, a retired U.S. Army command sergeant-major, reported to a conference held in Tucson, Arizona, that NATO's supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) conducted a highly secret investigation into UFOs from 1961-64. Dean, who held a Cosmic Top Secret clearance at the time, claims to have read an 8-inch thick document (consisting mostly of annexes), which became known as "The Assessment". The study allegedly concluded that the Earth was under extensive surveillance by several advanced extraterrestrial civilizations.

1991 - On May 18,
Near St. Osyth, Essex, U.K., 3 men were fishing when they heard a buzzing sound at 00.30, followed by the sight of an object with lighted "windows" in the sky. It appeared as if "people" were looking out of the windows. Just as suddenly as it had appeared, it disappeared.

1991 - On May 20,
The crew of Southwest Airlines Flight 2408, en route from Cheng Du, Sichuan Province, to Sha Men, Fujian Province, saw a UFO above Ji Yong city, about 260 miles from Cheng Du. At about 10.00 p.m., the Boeing 707, encountered a large round, silver-coloured object to the right of the plane. As a safety precaution, the pilot tried to escape from the object by descending and turning off all lights. Four minutes later, the object went up into the clouds and disappeared. The UFO was also witnessed by the crew of Flight 154.

Thousands attending an official celebration in Sichuan Province saw "a UFO slowly spinning through the night sky" on the same date. The same UFO was believed to have been seen over the Tibetan district of western Xiancheng during a night rally to mark a political anniversary.

1991 - On the evening of May 22/23, between 23.40 and 00.40,
numerous witnesses in the Nottingham, U.K. area reported sightings of low-flying, brightly illuminated UFOs.
Mrs Elaine Buck of Gedling saw 2 lights resembling elongated triangles, making a faint humming sound. "The lights were very bright, almost like Concorde in shape, but rounded at the end. There were also red and green lights but the white ones were brilliant and lit up all the underneath."

Fifteen minutes later, Jack and Mavis Sargent saw the same or similar phenomenon as they were driving home in Arnold. "There were 2 diamond-shaped lights, about 1,000 feet up. I ran into the house (on arrival home) and got my binoculars, then I could see they were no more than a few feet apart. There was a low, humming or pumping noise ... Each object was about six times bigger than any aircraft, I know," Mr. Sargent reported. He rang his son in Arnold and he and his wife also observed it.

Derek Winfield of Ilkeston was the last to report a sighting at about 00.20, which lasted for 20 minutes. He was at work at Heanor Gate Industrial Estate when a workmate called him. They ran into the yard where they saw 2 big lights. His colleague shouted and waved at the objects as they came towards them. There, they stopped for a minute. "we must have been visible due to the floodlights. We got the impression that it was observing us," said Winfield. Reports also came in from witnesses in Beeston, Bestwood, Calverton, Kimberly and Heanor.

1991 - On June 5, at
Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, U.K., just after midnight, Mrs. P. was on her way home, having just left a friend's house. Walking down the street, she glanced up at the sky and saw a glowing orange ball of light, surrounded by a paler orange halo, moving from west to east along the sea front. She watched for at least 10 minutes, as the object moved back and forth and up and down, without any sound, below the cloud base. The object then suddenly shot straight up into the clouds and disappeared. For approximately a minute, the clouds retained an orange tint where the object had entered.

1991 - On June 15,
Mount Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, erupted and spewed 80 million tons of ash up to 18 miles up into the atmosphere. The resulting blockage of the Sun's radiation by the global encircling dust would cool the Earth's climate over the next 18 months. It was the largest such eruption in this century to date. There are 500 active volcanoes at any one time with up to 60 erupting each year.

1991 - On June 27, 1991,
Near Colchester, Essex, U.K., two witnesses were driving along the B1022 from Tiptree towards Colchester when they "saw a large, square-shaped object about 200 feet above a field on our right, approximately two fields away from us. It had 2 blue and 2 red lights, and was moving in the direction of Mersea Island. No noise was heard ..."

1991 - On July 16, in the evening,
Brian Grist, and two friends, Gary Hardwick and his girlfriend, Alison were cropwatching near Beckhanpton, England, U.K.. Crop circle pictograms had formed often in this area and various groups of watchers had been active for the previous month. Shortly before midnight, Brian and the others noticed lights silently traversing the sky. For the next hour they watched as white lights and lights which pulsed green, red and white moved to the north and to the south of them.

At one point, 2 of the 3 saw a large dark object travel overhead at high speed, again in total silence. One of the luminous objects became stationary and stayed in a fixed position for many minutes. There was no possibility that these objects were aircraft and on several occasions the pulsing lights came close to the spot where they were standing. The three watchers were quite shaken by this nocturnal display, which was unlike anything they had seen before. Some of the UFOs were seen in the direction of Barbary Castle.

1991 - On July 17, at 9.00 a.m.,
Richard Wintle, a photographer and his pilot were flying in a helicopter south of Swindon, England, U.K., close to Barbury Castle, an ancient Iron Age fort, when they discovered a large crop circle pictogram. The pilot knew from personal experience that the formation had not been there the previous day at 9 p.m.. It was very complex with considerable geometric precision, certainly impossible for a nature phenomenon and at odds with atmospheric plasma vortex theories.

It centred on a large equilateral triangle which enclosed a large double-ringed circle. Beyond the apexes of this triangle are rings or circles, each of a different design. The approximate separation of these is 330 feet.

Two other pictograms appeared in this area at the same time. One was helmet-shaped and located near Wootton Bassett, just a few miles away. The other was a long pictogram consisting of circles and rings in lines near Preshute Farm on the Marlborough Downs. Out of the end of this pictogram stretched a hand-like protrusion with 3 fingers. This was similar to the asymmetrical "keys" or "claws" of the 1990 pictograms in Wiltshire. At Preshute, the whole field was criss-crossed by narrow wavy lines which centred on the pictogram. It looked as if dozens of tiny beings had emerged from the formation and made their way off into the hedges and bushes nearby?

1991 - In the August issue of
"This Magazine", Noam Chomsky, American political linguist, continues to reveal the popular doublespeak of war and freedom:

o the political aim of the Gulf War was to leave a dictatorship in Iraq, nor necessarily Saddam Husein;

o the USA has probably killed as many Kurds and Shi'ites as Saddam Husein's forces have;

o the USA had no expressed dissatisfaction with Saddam Hussein before the invasion of Kuwait;

o neither Saudi Arabia nor Turkey want anything like a democracy to emerge.

1991 - On August 2,
The NASA/TRW TDRS 5 Communications Satellite was carried into space aboard the "Atlantis" Space Shuttle (STS-43) on its 9th mission. The satellite was raised, deployed with a spring release and its positioning rockets were fired several times to take it into a GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit). It would replace TDRS 3 which had lost its Ku-band capacity.

1991 - During August,
he U.S.S.R. is threatened with an attempted coup by conservative political supporters.

1991 - During August,
A Spaceship with 4 spacepersons lands on the deck of the USA aircraft carrier, "U.S.S. Nimitz".
The 4 crew on board the disabled spaceship are peacefully taken into custody by 13 Navy personnel. The 4-foot-tall beings would later be found only to want to return to their home. Despite several public requests for the spacebeings to be released, by 1995, the U.S. Government would maintain its rule of secrecy about such matters, the U.S. Navy would have dismantled the ship for purposes of reverse engineering, and, two of the beings would have died. The remaining prisoners had still been in a secret Maryland compound as of late 1993. The beings are bipedal, have large eyes and small openings for nose and mouth.

1991 - On September 1,
Cyril Hubbard, while harvesting in a field on his mother-in-law, Jennifer Skinner's farm, noticed two 15-foot-wide circles connected by paths to a 20-foot-wide circle. There were no tracks to the site suggesting that the flattening of the grain had been done from the air somehow. This was one of 6 "crop circle sites" that had appeared since August 21 in southern Alberta fields. In Canada, the first circles were reported in 1974. More than 1000 such events have been documented in Britain; others have been reported in Australia and the U.S.A..

1991 - On September 5,
The Soviet Union ceased to exist when the Soviet legislature voted to surrender power to a new republic-controlled government, which in turn recognized the independence of the 3 Baltic states.

1991 - By October,
The American movie, "The Rapture", was being widely distributed.

The movie depicted the "conversion" of an attractive North American woman from a life of sexual prostitution to one of a "saved Christian." The woman is suggestive of a rational stereotyping of such women who, rather than being "saved" - trade a sexual addiction dependency for an ultimate authority dependency. Because the words and behavioural patterns mirror those of numerous persons who appear to have embraced a more reverent and spiritual lifestyle, the character - through the medium of the movie - suggests that all "saved" humans are either naive and lacking in self-esteem in their acceptance of total personal denial, or, that they are experiencing unstable mental projections which provide them with personal hallucinations.

Commonly expressed abberations of the Christian teachings in the movie include:

1. Truth is rewarded for faith alone;

2. God forgives all who ask, whenever they ask;

3. God's master plan justifies the bad things which happen to good persons;

4. God tells those who love Him what to do and when;

5. All people who say they love God and His Son will go to heaven;

6. All "good" people who die have gone to the same heaven;

7. Heaven is "in the sky";

8. God's world is misery in which humans experience His "gift" of life;

9. The only true freedom of expression is the denial and rejection of God.

The main character in the movie leaves a relationship centred on sexuality and frequents a band of "Christian" followers guided by an apparent boy seer. She develops a relationship with a business executive who also becomes "converted" to the religious group which acknowledges personalized Guidance from God. The Converted man and woman marry and have a daughter. The husband, after trying to assist an alcoholic improve his job performance by conquering his addiction, becomes one of many staff murdered by the inefficient employee - who overreacts to being fired.

The mother feels that God is telling her to go out into the desert and wait with her daughter until they are "raised" into heaven in the near future. Forsaking all of their material possessions for security, the mother drives the daughter and herself into the desert where they begin to wait. Much waiting passes, relative to the brief wait expected, and the daughter grows impatient. The daughter does not understand the explanation of persons going to heaven immediately when they die, while the living must wait for either the rapture, when all forgiven and God-loving humans will be transported to heaven, or their own death - to reach heaven. The mother obsessively maintains that if both she and her daughter continue to love and be fully obedient to the hallucinated wishes of God, the covenant of God to take them to heaven will occur. She repeatedly "gives God one more chance" to fulfill this promise. Exhausted, hungry and in despair, the mother grants the wish of her daughter for a quicker journey to heaven by shooting the girl in the head and murdering her. The mother rejects murdering herself, pressed by the "rule" that to do so would deny her entry into heaven - where she believes her husband and daughter are now.

Stopped for speeding while driving her car at 100 mph, the concern of the police officer for the child eventually results in the mother's confession to the murder. She denies the goodness of God. In jail, the mother is approached by a woman who professes to be a "saved" Christian; the mother denies God again. On the day of the "Rapture", the bars fall away from the cells and the inmates and officers leave the jail. The police officer who earlier showed a interest in the mother and daughter, encourages the mother to leave the jail and presently the two ride away on his motorcycle. As the horseman of death approaches, the mother cries out against death for she is not ready. The daughter pleads with the mother to say that she loves God so that mercy will result in the mother joining her family in heaven. With self-pity, pride, and misunderstand - the mother denies God again - knowing that she will be left in darkness, alone, for eternity.

The portrayals in the latter one-third of the movie commonly spark debate among a number of theatre attendees - acknowledging that some people agree with the presentation - while others do not. A true religious belief in God and in Christ Jesus as a purveyor of a reverent Way of Life, had they been expressed, would have included the following:

1. Truth is rewarded to those who ask with humility and demonstrate faith;

2. God forgives the reverent and sincere who ask, and, change their actions;

3. Humanity's rejection of God's master plan results in the bad things;

4. When a human asks God for Guidance, the Holy Spirit communicates an option;

5. People who love God and His Son and follow the Way, will go to heaven;

6. Only God is capable of judging which humans are worthy of going to heaven;

7. There is more than one meaning in the use of the word "heaven";

8. Humanity's denial of God's direction makes Life miserable;

9. Freedom of expression requires responsibility and humility if it is to yield positive results.

1991 - On November 11,
The Unregulated Secondary Market in LDC Debt (Less Developed Country) which has grown in quantum leaps in the past 2 years, is now trying to impose its own set of rules. The trading in the impaired debt of LDCs, unknown a decade ago, now represents an annual volume of $200 billion in the major trading centres such as London, New York, Frankfurt and Tokyo.

The self-regulation initiative comes from the New York-based LDC Debt Traders Association, itself formed just a little more than a year ago by the major banks that dominate dealings in LDC assets. Regulation at the banking level could allow bankers to monopolize the market and turf out the independent market traders who now, ensure a legal separation of the banks from the market. The result, while streamlining the trading and reducing the paperwork and bureaucracy, would effectively reduce or eliminate both traders and entrepreneurs - who currently earn billions of dollars from the daily trading - and place the profits at the disposal of the banks. It would also eliminate the proliferation of fraudulent activities which have grown up on the fringes of the industry.

The move towards self-discipline comes on the heels of one of the biggest price collapses which has yet been seen by LDC debt trading markets, primarily the Brazilian obligations. The move is what bankers say is a credibility-building measure aimed at central bank regulators in major centers. By taking steps on its own, the association is attempting to bring order in an area of stabilization of documentation and procedures. The adoption of a new method of interest assignment will prove a major advance in the way that interest passes through the system, made up of about $500 billion in debt. LDC debt has become extremely profitable as Latin American economies in particular have recovered, and as Latin American investors have started to ship their flight-capital funds home from their overseas refuges.

The suggestion of self-regulation has traditionally been a way in which an entrepreneurial elite can obtain and retain a monopoly control over the market by influencing the applicable political system to be distracted from its leadership responsibilities. This is usually accomplished by setting restrictions which favour current membership.

1991 - In the November 13, edition of
"Personal Computer Markets", an article entitled
"Formula for success fails industry" included the following:

"Selling the right technology at the right price through the correct channel is the pc industry's formula for success. With only half of the final quarter of 1991 to go, it is evident that the pc industry has not got this simple formula right this year.

Take price. ...pc vendors cannot attract customers in sufficient numbers to consistently make profits. ... When vendors enter a market ... they often make price an issue ... (now) already undercut by competitive direct channels ... has forced ... dropping the term recommended retail price (RRP) ....

With price comes discount ... discounting ... sold through catalogue ... by up to 32% .... The impact these price cuts have on pc vendors is clear from their financial results ... pull down average business efficiency. Not only are prices depressed, but the management of pc companies is not up to the short-term task of controlling costs.

Pc companies have a better track of controlling technology. But they face competitive pressures ... And they have to pay for whatever advantage they get from technology. ...

Users are moving to smaller systems. Notebooks are taking over, ... Behind notebooks are notepad and palmtop PCs. ...

Technological advantages soon disappear in markets dedicated to industry standards. This leaves users choosing on the financial terms of the deal, expecting sufficient service from all suppliers (Open systems means less loyal users, ....)

Humans seem to be incapable, in modern times, of being aware that a factor in industry is that the seller of a form of technology only makes a profit for as long as the seller:

1. provides the best solution to a concern of the buyer;

2. has or shares control of the supply;

3. has a dependable source of supply (price and volume).

As capital intensive labour saving mass production results in decreasing numbers of, and, more sophisticated jobs, non-military associated employment drops and income levels within society increase in stratification into relative poor and wealth. Those in the latter have always occupied a markedly smaller number than those in the former. In capital-based economy systems the cost of living usually increases with time thereby having the influence of making the poor increasingly more dependent and deprived. The illusion of the many is that, as individuals, they can become a member of the few. This image is portrayed by cultural myth which the political and religious authorities and the mass media promote. Politically, educational institutions intellectualize about how the system is supposed to work for the benefit of all and use the example of several dozen individuals who became wealthy, as authority for such a belief. Religions often reinforce the political power for whose tolerance they are thankful, by presenting a morality (justification) for the means. Do the means always justify the ends?

In many examples, religious leaders and their representatives will suggest that the god of the religion will reward those followers who are dependable workers, providers and spouses and who maintain social order through deference to the status quo - with material benefit or sufficiency in this life or the next. Seldom is this the true representation of their theology; usually, the adherent is to be rewarded with spiritual peace and fulfillment in return for the humbling of oneself, not to a human authority - but to a spiritual representative of their god. For the majority of human institutionalized religions, that being is a Holy Spirit. Spiritual contentment is often NOT physical wealth. The mass media do their part to enhance the system which makes their industry possible by tending to applaud or disclaim individual examples of the "successful entrepreneur" where "successful" often means "materially profitable." Either form of attention serves to impress the existence of this minority as a major distraction on the minds of the many.

If all of these human authorities convey that the status quo is acceptable, and, the status quo, under the influence of increasingly desperate competition becomes increasingly lacking in standards, or indeed follow negative and destructive standards - anarchy results. Anarchy in a capitalist system will result in eventual political and social disintegration. The simple answer is that if humans must have such high densities of population, they must also have political systems for orderliness. The benefit of that orderliness will be directly dependent upon the standards upheld by the leaders of the society and by the awareness of the citizens as to what those principles really are. Their responsibility is to provide an expression of support, or, their substitution with another more acceptable leader. Failure to show the interest and willingly support or criticize their leaders and the policies of their nation makes the citizen responsible for all the deeds done in their name.

1991 - On November 24,
The USAF/TRW DSP 16 (Defense Support Program) early warning satellite was carried into space aboard the "Atlantis" Space Shuttle (STS-44) on its 10th mission. The $300 million, 2360 kg satellite was positioned over the Indian Ocean. DSP 16 is designed to detect ballistic missile launches and nuclear detonations. Redesign for deployment from the shuttle as opposed to the former regular Titan 4 rocket deployment raised the cost of this satellite from the usual $180 million; that is, it cost $120 million extra to deploy the satellite via an "economical" $100 million shuttle flight. The satellite was monitored and given commands from the USAF's Consolidated Space Test Centre in Sunnyvale, California.

1991 - By December,
The Reliance on Abortion as a method of Birth Control by humans has been extended to include 7 million abortions yearly in the USSR and over 1 million abortions annually in the USA. Some Soviet women admit to having had as many as 8 abortions. This political choice, for the monies and energies required to educate and develop alternative methods have not been provided, clearly demonstrates the lack of spiritual leadership and spiritual concern amongst the citizens of these two huge confederations. While trillions of dollars have been spent to develop new armaments, humans have spend almost nothing to research more constructive forms of birth control or in the education of sexual awareness. Most "modern", "highly educated" humans have a level of sexual awareness which is primitive by the standards of prehistoric humanity. Is there any wonder that the legacy of spousal, child, self, and elder abuse continues to grow in frequency, while depression is the most frequent complaint mentioned to North American doctors.

1991 - On December 6,
USSR satellite C2163 disintegrates into space debris.

1991 - During December,
The Soviet Union ceases to exist as a political entity.

1991 - During the year,
The USA Space Command observed about 600 rocket launches.
About 510 were non-satellite missile and rocket tests that rose high enough to trigger the warning system. The other 91 launches placed satellites into orbit, including 60 from the Soviet Union and other Communist nations. In addition, the behaviour of objects already in orbit must be constantly monitored; satellites foreign to any country make unexpected and unannounced manoeuvres.