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Memory Stimulators.
1941 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

The Parson of Panamint; Citizen Kane; The Maltese Falcon; Texas; Arizona; The Devil and Daniel Webster; Here Comes Mr. Jordon; Suspicion; Love on the Dole; The Lady from Cheyenne

1941 - By the beginning of the year,
Hans V. Tofte had offered his services to Britain.
He had returned to Denmark from the Far East when WWII started and joined the underground (covert activities). He quickly recognized that the Germans would not be defeated from within an occupied country, and, using forged papers, he escaped to Spain on a German plane. From there he made his way to the USA and contacted William Stephenson in New York - who ran British intelligence operations in America.

Tofte had left Denmark in the early 1930s, at the age of 19 for a career with the East Asiatic Company, a Danish shipping firm. Son of a Danish sea captain, he was sent to Peking to learn Chinese as the first part of his career. After 2 years, he had next been sent to Kirin, Manchuria, where he had worked for 8 years, travelling there and in the north part of Korea. Needless to say, Tofte was quite fluent in Danish, English, Chinese, and knew some Korean and Russian. Stephenson now sent him to Singapore, where he organized native crews to smuggle supplies over the Burma Road to the Chinese fighting the Japanese in the interior. He organized guerilla bands of tribesmen and fought actions against the Japanese.

1941 - In January,
U.S.A. President Roosevelt sets the stage for the formation of the later United Nations by proclaiming the 4 Freedoms in his message to the Congress. In 1942, the U.S.A. Declaration of the 26 Nations, would see the first formation of a group referred to as the United Nations. Agreement was made at that time that no nation at war with the Axis Powers would conclude a separate armistice. Military assistance for the U.S.S.R. was urged and establishment of a second battle front and intensification of atomic weapons research was decided on. During the next few months, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain would express enthusiasm and optimism regarding the possible development of a nuclear weapon.

1941 - During January,
Walter Bothe leaves Germany for the USA.
He had begun working with graphite as a moderator for fission within a uranium nuclear reactor.
Had Werner Heisenberg known and understood this to be a possibility, the Germans would have had a good potential for developing the atomic bomb first. Bothe further discovered that the graphite had to be purified of the Boron often found in it, for the Boron absorbed some of the desired neutrons making fission less likely.

1941 - Throughout the war,
Globes resembling Christmas Tree ornaments were seen hanging in the air over Germany.
These "Foo Fighter" balls would race alongside Allied Fighter aircraft, appearing suddenly and accompanying the aircraft for miles. It was believed at the time that these orbs were radio-controlled from the ground and were some sort of German secret weapon. Alien technology flying discs were also seen and possibly captured by the Germans, who mounted a program to construct such craft under the code name "Project V-7".

Designs for the flying disc were undertaken by the German experts Schriver, Habermohl and Miethe, and the Italian, Bellonzo. Habermohl and Schriver chose a wide-surface ring which rotated around a fixed, cupola-shaped cockpit. The ring consisted of adjustable wing-discs which could be brought into appropriate position for takeoff or horizontal flight. Working in Prague, they flew the first flying disc on February 14, 1945. Within 3 minutes, they climbed to an altitude of 12,400 meters and reached a speed of 2,000 Km/h in horizontal flight. Miethe developed a discus-shaped plate 42 meters in diameter in which adjustable jets were inserted.

Victor Schauberger, an uneducated but innovative genius, designed a flying disc which he built in 1941.
It had a diameter of 2.4 meters and was operated by an electric motor, obtained by courtesy of the Luftwaffe. It climbed up into the air so suddenly that it hit the workshop ceiling and crashed in pieces to the ground. The design used a suction-screw impeller, which revolved from the outside to the inside along a cycloid spiral space-curve, to generate a cyclonic lifting effect that imparted a tremendous thrust in flight.

1941 - During the War,
Almost 300,000 Civilian Girls and Women, mostly Koreans, were coerced into war-front brothels for the Japanese troops. Foreign conquest was becoming synonymous with sexual abstention; soldiers were increasingly away from home for longer periods of time and at greater distances. With the enhanced sexual drive which humans have and the sensual loneliness engendered by the harsh conditions of the battlefield, troops were becoming depressed, increasingly disposed to the rape of civilians, and increasingly vicious through emotional denial and frustration.

The answer devised by the military leaders was the provision of brothels staffed by captives - the treatment and future of which posed no concern to Japanese authorities. The choice of such a strategy was not uncommon in human history; it would be repeated by other aggressors through the 1990s.

1941 - In February,
Didier Bertrand's Magnesium and Life was published in French.
In it, Bertrand stated that each time wheat, maize, potatoes, or any other crop is harvested, elements in the earth used by the plants in their growth process are taken out. Since virgin arable soil contains from 30 to 120 kilograms of magnesium per hectare, Bertrand stressed that most of the earth's arable land should long since have been exhausted of this element.

Yet not only is this not the case, but in various parts of the world, such as Egypt, China, and the Po Valley in Italy, soils continue to remain highly fertile in spite of enormous quantities of magnesium taken from them through harvests of crops over thousands of years. In July, 1960, the work was published in English and Louis Kervan wondered if the reason was because plants could make magnesium from calcium or carbon from nitrogen.

If human civilizations which had used irrigation to build food surpluses, enabling a growth in the arts, technology, politics, bureaucracy and the military in the past had possessed "plant intelligence", their lands might not have become infertile and their culture extinct.

1941
Harold Urey proves the existence of Deuterium by the simple method of boiling liquid hydrogen, during which the light hydrogen goes away faster than the heavy hydrogen, leaving the liquid enriched with deuterium. Obtaining fairly pure deuterium would no longer be a difficulty. If a fission bomb could be produced, the tremendous energies produced might be adequate to ignite a (larger) fusion reaction. Regular hydrogen would be too slow in react for the fusion process. Its isotope deuterium, being lees stable, would emit electrons readily with plenty of energy. Enrico Fermi suggested this possibility for fusion to Edward Teller, who after doing his calculations, did not think sufficient heat would be released by the nuclear fission reaction.

1941 - On March 1st,
Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the German Police, ordered that the design of the Berkinau internment camp be increased from a capacity of 100,000 to 125,000. The architect simply entered the figure of 744 over the previous 550 capacity on the drawings; no dimensions were changed. The camp would cover at least an area of 1100 metres by 200 metres. The response was greater than had been expected. The Jews had been told one of several rationales including the suggestion that they were being relocated to a safer area than their homes - away from the dangers of the war. Other allies were also happily contributing Jews, dissidents, and the "genetically" ill from their populations.

Himmler expected that there would be a need for the larger camp as more and more Jews and dissidents were being collected across western Poland while poor German serfs from eastern Poland were being repatriated onto the newly available lands to become new landowners. In addition, Himmler had become aware of the difficulties arising from the use of German SS extermination squads which were deployed behind the front lines of the German troops invading the USSR. In just one of many instances, 20,000 civilians, mostly Jews, had been rounded up from towns and farms near Riga, taken to a forest, shot within sight of other locals, and dumped into mass graves.

These activities were becoming "complicated" by the presence of surviving witnesses and because not every SS trooper was prepared for such a magnitude of personal participation in individual murder of women, children and men. With the fatality rate being so high at Auschwitz, the design of a larger crematorium was mandated for the new camp. It would house 5 ovens, each with 3 loading doors - all utilizing one chimney. They would serve 2 underground morgues, each of which would terminate at one or either of the ends of the incinerator building and on the same level as the fireboxes.

The rationalized-as-efficient design was simply to provide barracks for the expected 100,000 inmates, the largest camp which had been planned to date. This intellectualized design by a young architect included open front barracks with habitation spaces which were the size of coffins; no context of privacy; no utilities: 400 defecation holes in planking were provided in 2 rows over a trench. With no form of sewage disposal, dysentery and typhus would take the lives of many.

1941 -
Sir Norman McAlister Gregg (1892-1966) an Australian ophthalmologist, discovers that an unusual number of infant patients, born with cataracts, had been conceived during a 1940 rubella epidemic. Rubella (German measles, 3-day measles) would then be known as dangerous to the unborn. Unlike mumps and common measles, rubella seldom evokes severe symptoms in the 20% of North Americans who escape it in childhood and catch it as adults. A totally different disease, caused by an unrelated virus, is the "red" or "seven-day" measles which doctors call rubeola.

Doctors would begin to look for such patterns with other illnesses including heart defects, limb abnormalities, deafness and mental retardation. Such damage occurs in about 50% of fetuses whose mothers had rubella during their first 6 months of pregnancy. It is important to note that measles is a viral disease: some viruses can change genetic characteristics.

1941 - On March 18,
William Donovan proposed a centralized intelligence organization to President Roosevelt on his return from a 3 month tour of British intelligence facilities. Army and Navy military intelligence department both opposed Donovan's proposals yet the most important principle for any military commander is the security-of-forces principle - the protection of his forces from the enemy - and intelligence is a key element in this. When asked by the President, J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the F.B.I., added his disapproval of the idea to that of the other departments. Roosevelt asked Donovan for a proposal, mindful of her election 6 months earlier before which he had pledged to not send any Americans into any foreign wars.

Donovan was a classic example of an American lawyer's activity: finding ways of doing things through the back door; reviewing legal precedents in order to find a way to circumvent the need for congressional approval. Donovan proposed that the President should control the new agency and have complete discretion over its funds, which should remain secret. The President's secret fund that year was over $100 million of which less than 1-1/2 million would go to the COI for its first budget.

The new agency would not take over any of the duties of the current F.B.I., nor the intelligence organizations of the Army and the Navy. It should, however, have sole responsibility over overseas intelligence work, and it should coordinate, classify, and interpret for the President information from these sources. It was to be monitored by an advisory committee consisting of assistant-secretary, or higher, officials of the State, War, Navy, Treasury, and Justice departments.

It was to be involved in the interception of and inspection of ... Mail and cables; the interception of radio communication; the use of propaganda to penetrate behind enemy lines, the direction of active subversive operations in enemy countries. J. Edgar Hoover lobbied for the F.B.I. to continue to have jurisdiction in South America. Roosevelt approved and appointed Nelson Rockefeller as co-ordinator of inter-American affairs at the same time that he appointed Donovan COI.

Donovan did not want the position of running the proposed agency; however, on July 11, 1941, Roosevelt would meet with Donovan and appoint him coordinator of information. He was to act as the President's chief intelligence officer and coordinate the analysis and collection of information. Donovan became the first to head the Office of the Coordinator of Information (COI).

Donovan's lawyer's background was reflected in his emphasis on analysis of information and not just its collection. Donovan overwhelmed people with information. In his law cases, he would assemble all the relevant information he could find and then devote himself to analyzing it. From that analysis would come his argument and his evidence, each point being carefully prepared and exhaustively sustained by the material he had assembled. It was an encyclopedic approach. His weak sense of the crucial point in an argument was matched by his overpowering evidence. He had the American, and Russian tendency to reach for quantity in a crisis rather than subtlety of approach.

He had a wave theory of intelligence gathering: the first was the collection and analysis of information; the second was commando action to test enemy defenses; and the third was the invasion force. In each wave, intelligence played a vital role. The downfall of such a system is that if the crucial point of the task is lost in the mass of information, idiosyncrasies and spurious conclusions can be used to focus the direction of the rationalizations to support decisions which are, in appearance, fully backed by the data, yet totally unjustified and even counterproductive.

Donovan recruited a lot of people out of the social class he looked up to: academics and specialists from monied, influential families with a high standard for patriotism. Initially, many paid their own expenses, might even work for nothing, kept regular hours and worked hard. Some had little practical experience in the unsheltered world of the common individual to provide a baseline to their imaginative theories. Hollywood film directors joined to make films. Donovan emphasized the importance of radio as the "most powerful weapon" in the "psychological attack against the moral and spiritual defenses of a nation" and set up the Foreign Information Service, an outright propaganda and misinformation agency within the COI.

1941 - In March,
Alfred Korzybski, American semanticist, wrote the following as part of the conclusion to his introduction to his second edition of "Science and Sanity":

"... under present world conditions the role of government is becoming more and more difficult and important. With all modern complexities it is impossible for government men to be specialists in every field of science, and therefore they must depend on professional experts attached to the government , not only in the fields of chemistry, engineering, physics, agriculture, etc., which they already utilize; but also in anthropology, neuro-psychiatry, general semantics, and related professions.

Therewise, the governments will indefinitely play the role of the blind leading the blind.
It is unreasonable to wait 10 or 20 years to learn by bitter experience how short-sighted and incompetent our governments have been. Why not utilize some human intelligence, proper evaluation, etc., toward which extensional methods lead, and thereby have some predictability. This is an imperative, immediate need.

We should not delude ourselves.
Once the psychopathological misuses of neuro-semantic and neuro-linguistic mechanisms have been so successfully introduced, they will remain with us unless reconstructive and preventive governmental measures are undertaken by experts, at once."

And earlier in the Introduction:
"We argue so much today about 'democracy' versus 'totalitarianism'.
Democracy presupposes intelligence of the masses; totalitarianism does not to the same degree.
But 'democracy' without intelligence of the masses under modern conditions can be a worse human mess than any dictatorship could be. ... we human after these millions of years should have learned how to utilize the 'intelligence' which we supposedly have, with some predictability, etc., and use it constructively , not destructively , ...."

Korzybski saw the reactionary actions taken by modern politicians of the time and the ineffectiveness of a dependent population following poorly informed, prejudiced and authoritarian leaders. To avoid catastrophe for humanity, he saw that dramatic social changes needed to be made globally. Trying to provide this awareness to those who are the cause of the problem when circumstances dictate the highest of stress factors is an unlikely solution. For Korzybski, it was the only hope for humanity. Again, no one would listen. Indeed, he would be ridiculed for daring to criticize democracy, his government, politicians, and the average citizen - even if his criticism was correct.

1941 - During the year,
Henry R. Luce, an American publisher, announces that it is high noon of the American Century; various businessmen begin stressing the need to become "missionaries of capitalism and democracy." Shortly afterwards, a leading oil-industry leader asserted that America "must set the pace and assume the responsibility of the majority stockholder in this corporation known as the world."

1941 - During March,
The USA passes the Lend-Lease Act.
Using the powers of the president, the President is empowered to supply war materials "to any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States" and without immediate payment. Japan, frustrated by several years of economic restraint in SE Asia and China because of American threats, would understand this action as a declaration of war. From their view, the USA was continuing in its usual cowardly manner. Instead of sending its own troops into battle and declaring war outright, it was equipping the military of other nations to fight on its behalf.

The Japanese saw the Americans as hypocrites who decried the imperialism of other nations who sought to occupy territory and control economies, while it sought to dominate economies by insisting upon free access and then manipulating the nations involved out of the profits of such enterprise. It was all the same to the Japanese who would make future decisions about involvement with the USA: the USA had openly declared itself to be an enemy; the USA had contracted mercenary armed forces for its benefit; the intent of the USA was to monopolize the world economy.

1941 - By April,
"Zyclon B", a pesticide, was being considered by German internment camp administrators as a potential gassing agent to murder Jewish captives and Russian prisoners. With an active agent of hydrogen cyanide, the chemical had been used in the camps for delousing the inmates.The crystals evaporated at a temperature of 27 degrees celsius. The camp buildings were unheated except for human heat.

1941 - In April,
Arthur Compton, chairman of the physics department at the University of Chicago, is asked by the National Academy of Sciences to head a committee to assess whether nuclear research could be important to the military within the probable time span of the war. British reviews were more optimistic than the American ones. His committee recommends cautiously and favourably that a central laboratory be set up for the production of a plutonium bomb. It estimated that the project would take 3 to 5 years and cost several 100s of millions of dollars. It took 4 years at a cost of 400 million dollars. The report was sent to the President who appointed the S-1 Committee to see the recommendations were carried out. Compton was made responsible for the development of the bomb and the University of Chicago was chosen as the location for the laboratory.

1941 - During May,
The BLONDS complete their consideration of cooperative efforts with the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A..
These considerations began in December 1940.
BLONDS can communicate by mind reading and have carried out their investigations by situating themselves close to political, religious and military leaders in the countries of focus.

After the suicide of his wife in 1932, Stalin became an alcoholic, the only consistent symptoms of which were an inability to consider abstract questions and answers. Consideration of questions became an authoritarian leap of imagination based on internal anxieties surrounding suppressed feelings of guilt - over the suicide of his wife and the iron fist approach he followed to "save" his country. Innuendo, suspicions and behavioural or verbal suggestions of concern by others were interpreted frequently as opposition leading to some form of exile or execution of the parties concerned. Almost before the situation was fully described, Stalin had decided whether the person was guilty or not; no amount of investigation or testimony could change the intolerance of his imaginative decision.

The BLONDS quickly detected this trait plus the fact that he was the only person in a position of leadership in the U.S.S.R. capable of making a political agreement with them. They declined further association with U.S.S.R. leaders until after Stalin's death in 1953.

The U.S.A. government would be considered, with caution, until 1948.
The BLONDS became aware of the hypocracy of their idealism as historically demonstrated in their broken treaties and agreements with the aboriginal tribes and nations as well as towards the afro-americans and the intolerance of "melting pot" ethnic solutions. To the BLONDS, ostracism on the basis of a contrived ideal, Americanization, was almost as negative as privilege by virtue of Germanic appearance.

1941 - On June 22,
Germany invades the USSR without a declaration of war. Rumania, Italy, Slovakia, Hungary and Finland joined the war on the German side.
A German-USSR economic agreement had been concluded on January 10, 1941.
Hitler made no attempt to conceal the German military buildup on the Soviet frontier; indeed its scale was such that it could not be hidden. But Hitler created the impression - and Stalin chose to believe - that there would be some specific German ultimatum that would trigger a negotiation rather than a war. The use of deception in politics and war is hardly new. Stalin would be hardened more in distrust of friend, stranger and foe.

A public defence committee is formed to serve as the Soviet War Cabinet.
Stalin is both chairman and People's Commissar for Defence; Molotov, Voroshilov, Beria and Malenkov are the other members. It is decided that the country will be defended by the "scorched earth" policy whereby all crops and supplies of potential benefit to the enemy would be burned during retreat or evacuation.

1941 - In late June,
Stalin institutes a no-surrender policy throughout the armed forces.
Fueled by revenge for having been deceived by Hitler, Stalin tells the troops that anyone who allows himself to be captured will be considered a traitor. Stalin knows from "The Art of War" that a soldier will fight most fiercely and with the greatest determination against overwhelming odds if he knows that he has no escape except victory. The no-surrender policy provides this.

Stalin employs the secret police and propaganda departments to ensure that as many atrocities as possible, committed by the advancing Germans or not, receive the maximum of publicity and that the Germans are blamed for them whether they were responsible or not. Stalin also uses the methods of Hitler to focus the unity of the Soviet troops by having all of them shout that they are fighting for Stalin (Man of Steel) and for Russia when they face the enemy.

The Soviet peasant and farmer, as usual only had wanted to carry on a simple, comfortable, orderly life.
They had come from a long history of periodic abuse from invaders. Now the Germans were invading them, killing their friends and relatives, stealing their crops and killing their animals. The fear and the frustration, building for centuries - now became rage. Yet, for military victory over a superior army, Stalin knew that he had to focus and intensify that rage further.

Allowing a multitude of nationalities to believe that they were each fighting for their own soviet (state) or their ethnic group would provide the basis for anarchy amongst the troops. One group would eventually quarrel with other groups about who fought harder, who had lost the most men, who were the biggest cowards, who they would take orders from, which was better than the other. And while they quarrelled and debated, the Germans - a unification of a multitude of small states into one nation with one language and a composite culture - would slash them to shreds.

So, as the Americans had united 48 states under one national name; the Germans had united 1 empire, 5 kingdoms, 1 elected duchy, 7 grand duchies, 7 duchies, 14 principalities and 4 free cities under one national name; the Russian empire would be re-formed of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Transcaucasian S.F.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the White Russian S.S.R., the Usbek, Turkmenian and Tajikistan S.S.R.s. To survive, they would have to fights as one and set aside their cultural and language differences: They would be "Russian".

The formula for human war:
1. Provide intense continuous ANGER to build hatred;
2. Use HATRED to motivate to kill and brutalize ruthlessly;
3. Build on the accumulated RAGE of previous unresolved abuses through propaganda and the sanction (reward for) of killing;

4. Add COURAGE through the shame of exclusion from and the privilege of membership in a group;

5. Set NARROW STANDARDS in order to subvert personal authority; (bravery and heroism, treachery and cowardice);

6. Use CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY to concentrate and direct destruction, violence and reaction efficiently against other political structures.

1941 - During the year,
Dick Williams, a 15-year-old in Appleton, Wisconsin, U.S.A. interested in short-wave radio construction, accidentally finds a wavelength of magnetic frequency which every time he transmitted it shorted every motor-driven vehicle using the ignition system for a radius of 3 miles. He also found that motors of planes flying over his house were also shorted. The local airfield had made a record of the phenomenon several times.

1941 - During June,
The Possibility of Nuclear Chain-reactions in Uranium was the subject of a scientific paper published in the Soviet Union by Yakov Zeldovich and Yuly Khariton. Another paper, on the spontaneous decay of uranium, written by Georgi Flerov, would appear before the end of the year.

1941 - By July,
"The Hermitage", the largest and most famous Soviet Union museum, located in Leningrad is prepared against war.
2 million artworks are loaded on 3 trains and two are sent eastward to secret locations.
2000 staff will live in the basement throughout the winter.
This winter will become one of the coldest on record for people.
The assault on Leningrad will be called off in October, by which time many of the building's windows have been blown out by nearby exploding bombs. Some snow will drift into the building over the winter and extensive repairs and refinishing will be required. In what will become a 900-day seige of Leningrad-Stalingrad, over 1 million civilians will die. At least 475,000 will be buried in ONE mass cemetery.

1941 - On July 12,
A British-Soviet Union Alliance is concluded against Germany.

1941 - On July 26,
All Japanese assets in the Philippines were frozen and the Panama canal closed to Japanese shipping by order of USA President Roosevelt. Fearing war in southeast Asia, the President had blocked access to oil in the Dutch East Indies to the Japanese. The Japanese, dependent upon external natural resources for their economy had been concerned about continued access to adequate supplies of oil and other resources to keep its economy improving. Blocking those resources effectively placed Japan in a struggle for survival. Japan saw itself as doing nothing different than most other large nations in the world had done: monopolize, occupy or conquer smaller or weaker human political structures and use their resources to enrich themselves.

General Douglas MacArthur now donned his wartime image for the media: corncob pipe, military uniform, gold encrusted cap and aviator's glasses. He effected "Plan Orange", first devised in 1904, for the defense of the Philippines. It called for American and Filipino soldiers to fight a holding action on the Bataan Peninsula till the Great American Fleet arrived with reinforcements and supplies. It had not been a strategy for use during a global war. A new plan, Rainbow Five had been drawn up by the British and Americans in the fall of 1940, but nothing was yet official and it had not been presented to MacArthur.

Adolph Charles Weidenbach, the bastard son of a German ropemaker who had arrived in the USA in 1910, at the age of 18, had joined the USA Army as a private. When he won a posting, he changed his name to "Charles Willoughby". He was a master at writing the communiques favoured by MacArthur, and, in addition, spent as much time in ghostwriting articles. Willoughby acted as the press agent for MacArthur and helped him build his image and influence. He also carried out extensive historical, political, and military research for MacArthur at a time when the USA armed forces and government had nothing of a coordinated intelligence gathering network.

After the end of the War, Willoughby would become a Major General and the chief intelligence officer of the USA Far East Command intelligence section, G-2. As his authority and visibility grew, so also did his background - both specifically and in deliberately vague ways. He occasionally declared that he was the son of a German baron, a refugee from undefined political persecution.

Both Willoughby and MacArthur preferred to gather intelligence through attaches, through interrogation of prisoners, through captured documents; they put little faith in "deep-cover" agents who used positions of influence to gain access to confidential materials. Such individuals could easily become double agents. At the same time, Willoughby was learning the patterns of MacArthur: what he wanted to hear and when to shut up.

1941 - From July 1941 to February 1945,
The U.S.S.R. "MAX Case" deception operation was active.
During this period, also, the NKVD (The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) was again split between the NKVD, under Beria, and the NKGB (The People's Commissariat of State Security), under Merkulov. The Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact of August 23, 1939 came to an end when Germany invaded the U.S.S.R. on June 22, 1941.

The German invasion happened without a declaration of war.
Military intelligence operations had suggested since early in the year that the U.S.S.R. was on a list of invasion targets which Hitler held. Throughout the early part of the year, Stalin sought reassurances of the German intention and as late as May, he was told that the U.S.S.R. was of no concern to Germany.

The MAX Case involved an agent network allegedly working in the U.S.S.R. that supplied the German Abwehr with wireless communications (via Sofia to Berlin). Two of the principals in the case, Anton V. Turkul and Ilya Lang, were former White officers who were suspected of having been recruited by the NKVD. Turkul had been a member of the Inner Line of the ROVS (Russian Armed Forces Union) with links to General Skoblin. The reputed MAX was one Fritz Kauder, alias Klatt, A Viennese Jew with connections to both Turkul and the Abwehr.

The MAX reports dealt with Soviet military matters, strategic and tactical, and were accepted at face value by Gehlen, the Abwehr, and the German General Staff, despite suspicions voiced by others. NKVD Chief Beria is believed to have personally controlled the Moscow end. Several thousand MAX messages were transmitted to Berlin. The Germans were frequently confronted at critical junctures with more Soviet forces than they had estimated, while the Soviets are reported to have sacrificed considerable numbers of troops to validate the MAX reports. Following the war, U.S. military intelligence discovered the network and determined that Turkul and Lang were Soviet agents and was convinced that Kauder, too, was run by the Soviets.

Reinhard Gehlen and the German High Command had a tendency to rely on MAX because it confirmed German estimates of Soviet strategic intentions, itself an indication of probable Soviet penetration of the Germans. The British MI-5 (military intelligence) intercepted some of the messages being passed from MAX and passed them to the Soviet controller only to be told that Moscow was fully aware of what was going on. From that point, MI-5 assumed that the MAX affair was a major Soviet deception operation whose costs in Soviet manpower were sacrificed to promote the deception underscoring its strategic utility.

The MAX Case confirms the degree of deception, callousness, and intellectualization which large political states require to unify and control large numbers of people who do not share an identical heritage while at the same time seeking to protect them from the probable advances of other large nations which seek to take over the leadership of the enslaved persons. As long as there are separate large human populations which aggregate the power of technology, military, and/or economic forces - there will be a natural evolvement of the fears associated with these activities.

Enslavement happens anywhere that the self-responsible individual is directly or indirectly subverted to the will of a large bureaucratized authority for such authorities have the goal of system survival, not person- nor humanity-survival. The Vatican was the first to have the modern history opportunity to use mass media to spread its ideology and disinformation. With more avenues of mass communication and easier access to the individual, Britain next became expert at manipulation of public motivation through deception for state success. From the British example, Germany learned and perfected the techniques. From the German example, particularly, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. have adopted the techniques of mass manipulation - and perfected them much further. The truism now exists:

THE INDIVIDUAL WILL NEVER KNOW WHAT INFORMATION IS CORRECT NOR WHO
CAN BE TRUSTED, NOR AT WHAT POINT THE INFORMATION IS CORRECT,
APPLICABLE, OR COMPLETE - EXCEPT BY SPIRITUAL CONFIRMATION.

1941 - On July 30,
The USA Offers to Provide War Materials to the USSR.
Supplies to assist the Soviet Union are delayed and do not dependably reach the USSR until the summer of 1942, AFTER 1 million civilians have died in defense of Leningrad.

1941 - On August 2,
A gigantic Soviet sabotage operation was carried out in eastern Manchuria.
A number of Japanese fuel and ammunition dumps were blown up, devastating an area more than seven miles across. At the very least, this explosion must have delayed the Japanese timetable and preparations for war and could have been responsible for inhibiting a possible Japanese thrust into Siberia.

1941 - During August,
Station M, a propaganda and intelligence document laboratory, was set up in Canada for British and Canadian use.
RCMP Inspector George B. McClellan and Toronto stockbroker Thomas Drew-Brook assembled a team of paper experts, chemists, and "two splendid ruffians who could reproduce faultlessly the imprint of any typewriter on earth." Documents were produced to discredit the Nazis and to alarm North Americans.

One set of documents faked a provocative map which purported to show Hitler's plans for a Nazi Latin America.
This map was dramatically described to a shocked American public by President Franklin Roosevelt in a speech in October, 1941. The efforts of the group were well known to British Intelligence Agent G. 106, Eric Maschwitz.

Agent G. 106 and his colleagues were busy as well, producing disinformation, for you must have hatred in order to have a sound human war. Testimony and photographs of German atrocities would be rare until the end of the War. in the meantime, disinformation fed to the public was rationalized as necessary to bridge the period until true examples would be available. Enemy diplomatic phones were bugged and what was learned was relayed to the press.

A number of pro-war organizations were covertly financed.
Adolf Hitler's former astrologer was hired and paid to predict the Fuhrer's doom in the American press.
Rumours were circulated about the depravity of the Nazis. Considerable effort was made to find and present pictures of German atrocities to the North American press.

1941 - On August 14,
A Military Agreement is concluded between the USSR and the Polish government in exile (London, England).
Polish prisoners of war in the USSR are to be allowed to organize in military formations and assist in driving back the Germans, In exchange German-Soviet agreements relating to the partition of Poland are to be revoked. A Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Aid will be concluded between the two on December 4th.

1941 - By September,
Refugees entering Britain from Europe reach over 23,000 in total.
Most are suspected of being Nazis. 2,000 males are deported to Canadian prisoner of war camps. Enroute, 600 drown when one of the transfer ships is sunk by a German U-boat.

1941 - During September,
The First Gassing of Prisoners by the Germans was carried out at Auschwitz.
600 Russian prisoners and 300 Jewish inmates were locked in small rooms in a cellar into which canisters of the pesticide, Zyclon B, had been placed. Since the unheated cellar rooms had to reach a temperature of 27 degrees celsius for the gas to be effectively liberated, the human heat required of the prisoners for the operation resulted in some individuals taking 2 days to die.

1941 - During September,
Neils Bohr, astronomer and physicist, and Werner Heisenberg, German physicist have a discussion.
Acquaintances since 1922, Heisenberg, who is head of the Nazi nuclear weapons program, in his enthusiasm, describes some of his current theories and work. At one point, Heisenberg describes using plates of uranium suspended in heavy water. Bohr, more a talker than a listener, remembers the general elements of the discussion but believes that nuclear "energy" is an impossibility.

1941 - On October 12,
Peter L. Kapitza, one of the leaders of Soviet physics, at an international "anti-Fascist meeting" of scientists in Moscow, in commenting on what scientists could do to help the war effort said:

"In recent years a new possibility - nuclear energy - has been discovered. 

Theoretical calculations show that, if a contemporary bomb can for example destroy a whole city
block, an atomic bomb, even of small dimensions, if it can be realized, can easily
annihilate a great capital city having a few million inhabitants."

Other Soviet scientists urged their political leaders to lose no time in developing a uranium bomb.

1941 - By November,
Jewish Capital Deposited in Swiss Banks had accumulated to at least USA $10 million.
It has become illegal and dangerous to smuggle possessions out of Nazi Germany and many European countries are supporting the Nazi led segregation of and discrimination against Jews. Many will use numbered accounts and false names to try to preserve their savings in the Swiss vaults. Proof of inheritance will later be difficult or impossible to verify as such documents would be destroyed for almost 7 million Jews by the destruction of the bombing of German civilians by the Allies, the seizure and burning of such documents by the Nazis, and the attempted genocide carried out in the Polish concentration camps.

In the 1960s, the Swiss parliament would pass a law forcing the banks to admit that they held up to $10 million in assets belonging to Jewish WWII victims. By the time it expired in 1974, about 1,000 of 7,000 claimants would be able to prove their right to about $7 million of the assets (repaid without interest) through their relationship to the original depositor. Persons living in, or whose relatives and original depositors lived in Soviet Union of East European countries prior to and during WWII, would not be acknowledged as claimants until after the apparent political disintegration of the Communist union.

By 1995, global banking reserve weaknesses will force the Swiss banks to consider all means which are available for the attraction of new capital in the hope that an increase in deposits will prevent a global banking collapse. The Swiss government will then apologize publicly, for the first time, for its manipulation of the rights of Jewish depositors since the War and try to assist those still trying to obtain family inheritances. By that time, the secreted capital, with the monies earned from compounded interest, together with the monies earned from covert bank investment by way of use for collateralization - the total capital involved would equal not less than 2.5 trillion dollars. Agreeing to cooperate with the Jewish claimants becomes an ideal way of avoiding an outright inquiry by redirecting everyone's attention to the legalistic and bureaucratic details of such a search.

1941 - Near the end of the year,
The American Development of Electromagnet Propulsion was given the highest of secrecy and a high priority.
Over the next decade, over $2 billion dollars would be spent on research for this project.
The attraction was the potential of using a form of propulsion which might be noise-free, non-dependent upon fossil fuel use, afford attractive military uses in aircraft and submarines for longer duration and faster speeds of use. The inability to produce and manufacture superconducting materials, lightweight non-ferrous high flux magnets, and the conflict between operation and use would eventually see the end of the program. It became aware to the designers that the nature of the theorized propulsion would make it unsuitable as a base for military weapons. Both would not operate together. In addition, the high negative stress on the humans involved in the project and their constant intimacy with electromagnetic field resulted in a number of cases of environmental hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields.

The concept of this "illness" would not be recognized for a further 20 years; the true explanation of it would not be known for 45 years. The chronic Symptoms of the illness include headaches whenever near an electromagnetic field. Such fields are generated from any device which utilizes or produces electromagnetic force. These include such common devices as the telephone, clothes washers and dryers, microwave ovens, components of most combustion engines including cars and trucks, loudspeakers and hi-fi systems, radios and televisions, fluorescent light fixtures and many modern kitchen devices. Such individuals would be forced out of this type of research and could become unemployable.

Concern for the loss of scientists from the field after 10 years led to the supposition that the energy fields associates with the research were hazardous to human health. A research project which has provided no social or political merit and which has cost so much would prove an embarrassment if publicized. Some of the research results would become part of American Black (Undisclosed and Secret) Operations conducted for the remainder of the century. Most of the equipment and results of the project would be disassembled, disbursed, reassigned, remanufactured, discarded, or destroyed. You can't hold someone responsible for a mistake that never happened.

1941 - Late in the year,
"Camp X" was set up near Whitby, Ontario, Canada.
The RCMP would help British Intelligence set up a training camp for Special Forces and spy training.
British and American agents would be trained at Camp X. Following the War, the Canadian Government would mandate that the Camp be closed and that covert forces in Canada be disbanded.

1941 - On November 26,
A MOST SECRET Memo regarding Atrocity Photographs was exchanged between British Secret Agent 106 Eric Maschwitz, a song writer and mass media professional, and British Intelligence. The memo outlines the requirements and expected procedures and personnel which would be utilized to fake photos of German atrocities in Canada. In part, the memo, first made public in 1995, stated:

"With reference to our recent conversation on (atrocity photographs), I have given some thought to the matter and have come to the following conclusions: -

1. If asked to do so, my Section could quite easily provide a regular supply of atrocity pictures, manufactured by us in Canada.

2. That existing pictures available from occupied territory are so indifferent in quality, owing to over-reproduction, that it would be useless to attempt to use these as a basis for "fakes" and that, therefore, we should make new photographs, using models, etc.

3. That any scheme for a regular supply of pictures would require the full-time services of a first-class photographer and dark room man, and of someone with the right talents and experience to devise, pose and supervise the pictures. I have no doubt that as far as the working photographer is concerned we can get an absolutely first-class one in Canada itself ... and if the scheme is approved we should arrange to send someone out on the job, preferably someone of an imaginative nature who has film studio experience. It occurs to me that this might be an ideal post for Captain F.W. Elles, who has been connected for many years with the films and is, as I happen to know, a very keen amateur photographer. ...

4. That the making of such pictures would involve the buying and hiring of costumes, the manufacture of small pieces of scenery and of dummies, the part-time services of a first-class make-up man, etc., all of which should be, for safety, carried out under some sort of cover. As it happens, Mr. John Grierson, who is now Film Adviser to the Canadian Government in Ottawa, is an old friend of mine, and I think that, with discretion, we could call upon him to give us assistance. Commissioner (Stuart T.) Woods of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police would also, I know, be keen to co-operate - I think we could rely on him not only for protection in our work but to provide us with men whom we could use in the pictures.

5. That for the sake of accuracy we should be provided from some source with as complete a library as possible of photographs of German personnel, equipment, vehicles, etc., and that, if possible, we should have specimens of German steel helmets, equipment, weapons, etc., to serve as models.

6. That obviously the scheme would involve the expenditure of a certain amount of money. ... I could draw up a rough estimate.

... the most obvious setting for atrocity pictures at the moment is Russia, so that we should get to work while there is still snow in Canada. ... I have no doubt that , as already in the case of 'Station M' we shall find willing and trustworthy helpers among the Canadians."

Ten other documents supporting the action of the proposal are still hidden (in 1995) behind government secrecy. The Canadian Government, under the leadership of Mackenzie King, had forbidden engaging in obvious propaganda for fear of reopening criticism of its participation in anti-German campaigns during WW1, organized in Britain. However, government Intelligence Agencies rarely proceed according to the tone of and with the awareness of the citizens who pay their salaries. More often, spies, intelligence officers, senior political and military officers and intensely motivated skilled private citizens will band together and use the power of their cumulative authority to override the legislative authority of their country.

1941 - On December 6,
Vannevar Bush, USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt's chief scientific aide, signed a report declaring the atomic bomb to be feasible and recommending a crash program for its development. During the first half of 1942, while exploratory nuclear experiments continued at a number of sites, detailed plans were worked out for organizing the tasks for the bomb development itself.

1941 - On December 7,
The Japanese attacked the U.S.A. fleet at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, and sank most of it.
Almost immediately after the attack, the Metallurgical Laboratory to conduct the U.S. uranium and plutonium project was established at Columbia University. Three scientists joined it immediately: James Franck, Arthur Compton, Robert Mulliken.

The U.S.A. were so unprepared and surprised by the attack that the co-ordinated intelligence agency proposed by William Donovan was given a huge burst. There had been no Secret Intelligence nor Counter-Intelligence Service for working in enemy territory. For the first time, the President was granted extensive powers to wage war in secret as well as in the open. The humiliation of Pearl Harbour now made secrecy in America's interests something everybody now wanted.

On December 8, the USA declared war on Japan.
On December 10, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy would declare war against the United States, in fulfillment of their pact with Japan.

1941 - During December,
Hong Kong is captured by the Japanese.
It had been ceded by the Chinese in 1841 to the British which had made the almost bare rock a Crown Colony. Following the arrival of the Japanese, refugees told of unrestricted incidents of murder, rape, pillage, and starvation by the Japanese. The rich British colony in planning to withstand a seige, had stockpiled its enormous warehouses with goods - enough to last the residents for 2 years. Most of this was immediately loaded on ships and sent to Japan. British ships which had been scuttled at the approach of the Japanese, were soon salvaged and put back into service.

To make it easier to feed the city and defend it, the Japanese deported about half of the residents back to mainland China. Hotel men were brought from Japan to manage the Hong Kong hotels, and Japanese were put in charge of bakeries, dairies, rice distribution, and other food industries. Courts were set up with Japanese judges and jury trials were abolished. Everybody was made to study the Japanese language and radio broadcasts were made in Japanese. Roads and landmarks were renamed with Japanese names.

Trucks and automobiles were seized and shipped to Japan.
The sunken Kowloon-Hong Kong ferryboats were raised and the dynamited tunnels were quickly cleared.
The mainland railway line between Kowloon and Canton was also reopened quickly.
Engines were taken from motorbuses and used to power new wooden vessels that were built.
The Kaitak Aerodrome, near Kowloon, was the first place bombed when the Japanese attacked; it was almost immediately repaired and enormously enlarged for use by both military and commercial planes between China and Japan.

A Japanese governor assumed political authority for the colony with his army and civilian staff working through the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, the guilds, and other native organizations to carry on police, public health, and postal affairs. In addition, they supervised transportation facilities, the light and power plant, waterworks, ferries, tram and bus lines, public markets, etc.

Wherever and whenever possible the Japanese arranged to degrade and humiliate the American and British citizens in front of the Chinese to emphasize that "the Westerner's day in the East is over." East Indians, Filipinos and Chinese became enthusiastic supporters of the Japanese in an effort to save their own lives.

1941 - On December 22,
The Japanese invasion of the Philippines began.
Although two weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbour, MacArthur and his forces were unprepared, and not on alert. The air force was caught on the ground and destroyed. Unprepared, the forces of Major General Jonathan Wainwright broke rank and ran leaving their artillery unprotected. MacArthur's own plan, unlike that of Plan Orange had resulted in supplies being moved to the beachfront. These were quickly overrun and lost. MacArthur and staff escaped Manila by boat on December 24 and 9 days later, the Japanese took Manila. MacArthur never went near the front during the entire struggle up to January 9, 1942; his men were slaughtered, deserted, taken prisoner, or left starving.

Ferdinand Marcos served on the American side, but beyond that, most of his later unwitnessed and imaginary exploits were given high media visibility while most of his war records were removed from the US Archives, illegally, by the CIA during the 1950s and remained hidden until 1985. From the examples of many American, British, German and Russian politicians, Ferdinand learned that what the media wrote about you gave the public an image.

Consideration of whether it was true or not was irrelevant; it was always a question of whether it would work. A month before Pearl Harbour, Ferdinand was drafted. He and some friends quickly volunteered for assignments in General Capinpin's G-2 intelligence units. This would keep them out of the front lines, allow them to dress in civilian clothes, and take "delayed action". During the invasion they joined with some other Filipinos in looting the stores of the Chinese and their own people.

The Japanese were brutal in their domination in the Philippines, as they were elsewhere.
In particular, they rounded up Chinese leaders and sympathizers of Chiang Kai-shek, whom they had been at war with since 1933, and executed them. Many Filipinos now used the war as an blind behind which to settle old abuses and feuds, killing many of their own people. Ferdinand was certainly implicated in more murders, which he avoided charges of by using stories defaming his adversaries for committing crimes of robbery or working with the enemy. A Marcos Axiom became - "everything said was the opposite of the facts."

Most of the exploits of military bravery which Ferdinand Marcos would pay a biographer, Hartzell Spence, to write about were completely false. None were ever substantiated, including his being awarded a USA military star; some were militarily impossible; others were ludicrous exaggerations. In the biographical stories which the public would believe, Marcos was everywhere at once, yet not where later military documents showed him to be. The American military and other authorities never questioned the declarations, so the public came to believe them.

By January of 1942, Ferdinand Marcos had met ruthless Japanese Colonel Nakahama Akira, who would become chief of the Kempeitei, the Japanese occupational government. Akira would release Marcos from Camp O'Donnell, play host to him at Fort Santiago, and hire Ferdinand's father Mariano to be a pro-Japanese propagandist.

BACK to PEAR
INDEX

Memory Stimulators.
1942 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

The Big Street; You Were Never Lovelier; My Sister Eileen; Winning Your Wings; The Remarkable Henry; Woman of the Year; The Jungle Book; Ride 'Em Cowboy

1942 - During January,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

 January 17: SAN JOSE,          American freighter
 January 19: CITY OF ATLANTA,   Mexican freighter
 January 25: VARANGER,          Norwegian tanker
 January 27: FRANCIS E. POWELL, American tanker

1942 - On January 20,
The Wannsee Conference was held in Germany.
It was decided that Goering's directive to S.S. Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich of July 31, 1941 to carry out the Final Solution of euthanasia/extermination of the Jew which could now be institutionalized. The programme was fixed: work service in assigned groups (separation by gender; decimation through forced labour and starvation diets; gassing of the remnant). German Jews were transported, largely to Poland to concentration camps including Auschwitz, Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibbor and Treblinka.

Through arrangements with other countries it was expected that Jews would be also gathered from abroad. Nazi spies had been infiltrated into foreign governments in order to encourage the introduction of anti-Jewish laws there. Slovakia, Rumania, Croatia and Serbia had enacted such laws and were to be approached to share the transportation costs of moving the hundreds of thousands of Jews from their countries. No resistance was expected from Luxembourg, Holland, Belgium and Poland.

40,000 Jews were expected to be removed from France; 8,000 had been killed in Austria and 20,000 representing their spouses and families had been or would be taken prisoner. Poland expected to have 2-1/2 million sick and diseased Jews living in the ghettos they had been segregated into. Italy was judged as having 58,000 Jews, and, with Denmark, it refused the Jewish discrimination entirely. Serbia was to be the first nation "purified" of Jews.

In accord with a political distortion of the biological theory of genetics promoted by the human science of the era, each human race was believed to be defined in character and spirit through the composition of its blood. As a spurious association with the decline of the German economy and the segregation of capital into the possession of the commerce-focused Jewish community, it was believed, by the Nazis, that the Jews had demonstrated themselves to be anti-German in intent and a weakening influence on the German spirit through their intermarriage.

According to Nuremburg laws, half-Jews had been equated with Germans for the purpose of enacting anti-Jewish regulations. Much of the property of Jew had been confiscated. At the conference, the stipulation was reversed such that half-Jews were now to be categorized as Jews for the sake of a more complete "purification" of Europe. Exempt from the euthanasia were to be Jews married to a German spouse, Jews who had demonstrated merit in specialized fields such as armamentation, Jewish Nazi party members, and 1/4 Jewish German children. These exemptions would be subject to personal judgement by Nazi officers in charge of the exterminations. The number of persons to be murdered was estimated to run anywhere from a 6-figure number to 11 million persons.

It was further noted that Germany was still at war and that advances were not secure yet, nor was the conquest of England and Europe, and that the efforts and resources necessary to implement the euthanasia program now could be counterproductive to winning the war. It was suggested that the program be started after the war. Also, resistance groups were growing everywhere and this program was expected to fuel the growth of such groups. Sterilization was recommended as a less lethal alternative for the Jews. This was discarded on the basis that German hospitals were already overburdened with German soldiers wounded in battle.

In addition, the suggestion was made that experiments could be carried out in the concentration camps in the interest of using X-rays to sterilize Jews rather than killing them. The conference did not result in the attendees unanimously supporting the extermination "solution" so the decision was to be made by a senior executive, such as the Fuehrer, based on the noted discussions. It was concluded that if the program were to proceed now, it would have to be camouflaged and speedily undertaken and carried out in order to prevent alarm.

Most Allied nations refused admittance of Jewish immigrants to their countries on the fear that they might be Nazi spies. This included Britain, the USA and Canada. Shanghai, China, was one of the few locations which openly accepted immigrating Jews from 1939. Almost 4,900,000 persons were starved, beaten to death, shot, died of disease or were gassed in the camps: Auschwitz, Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. History has shown that whatever humans have been capable of the past they can succeed with greater results in the future.

1942 - During the year,
Eduard Albert Meier, a 5 year-old Swiss boy, has his first encounter with spacepersons when he and his father see a spaceship. When he first saw the ship "it didn't necessarily seem strange to me. It did look strange in our world, but somehow I had the feeling that it was something familiar. It fell down from the sky, to the tower of the church, and then it came to us and left westward. It was very, very fast. Altogether I watched it fall for maybe one and a half minutes, and then when it left westward there were seconds only." It disappeared over the Horagenwald. Confused, the young Meier asked his father what had happened and his father answered him: "It's a secret weapon of Adolf Hitler." Even at his young age, Eduard didn't think that answer could be correct.

Two months later, Meier would see the object again, this time descending slowly towards a field where he was playing alone. But as the disk was nearing the grassy surface, suddenly, without a sound, it vanished. Within moments of the disk vanishing, something "similar to a voice" arose inside Meier's head. Accompanied by the drawing of vivid pictures in his mind, the voice thereafter spoke to Meier once a day. It requested that he answer, and seek answers of his own.

"In the beginning I didn't receive entire words or sentences.
It was more like pictures. As time went by these pictures became words and sentences.
Later, I received messages in symbols. Once I tried to draw one of these symbols,
but I was not able to do it."

Continuing to be confused and now questioning his sanity, Eduard went to the local Protestant minister, Parson Zimmermann, whom he both knew well and whom had a reputation of being a local mystic.

Parson Zimmermann was empathetic to Eduard and told him that he had seen the flying objects and that the people who flew in them came from another world, not from the Earth. He told Meier that he understood this but that he could not talk to Eduard about it. He was a priest and he would shock the people. He told eduard to try and learn telepathy, to try to give answers. After a few weeks, his efforts began to pay off.

He remembered the parson's words of caution of not telling anyone for fear that they would think and say that he was crazy. Now, whenever Meier heard the voice speaking to him, he would try to direct his thoughts inward, and before long he felt he had made contact with something.

"The first reaction from the other side was like a gentle fine laughter,
which I heard deep inside me and felt, pleasant and relaxing. I still hear that
laughter (many years later), but I can't define it. It was a very lovely laughter."

Then the contact faded away.

In 1965, Louise Zinsstag, cousin of psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, and, a famous European UFO researcher remembered seeing an article written by someone during 1956 or 57. During his life, he would believe he had been given a task to fulfill. Every 11th year he would meet new visitors.

1942 - On February 3,
A Japanese I-17 ocean-going submarine attacks an American oilfield 50 miles from Los Angeles, California.
5-1/2 inch cannon shells land in an irrigation field near the oilfield when fired from the submarine offshore. The submarine is chased off before any damage is done to the oilfield. Local people fear the imminent invasion of the Japanese.

1942 - During February,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  February 02: W.L. STEED,    American tanker
  February 04: PAN GIL,       Panamanian freighter
  February 05: CHINA ARROW,   American tanker
  February 08: OCEAN VENTURE, British freighter
  February 12: DIXIE SWORD,   American freighter
  February 26: MARORE,        American freighter
  February 26: CASSIMER.      American tanker
  February 28: U.S.S. JACOB JONES,  US Navy vessel

1942 - During February,
Lt. Thomas Townsend Brown of the USA Naval Reserve is transferred from his position as Officer in charge of "Magnetic and Acoustic Minesweeping Research and Development" to Head of the Navy's "Atlantic Fleet Radar School" in Norfolk, Virginia. As a military scientist, with an interest in astronomy (ballistics, physics) and space travel, Brown was positioned to be part of the most advanced research undertakings of the government.

1942 - On February 9,
The SS Normandy, while being refitted to become a troop ship which would be capable of outrunning the German submarines, was set on fire at its New York City dock and sank on its side, partially submerged. The act confirmed the fears of the US Navy Intelligence and other military intelligence agencies that sabotage was being carried out. American military leaders had been restrained by American politicians until the Pearl Harbour attack less than 3 months previous.

The USA, as in WWI, had taken a position of neutrality: self-interest clothed in words of peace.
While American industry had boomed, the rest of the world had fought, partly because of the political (material resource and economic) restraints which America had sought against Germany and Japan throughout the 1930s. Now, facing the possibility of war on its own shores, key behind-the-scenes military leaders, authorized by the Presidency (who was authorized by the citizens) began to panic.

1942 - In February,
The First Transport of Jews designated for Extermination at Auschwitz was loaded and sent.
There were two underground morgues at Auschwitz, connected to a crematorium.
A body slide received the corpses from the surface and directed them into the attached morgue.

1942 - During February,
All of the gold reserves of the Philippine treasury and all of the gold bullion stockpiled by the huge Benguet gold mines had been transferred to the Philippine fortified island of Correigidor where General MacArthur had set up his command. MacArthur had been a prominent stockholder in the mines. MacArthur and 3 aides were paid an illegal bribe/reward by President Quezon for their defense of the islands: $640,000. it would not be uncovered until 1979.

Dwight Eisenhower, who had worked closely with MacArthur in the 1930s never considered him to be anything more than a coward, full of boast; short on action. On February 3, 1942, Eisenhower wrote in his diary: "looks like MacArthur is losing his nerve." MacArthur was ready to pull out when Quezon raised his commitment. Few of the stories of MacArthur's heroics, penned by his public relations staff, and capable of obtaining him medals, stood up to scrutiny later.

Roosevelt needed a hero so reports of heroics were invited.
The truth was that the thousands of troops who were the real heroes, on the Bataan beaches received little more recognition than a grave; the weak, cowardly and boastful - who survived - received the rewards. On March 11, MacArthur and his aids left Corregidor by PT boat for the Del Monte plantation in Mindaneo, and then from its airstrip flew to Australia.

What happened to the gold?
Before leaving, MacArthur had 20 tons of gold "as ballast" loaded on a USA submarine and sent to Australia.
Quezon was left in charge of sinking the remaining gold reserves in Manila harbour.

Tokyo was not happy with the Philippine retreat to Bataan.
More Filipino and American troops died as POWs than on the battlefield.
Nearly 10,000 - almost all of the 8,000 Filipino troops and about 2,000 Americans died of malaria, starvation, beatings, or execution during the Death March to Camp O'Donnell. Ferdinand Marcos became a double-agent, working for the Japanese, and survived the camp. Ferdinand was released August 4, 1942. According to a USA intelligence report, Mariano Marcos, Ferdinand's father, had taken part in a welcoming ceremony for the Japanese early in 1942, shortly after the war began.

Unemployed for nearly a decade, Mariano now worked as a propagandist for the Japanese, protected by a bodyguard of Japanese soldiers until the end of the war. He had been recommended to the Japanese by his son, Ferdinand, before Ferdinand had been "captured."

While Ferdinand would later talk of being horribly tortured and beaten by the Japanese, friends who saw him within days after say no bruises or cuts and remarked that he simply had a fever. American intelligence documents recorded that, after his release, Ferdinand Marcos spent 5 months bedridden in a guerilla camp recovering from stomach pains and a mysterious fever. Once again, Ferdinand could not participate in the War, except in his imagination.

In Asia, cunning is valued more highly than courage and Ferdinand would demonstrate that quality many times. Ferdinand idolized Primitivo San Augustin who, in reality had been a courageous and active man. After the war, San Augustin, the daughter of President Quezon, and another person, while travelling on a car trip, were all slain in an ambush. Their murders were publicly attributed to the Communists, which the public knew was a usual cover for murder by a political rival. Immediately afterwards, Ferdinand adopted most of San Augustin's history of heroics, as his own.

1942 - On February 26,
UFOs appeared over Los Angeles, California, according to a Secret Memo to the USA President from Chief of Staff, C.G. Marshall:

"UFOs appeared over Los Angeles, CA, yesterday morning.
The 37th Brigade (AA) expended 1430 rounds of ammunition against them.
No bombs dropped, no casualties among our troops, no planes (UFOs) shot down,
no AA (Anti-Aircraft) or Navy planes were in action."

Obviously, no one thought to ask or consider whether the "visitors" might be friendly!

1942 - During March,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  March xx: KASSANDRA LOULOUDIS,    Greek freighter
  March 08: CAYRU,              Brazilian freighter
  March 11: CARIBSEA,            American freighter
  March 12: JOHN D. GILL,           American tanker
  March 17: AUSTRALIA,              American tanker
  March 18: PAPOOSE,                American tanker
  March 19: W.E. HUTTON,            American tanker
  March 21: REPUBLIC,               American tanker
  March 23: LEMUEL BURROWS,      American freighter
  March 23: NAECO,                  American tanker
  March 23: ESSO NASHVILLE,      Panamanian tanker
  March 26: DIXIE ARROW,            American tanker
  March 27: LILLIAN LUCHENBACH,  American freighter
  March 31: MENOMINEE,              American tanker

1942 - In March,
James Clavell, an English artillery officer serving in Singapore since the beginning of the war evaded capture when the Japanese overran the British and Australian troops. At age 18, he slipped into the jungle, where at first he became lost, and, later found refuge with the kindness of a village headman. For 6 months he taught himself the Malay language and lived as a native until he was captured by the Japanese and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp.

1942 - During March,
Merchant Ships sunk along the Eastern Coast of the USA reach 151 in number.
German U-boats are sighted in New York harbour and are suspected of being supported by fishing boats?
The technically immature and desperate US Navy focuses on the waterfront/docks as a source of military intelligence. In what had and would continue to be a centerpoint of American policy, WHATEVER was necessary to reach an objective was sanctioned.

1942 - On March 26, at midnight,
US Navy and American Mafia leaders held their first meeting at midnight.
The US Navy was desperate to receive intelligence about marine activities which might allow them to cope with the German U-boat problem. The local police had no legal control over the waterfront. The "Fulton Street Fish Market" represented the centre of dockworker activities. Joe Sox Lanza was the violent leader of the United Seafood Workers: nobody could sell fish without his approval. His benefit was "protection money" from the workers to ensure that they would not be threatened, beaten or murdered by other criminals, or, by his direction. The Manhattan criminal empire was one of the most lucrative in the country. Lanza was an underboss of Lucky Luciano.

The US Navy Intelligence first requested access from the NY District Attorney to review its files on organized crime, including past convictions and current indictments. Commander Charles Haffenden, USN, a former private investigator with a reputation for his "imaginative" approach was placed in charge. Lanza was under indictment and facing a jail term. Haffenden in his meeting with Lanza asked him to mediate for them with the Mafia in Sicily and to provide them with information from the fishing boats and docks. Their opportunities in America made them indebted to America; if the German took over, they would be crushed. Lanza said he would back the effort against the Germans, 100%. Project ?? was born. His indictment was quashed.

A second meeting followed in which Charles Haffenden (USN), Anthony Marsloe (USN), Joe Lanza (Mafia) and others discussed "How to exploit anyone who had anything to give to the war effort." Lanza ordered his stevedores and shipping crews to report anything of a suspicious nature to him. Lanza's control of the union and the waterfront meant that he could restrict the loading of selected ships and that he could seek out Axis sympathizers. False union cards were provided to Navy agents who were smuggled onto the piers and the ships.

The Navy encouraged the Mafia to "take care of business on the waterfront."
John Gunn and a Mr. Sullivan were just 2 shooters of the "Murder Incorporated" section of this local Mafia.
At least 4 persons were murdered by them on suspicion that the victims were German spies.
All of the New York regional Mafia bosses were recruited into the Project; ALL were categorized as "public enemies". At the end of the War, the Navy would burn all the records to conceal their guilt. Personal testimony would not reveal the truth for over 30 years.

1942 - In the early spring,
The U.S. Uranium - Plutonium Project moved to the University of Chicago.
New participants included Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard, Walter Zinn, Herbert Anderson, Leona Marshall Libby, Glen Seaborg, John Marshall, Albert Wattenberg, Eugene Wigner, Edward Teller and John Wheeler plus several others. Frequent visitors included Luis Alvarez, Ernest Lawrence, Robert Oppenheimer. The project was now given the name Manhattan District.

Quite suddenly molecular physics practitioners were hired to work on the separation of uranium-235 and uranium-238. Research results became "classified". Edward Teller, at Columbia University is not invited because it is felt that he will not receive the clearance required by his having relatives in Hungary.

Arthur Compton was appointed director of the project and was the dean of the university.
Compton's father was a Christian minister and professor of philosophy, his sister and her husband were ministers at a Christian college in India. Compton frequently carried his Bible with him and often brought God into his conversations. Compton believed that scientists must be inner-directed, must look at the facts and decide what to do next, and do it without external direction. He believed a scientist must question dogma and authority, especially because it is frequently wrong. After the war, Compton would take the position that the A.E.C. (Atomic Energy Commission) should be controlled by scientists and civilians.

What Compton and the other idealists connected with the project failed to acknowledge was that science was no longer playful, independent, exploration into the mysteries of the universe. In the 20th century, Science had become the plaything of entrepreneurs, the military and politicians who ultimately financed it and made it possible for generally reclusive intellectuals to be employed full-time in endeavours which could promote their social position and acceptance based on their ability to find information capable of empowering their employers, many of whom were compulsive in drive from greed/insecurity or fear/abandonment.

Some participants, such as the Fermi family had lived in fear under Nazism, knew people murdered for reasons of Jewish heritage, and had escaped from Italy, Germany, or a threatened country. I.I. Rabi was the son of an orthodox Jewish immigrant who had come to the U.S.A. from Austria-Hungary in order to find work.

1942 - During April,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  April 02: DAVID H. ATWATER,   American freighter
  April 03: TIGER,              American freighter
  April 03: BYRON D. BENSON,       American tanker
  April 06: BRITISH SPLENDOUR,      British tanker
  April 09: SAN DELFINO,            British tanker
  April 09: ESPARTA,            American freighter
  April 09: ATLAS,                 American tanker
  April 10: TAMAULIPAS,            American tanker
  April 11: ST. CATHAN,            British trawler
  April 11: HEBE,                  Dutch freighter
  April 11: GULF AMERICA,          American tanker
  April 13: KORSHOLM,               Swedish tanker
  April 14: EMPIRE THRUSH,       British freighter
  April 20: EXMINISTER,         American freighter
  April 29: ASHKABAD,            Russian freighter

1942 - In April,
The BLONDS declined further consideration of the German government as possible partners for the future.
The German government had been under surveillance by the BLONDS from 1936.
During the period, the BLONDS found the political environment very unstable with growing dissention and intolerance within the ranks of the German military and government. Both dissention and intolerance suggested a plus to the BLONDS for persons with such attitudes are easily manipulated.

The major intent of the BLONDS should be remembered here as peaceful colonization of the Earth, preferably by a "reservation" status within a geographic domain established by agreement. In the absence of that alternative, they would seek infiltration into a culture which would accept them as equals and in which they would lead a somewhat positive lifestyle. The destruction and aggressiveness of humanity's Second World War questioned whether either option would be possible with any human culture.

The BLONDS were having difficulty finding a human culture which not only voiced peace and toleration but could actually live such a lifestyle. The BLONDS could easily have been assimilated within the German culture based on physical appearance. The problem was that they would not engage in the increasing atrocities being committed by some of the German people against non-Germans and psychologically ill or genetically ill Germans.

1942 - During the year,
A Jewish Brigade of Volunteers becomes part of the British army.

1942 - During May,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  May 02: GYPSUM PRINCE,  British freighter
  May 03: LAERTES,          Dutch freighter
  May 03: OCEAN VENUS,    British freighter
  May 06: SENATEUR DUHAMEL,   British trawler
  May 06: HALSEY,             American tanker
  May 07: AMAZONE,          Dutch freighter
  May 12: VIRGINIA,           American tanker
  May 14: DAVID McKELVY,      American tanker
  May 19: HEREDIA,       American freighter
  May 20: U.S.S. YP 387,       US Navy vessel
  May 27: HAMLET,            Norwegian tanker

1942 - On May 12,
Charles (Lucky) Luciano and 8 other prisoners were moved from "Siberia", a maximum security prison located near the Canadian border, 300 miles from New York City - to the Great Meadow Correctional Facility (The Country Club), near New York City, for "administrative purposes".

Navy Intelligence had been pleased with their success with Lanza's Fulton Street gang and wanted the benefit of all of the New York Mafia. Lanza had recommended Charles Luciano. "Lucky" Luciano was the key. He was in the 6th year of a 60-years-to-life sentence at "Siberia". Moses Polakoff, his attorney had visited him at the request of US Navy Intelligence but refused to intercede further unless Luciano was moved closer to New York City.

Within 3 days after Luciano's arrival at Great Meadow, a private meeting was held between Luciano and US Navy Intelligence. He agreed to assist them and over the next months, all of the major crime leaders from New York City visited him and became participants in the Project.

1942 - In May,
Compton appointed J. Robert Oppenheimer to head a small group of theoretical physicists in the study of fast neutron bomb physics. Vannevar Bush, James B. Conant and General Leslie R. Groves shared the decision. He had been productive at Berkeley and Caltech and had assembled the largest group of theoretical students ever in the U.S.A. He came from a family of significant wealth, yet lived in a bachelor apartment. He was a great teacher in his grasp of the subject, quickness of mind, gift for expression in language, sensitive perception of others and social presence.

His students became loyal and devoted, using him as a mentor, even copying his gestures and mannerisms. He provided them with daily pacing and enthusiasm, igniting their spiritual side. After class discussions and activities between them introduced his students to art, music, literature, politics, foods and wine, Greek and Sanskrit literature and mysticism.

Some have suggested that he used, without conscious intent, a form of hypnotism as scientist-teachers tend to fall into acting. Following after class discussions students would often remember the excitement and enthusiasm they came to feel but could not remember what was talked about. Enrico Fermi, near death, remarked that he would not sustain the positions then that he had held earlier. He (and many others) had been hypnotized (by Oppenheimer's charisma of mystic togetherness).

Oppenheimer worried about the distance growing between the scientific community and the community and between those who could have a science education for the asking and those less fortunate. The volume of scientific papers was growing exponentially; how could common sense be integrated with expanding specialized knowledge? Everything could be related to anything and yet everything cannot be related to everything.

Modern (institutionalized) scientists seemed unable to share that joy of revelation through discovery with the community. They had to work for an income in a capital-based economy; working just for the pleasure of achievement and knowledge was something oft reserved for the financially privileged, like Oppenheimer, or, the researcher willing to work, as Karl Marx had, while in a state of abject poverty. Ideally, that ecstasy should lead to a chain reaction of interest, experience and revelation in others; often, he noticed, it did not.

Oppenheimer failed to acknowledge his own position of privilege of choice which excluded factors of financial need, insecurity, rudimentary exposure to the arts and philosophy/religion. Until too late he also failed to recognize the power of the leadership of the military-industrial complex which directed institutionalized scientific advancement. He wrote about 70 papers before 1950; thereafter, he published only one, a summary of 30 years of meson research. He opened the door to new discoveries by selecting the topics and asking the questions; practical solutions were provided by others. Later, this "forced" controlled-by-others science fell behind his mystic appreciations.

Those who attended the study group on nuclear weapons included Hans Bethe, a German immigrant who came to the USA from Strasbourg in 1935 and had been a physicist at Cornell since. Edward Teller, another German immigrant, arrived from the University of Chicago.

Oppenheimer, because of his youth and radicalism, was placed under the total surveillance of Colonel John Lansdale. Groves issued him a security clearance in July, 1943 and made him director of the Los Alamos site responsible for constructing the bomb. He invites participation from Edward Teller and obtained a clearance for him. Some of the students and associates which he knew at Berkeley and hired at Los Alamos were Communist sympathizers or members of the local Communist cell. This was largely not realized until the late 1940s.

The serious burden of the project rested so heavily on Oppenheimer that for two hours before the first test blast, during which untoward happenings occurred, Groves would have to steady his tense excitement and anxiety over whether it should be exploded and that it must be. After the two bombs were dropped on Japan, Oppenheimer was guilt ridden by "the blood on his hands". His addiction had sacrificed his morals much like the alcoholic that kills someone while professing sensitivity and compassion.

1942 - In May,
An American Magnetism and Propulsion Project was begun with as great or higher security as the Manhattan Project would have.
It was headed by Navy Reserve Lt. Commander Thomas Townsend Brown.
It would employ at least 1,600 scientists and in five years would find out more about magnetism than the whole world had been able to do and preserve in the centuries previous. They would work out of 2 laboratories and have a budget of one billion dollars (the Manhattan Project would get 2 billion dollars). Their initial mission was to develop technology which could knock out submarines in the seven seas and directed-missiles out of the skies. More than 35,000 experiments would be done.

1942 - By June,
The Japanese had settled down in their occupation of the Philippines.
In the Romualdez family, Norberto, had died in 1941.
Lourdes, now a doctor, had been acting much like a surrogate mother to the children of Remedios, her deceased stepmother, whom she had hated and abused while alive. Their father, Orestes, continued to be lazy and the family existed on rents collected on a property given him by his mother and on the gradual sale of precious stones which he had removed from their settings in his mother's jewelry.

For a time, immediately after the Japanese arrived, they lived in a shack on the property he rented to others. By 1946, they had reoccupied the estate of Orestes' dead brother Norberto. Living free on his brother's property, he ignored the requests of his cousin to leave, who had been willed the property, and never told the children who the real owner was.

Imelda, eldest of Remedios' children, continued her schooling and worked at small jobs.
She acted and sang in the school plays and dreamed of being in the opera, on the stage, or in the movies. Her uncle, Miguel, had a son Eduardo, who became a leading banker, while his brother, Daniel, became a congressman.

1942 - During the year,
The Chinese lose control of the Burma Road between southern China and Rangoon to the Japanese.
The Imperial Army use it to confiscate and export as much of the gold bullion and wealth of the countries as has not already been done. The Japanese have been unsuccessful in subduing the Chinese and in frustration become increasingly brutal in their actions.

1942 - In June,
The U.S. Corp. of Engineers was assigned to the Manhattan District to build the plutonium production reactors.
Plutonium production within a reactor, it is not a naturally found element on the Earth, was theorized to be a faster way of producing a nuclear weapon. Once produced in a nuclear reactor, it could be chemically separated from the U238/U235 metal complex. Separation of the scarce (7/10ths of 1%) U235 (the reactive element) from the uranium metal was both more difficult and required a much greater amount of raw materials.

1942 - During June,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  June 03: AEOLUS,                 American trawler
  June 03: BEN AND JOSEPH,         American trawler
  June 10: F.W. ABRAMS,           American tanker
  June 11: SHEHERAZADE,         Panamanian tanker
  June 12: CITIES SERVICE TOLEDO, American tanker
  June 14: GUNBOR,       Norwegian freighter
  June 17: SANTORE,       American freighter
  June 17: KINGSTON CEY LONITE,     British trawler
  June 19: BOSILJKA,           YugoSlavian tanker
  June 29: EMPIRE MICA,            British tanker

1942 - On June 13,
The military Office of Strategic Services (OSS), replaced the COI, by Presidential military order. William J. Donovan was appointed its director. The Coordinator of Information was now under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and had been transferred to the Office of War Information.

1942 - On June 25,
The Overseas Chinese Association paid Malay $50 million to General Yamashita Tomoyuki to atone for supporting China's anti-Japanese efforts in the 1930s. Accepted in the name of the emperor, the bullion was to have been sent on to Japan. The Kempeitei had coerced Lim Boon Keng and the Shaw Brothers, and other wealthy members of the Chinese community to raise the money. Soon after it was paid, Yamashita was reassigned to Manchuria by Tojo, a military superior who disliked him.

1942 - Beginning on June 28,
The German Summer Offensive against the USSR resumes the active seige against Stalingrad while focusing on the capturing of the oil-field of the Caucasus. Stalingrad represents a center of armament industry and transport facilities. The German 6th Army and the 4th Panzer (armoured) Army advance into the outskirts of the city during September 1 through 15. By November 8, the city is captured.

1942 - During July,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

  July 02: EDWARD LUCKENBACH,       American freighter
  July 06: BAYARD,     Norwegian passenger & freighter
  July 09: BENJAMIN BREWSTER,        American tanker
  July 13: R.W. GALLAGHER,           American tanker
  July 18: BAJA CALIFORNIA,         Honduran freighter
  July 19: KESHENA,                  American tanker
  July 24: CHILORE,                  American trawler

1942 - During the summer,
The Murder of Jewish Prisoners at Berkinau, Poland began.
At first 2 farmhouses nearby were converted to gassing houses.
Mass graves were used nearby in which to stack the corpses and top cover them with dirt.
Such short-term decisionmaking by labourer-converted-to-SS officers only compounded the problems for the German administration. Decomposing bodies contaminated the water supplies and water table. With thawing and freezing, areas subsided, followed by corpses poking above the surface - both from frost heaving and soil settling.

This development was most unsettling to Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the German Police (including the Gestapo and the S.S.) who visited the site in the fall. He ordered that all of the bodies (100,000) be dug up and cremated. This was finished at the end of December. Meanwhile, Himmler met with officers and engineers at Topf and Sons and requested that they design a practical crematorium oven for mass use.

1942 - During the summer,
Robert Oppenheimer gathered a small group of theoretical physicists at Berkeley to discuss atomic bombs
and to lay out a program for the projected new laboratory at Los Alamos. During these discussions, the idea of using tritium as well as deuterium was first suggested. Tritium is a still heavier form of hydrogen (having three times the normal weight) which does not normally occur in nature. It was well known, however, that tritium could be produced artificially by causing neutrons to react with lithium.

It would later be discovered that a 50/50 mixture of tritium and deuterium reacts about 100 times as rapidly as does pure deuterium. Thus, when Los Alamos was established, the exploration of the super- or hydrogen-bomb was among the original objectives. However, because the development of fission bombs turned out to be more difficult than expected, their development demanded and received virtually the full attention of the laboratory. Only a small group under the direction of Edward Teller put in much work on the super- during the War.

1942 - In August,
John Marshall arrived at the Manhattan District and built some furnaces from 50-gallon oil drums, asbestos and Globar silicon carbide heating elements in which to melt and mould uranium. Heating the pyrophoric powder (Westinghouse Corporation had been supplying uranium in the form of powder which when exposed to the air could burst into flame with great ease and great danger) by induction in his vacuum furnaces in graphite crucibles and casting the melt in graphite moulds produced metal castings of higher density. The pile experiments, just completed, showed that if greater density of the uranium could be achieved, a chain reaction would be achieved.

For space, the operation was relocated to John Chapman's laboratory at M.I.T. where 6 tons of uranium metal in long rods of a few inches diameter where molded and then sawn into limps a few inches long. Six tons of uranium ore would come from the New York warehouse of Edgar Sengier (see 1939). Higher density material meant the pile could be made smaller.

1942 - By August,
The construction of a total of 4 Gas Chambers had begun at Auschwitz, divided between two locations on one side of the camp. The first two were the original basement morgues converted for extermination use. The newer ones had been built above ground to take advantage of better ventilation factors and allow faster re-use of the facilities. Construction continued continuously, day and night - except when materials shortages occurred. All were delayed from reaching their expected completion time.

By now, the engineers who had redesigned the buildings were well aware of their intended use as extermination chambers. Belief that the state and their leader, Hitler, could do no wrong, and, a belief in the popularized theories of genetic illnesses and races clouded the perceptions of the masses and drove them into denial. An active and disgruntled minority, lacking in constructive coping skills and having been encouraged to displace the reality of their material frustrations and their emotional rage from an abusive economy toward the Jew, some willingly supported the detainment and the exterminations which followed.

1942 - During August and September,
The following ships are sunk off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA by German submarines:

     August 13: R.M. PARKER, Jr,    American tanker
  September 13: MARS,               American tanker
  September 22: PENTLAND FIRTH,   British patrol boat
  September 26: ESSEX,             American freighter
  September 26: OAXACA,      Mexican passenger & freighter

After September small numbers of ships would be sunk by U-boats.

1942 - In September,
General Leslie R. Groves was appointed in command of the Manhattan District.
He was selected by Secretary of War Henry Stimson and reviewed by President Roosevelt. He reported directly to Stimson and Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall. He knew almost nothing about science, respected what they were trying to do, but distrusted their lack of discipline and lack of allegiance to authority: highly important characteristics in military training. He considered scientists more capable in the area of theory as opposed to the practical aspects of construction, deployment, and delivery.

The original contractor, Stone & Webster, had proven to be unsuitable for the construction of scientific projects like reactors. Du Pont was given the task, against the wishes of the scientists which believed that they should build it and then turn it over to Du Pont for operation. Groves told Compton that the scientific community should not concern itself with how the bomb would be used; he and the military would decide that. He considered his 10 years of military college training equivalent to two Ph.D.'s thereby justifying his appointment of superiority over the scientists and Nobel prize winners.

Groves rapidly compartmentalized the Manhattan District.
He set up secrecy regulations so that information was no longer exchanged between the various laboratory sites: Columbia, Chicago, Hanford, Oak Ridge, and Los Alamos. He understood the military nature of the project and the importance of not allowing "enemies" from maintaining equal progress by espionage. Many scientists during the depression of the 1930s had become aware of the Communist doctrine either directly or through friends.

Scientists were imported to Los Alamos from Britain and Canada.
Britain had the annoying elitist perception that Britishers were incapable of treason whether born British or naturalized. Klaus Fuchs, a naturalized Britain, later turned over all he knew from Los Alamos to the U.S.S.R. but knew nothing of the advancements at the other labs. Likewise, Alan Nunn May, representing the Canadian Atomic Energy Program, and working at Chicago, passed on all that was known there to the U.S.S.R. May was later convicted of treason in Canada. After the war, Groves would try to keep the A.E.C. and nuclear energy/weapons development totally under military control.

In a period of 4 years, Groves was largely responsible for bringing the Du Pont Corporation into the Manhattan Project, setting up Los Alamos as an independent entity, supporting the construction of the Hanford Engineer Works, the Pacific bombing mission, and the Alsos intelligence mission in Europe. Authority was delegated to Groves without reservation or question because to got things done; he got things done because he knew he had absolute authority and took the responsibility. He believed that to delegate a task was also to delegate the responsibility. Failure on the part of the person delegated left the shame with the appointed person; disaster from completion of a project left guilt. Oppenheimer fought against the shame of not completing the Manhattan Project, then suffered the guilt of its success in the annihilation of 100s of thousands.

1942 - In September,
Wilhelm Reich meets with Albert Einstein to demonstrate his phenomenon of orgone energy.
The accumulators he has built to collect the energy show a permanent rise in temperature within their tops, thus disproving the second law of thermodynamics. Einstein confirmed the phenomenon. Reich was still considered insane by the status quo establishment including most of his contemporaries.

Reich maintained that matter is created from orgone energy, that under appropriate conditions matter arises from mass-free orgone, and that these conditions are neither rare nor unusual. Exposed to sufficiently high temperatures and made to swell, all matter, even sand, undergoes vesicular disintegration and the resulting vesicles can later develop into bacteria.

1942 - During September,
"The Mask of Nippon", a propaganda film produced by John Grierson, Films Adviser to the Canadian Government and Director of the National Film Board (NFB), was released. Brutal footage of Japanese troops tearing a baby from its mother's arms, throwing it into the air and catching it on a bayonet were included. The scene was cleverly staged and was later believed to have been faked.

1942 - During September,
James Clavell is captured by the Japanese and sent to a POW camp.
The young Japanese who led the patrol which found him had been educated at a university in the USA and, at first, makes friends with him. The Japanese officer had come from a samurai background and, being of similar age, identifies with Clavell's military background. Unaware of the possibility of different cultures holding different social-political beliefs regarding honour, the Japanese officer offers Clavell the use of his white kimono and swords for the purpose of seppuku, a ritual suicide. It was a mark of great shame for a samurai warrior to be captured and held a prisoner; it was his purpose to defend or battle to the death, or win.

Within Japan, a tradition had developed wherein an individual might oppose the government on the basis of a moral belief and conflict of truth (as in the disagreement with a policy of the Emperor or a superior officer) or on a moral belief and a conflict of loyalty (as in providing support for a brother sought by the police). It was acknowledged within the Japanese culture that for the sake of state and social order and the good of the people, whatever position was taken by a senior official, such would have to be obeyed.

The act of suicide (hara kiri) allowed the dissenting individual to make a social statement of his disagreement with the policies of the government while not actually endangering the government with an organized and violent resistance. In this manner, the culture grew to accept that a dissenting adult could maintain a loyalty to his dissenting beliefs, as an officer within the system, express that dissent and die with honour, without bringing anarchy to the system - by committing suicide.

"Seppuku" was the equivalent manner of saving ones dignity in an undignified situation.
Rather than allow oneself to be physically abused, tortured into telling information to the enemy or being humiliated by the apparent suggestion of cowardice in one's actions if later rescued by one's own soldiers, seppuku maintained the image of absolute domination of the individual by the human-constructed authority system. This perception was not shared by Clavell whose English military background had evolved to provide a measure of individual rights to the serviceman and a recognition that circumstances could arise in war in which no hope of survival existed in further resistance against an attacking enemy.

In such circumstances, the soldier, having done his best, and having followed the orders of his commanding officer was not expected to commit suicide by trying the impossible, although recounts of "heroism" encouraged him to try. It was further expected that the commanding officer, in having failed to demonstrate successful strategies, would allow his troops to surrender. The Japanese officer offered Clavell the privilege of seppuku. Clavell declined. The Japanese officer lost all respect for Clavell and sent him to the Changi prison for the final 2 years of the war.

The Changi prisoner-of-war (POW) prison was typical of Japanese camps.
One in fifteen inmates survived their internment of starvation, beatings, and humiliations.
Clavell would later remember:

"In Changi we had no choice but to look at ourselves. Truly. 
One day or another, I felt I was stripped of all my peeling, like an onion. 
This got stripped off through the immoralities of the things that happened there - 
the starvation, the indignities, and all the death, all of this brought to me 
a realization of what I was, what I had to live with.  

All POWs got to this point at some time and then had to decide 
                          whether they could live with it or not.  
If they didn't like what they found under all those layers, they died.  
It's very simple.  We got to a point where we could almost predict, 
within a couple of weeks, when somebody was going to die. 
It was when they couldn't stand any more of it."

After the War, Clavell would become a movie screenwriter and novelist: an injury would make a future military career impossible. "King Rat" would be a semi-autobiographical description of his experience at Changi. His self-discipline and appreciation for the integrity of different cultures would produce "Tai-Pan", "Shogun", "The Great Escape", "To Sir with Love". His first screenplay, The Fly would become a science-fiction classic as he mirrored the concerns of the then-current Western culture regarding science and technology combined with human abilities and human culture. His novels would become perhaps the most read literature in North America describing the Japanese and Asian cultures.

1942 - By November,
The Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra) had been discovered by the German Abwehr intelligence police force.
Two Soviet agents who had parachuted into Germany and been caught were influenced by torture to reveal its existence. The Rote Kapelle was a large number of persons from old, influential German families, in strategically advantageous positions, running an extensive espionage network for the USSR. At one time they were transmitting intelligence to Moscow over some 100 clandestine radio transmitters in Germany and the occupied countries.

The leader was Harold Schulze-Boysen, who, after the War began, networked his way into the Luftwaffe as a lieutenant, and into Goering's "research" office, the Forschungsamt, which tapped telephones. He gradually built an espionage service for the Soviets to include officers in every branch of the military and every department. 75 leaders were charged with treason, 50 were condemned to death. The traditional method of execution in Berlin had been the axe. Hitler wished to discourage would-be traitors so he ordered the condemned to be hanged. Lacking a gallows, they were slowly strangled by being hoisted by a noose on the end of a rope. Such a death could often take as long as 15 minutes of slow suffocation.

1942 - During the winter,
Lieutenant Georgi Flerov, who had written a paper on the spontaneous decay of uranium earlier, now wrote to Josif Stalin, directly from the front line, begging him to start an atomic bomb building program immediately. He was immediately taken to Moscow to work with Kuchatov at the Laboratory of Measuring Instruments . Physicists now came from everywhere to the project, being assigned the high privilege of "extraterritoriality" which meant that the individual would no longer be subject to the harassment of local officials. Now they reported directly to the highest levels of government.

Any supplies requested by these "saviours" would be delivered as soon as possible regardless of hardship. If suppliers or contractors did not move quickly enough, they faced Lavrenti Beria - who both supervised the bomb program and was known as the ruthless head of the NKVD, predecessor of the KGB.

Kurchatov's installation was only the tip of a huge nuclear empire, named the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (the nuclear weapons industry). It was comprised of hundreds of different nuclear enterprises, each performing specific tasks. It was "Mailbox Moscow Centre, 300" that was responsible for the ultimate bomb designs. That was the designation for the super-secret installation Arzamas-16, located about 400 kilometres east of Moscow. The closest city was the industrial centre of Gorky.

1942 - On November 19,
The USSR Counter-Offensive against the Germans begins west of Stalingrad.
The German troops had encircled the city but attempts to relieve them had failed up to December 12. Hitler forbade, his army from breaking out of Stalingrad on December 22-23 and by January 8, the Germans were receiving Soviet demands for their surrender.

1942 - On December 2,
At the Chicago Manhattan District, the first nuclear pile to reach chain-reaction in CP-1 was achieved.
Volney Wilson added the word "scram" to the nuclear industry vocabulary indicating a shutdown of the pile.
Other present included Enrico Fermi, Walter Zinn, Sam Allison, Norman Hilberry, Leona Marshall, George Weil, Herb Anderson. Cadmium foil covered rods, which absorb neutrons, were used to control the reaction. It proved that the reaction was possible and that it could be controlled.

This eliminated any doubts remaining that a reactor could be built and that the explosive plutonium needed for the bomb could then be produced. The assumption now surfaced amongst the scientists that if they had produced the reaction, surely the Germans had also - and the expectation that they should be scared that such had happened and become obsessive in reaching their goal quickly.

Also present as observers was Arthur Compton and Crawford Greenewalt: the later represented a reviewing committee from the Du Pont Corp. set up earlier in the day. Greenewalt, a young man married to a Du Pont daughter, with a knowledge of research and organizational administration, enthusiastic and an industrial engineer - immediately saw possibilities in the pile for helping in the practical lives of men and women: atomic produced electrical energy.

1942-43 - During this period
Solar Cycle 18 begins: a sunspot minimum period.

   weak solar storms
   weak influenza outbreaks
   cycles last approximately 11 years
   produced by weak solar magnetic activity
   cools the Earth's atmosphere:
   70% more events are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than the South
   cause the magnetic field surrounding the Earth to stabilize in form and strength **
   electric power transmission lines are more stable **
   long-distance undersea cables are more stable in performance.

1942 - A December 19
Blueprint indicated a Design change from Morgue to Gas Chamber of the buildings at Auschwitz.
Instead of using slides to convey corpses taken from the internment camp to the morgue, a set of stairs was added to each morgue - indicating that the would-be corpses walked down themselves to the underground chambers. A ventilation system was added near the base of the walls on the outside of the buildings to facilitate the quick removal of the toxic gas once the inmates were presumed dead. Gas-type doors were added to the building with peepholes in them.

1942 - Before the end of the year,
The quantity of gold bullion and precious items stockpiled in Manila over the previous decade and awaiting transshipment to Japan was enormous. A major aspect of the conquest and occupation of Korea, Manchuria, China, Indochina, Thailand, Burma, Malaya, Borneo, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies and now the Philippines was the confiscation of gold bullion from banks and of precious items from private sources by the Japanese Imperial Army for transportation by the Navy and other carriers to the emperor, in support of the Japanese state. While the confiscations and collections had been largely completed over the past decade and the transshipment made to Manila, only about 1/3 of that had been delivered to Japan. Now, the shipping lanes were no longer secure because of the War with the USA.

Estimates of the quantity of gold bullion amassed from the above-mentioned countries was 6,000 TONS or more. It was possible that 8,100 TONS of precious metals and stones had also been collected. To this could be added the monies made from the control of the Asian drug trade over the past decade. It was decided that what was left would be hidden away for safety until after the end of the war. After that, it would be recovered; if the War was lost, it would not benefit the enemy.

BACK to PEAR
INDEX

Memory Stimulators.
1943 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Watch on the Rhine; The Outlaw; Jack London; Dixie; Young and Willing; So Proudly We Hail!; Gung Ho!; The North Star

1943 - Following January 8,
The Germans refused capitulation of Stalingrad; the Soviet military decide on the desperate move of "liquidation by force". They force a wedge of troops through the German lines on January 25. By February 2, both the German southern contingent and the northern contingent have capitulated. 90,000 German P.O.W.s are captured.

1943 - On January 11,
Anxiety was increasing in Berlin regarding the completion of the 4 gas chamber - crematoria combinations at Auschwitz.
Plans for the extermination of the Jews were moving faster and smoother than expected.
The first transports were being loaded with Jewish civilians and the gas chamber and crematoria combinations were overdue for completion. A report followed from the camp on January 23. Finally, on January 29, a notice was received from the camp that the administration there was now ready to begin receiving Jewish captives for simultaneous gassing and cremation procedures. The notice was signed by an executive of the major German power producing utility. On March 13, 600 Jews would be exterminated in gas chamber - crematorium combination #4.

1943 - Between January 14 to 24,
The Casablanca Conference, between Roosevelt and Churchill decided on the landing in Sicily.
Roosevelt called for Germany's "Unconditional Surrender."
Principles regarding the systematic bombing of Germany were agreed upon. Maximum civilian damage was opted for above that of military targets. It was rationalized that if a sufficient number of civilians and German people, in general, could be killed or injured, support for the war effort would be cut. It was expected that such targets would also be less defended than military supply factories. Bomber pilots were never told of the true nature of their targets beyond the fact that they were deemed to be of "military significance." There was no public reporting of true enemy damage by any participant.

"Operation Mincemeat" was begun after the Conference to fool German intelligence.
Ewen Montague devised the plan so as to draw Adolf Hitler's and Benito Mussolini's attention away from the upcoming allied invasion of Sicily, Italy. By making the Germans believe that the Invasion would take place from Greece and Sardinia, the allied forces would greatly improve their chances for success.

The plan called for the body of someone who had recently died of drowning or pneumonia and whose corpse could be used by British Military Intelligence. A long search found such a body whose owner had died of pneumonia. After securing permission to use the body, military personnel stored the corpse in refrigeration until the time was correct for him to reappear. The body was dressed in a British Marine officer's uniform and the I.D. of a Major William Martin was put on the body. A briefcase was chained to the wrist of the new "Mr. Martin."

The contents of the briefcase included letters of transfer from various generals.
They made it clear to the reader that Martin was being sent to North Africa because of his expertise in amphibious barges. There were several letters from his father and from his fiancee, Pam, as well as an unpaid bill for an engagement ring and a notice that the bill for his lodging was overdue - all designed to make Major William Martin appear to be an average soldier. Also included were proofs of a military publication, with a letter to General Eisenhower, requesting that he write introductory material for the American edition. Secret letters were also included that revealed that the real allied attack would come NOT from Sicily but from Sardinia and Greece.

To avoid damage to the corpse, it could not be dropped from an airplane, and surface ships and boats presented obvious targets for inspection or destruction. It had to be delivered by submarine. A torpedo-shaped canister was built so that it would release the body when opened. It would contain dry ice in order to keep the oxygen out and keep the body fresh. After much difficulty, including getting boots onto the corpse's feet, the container with the body and the briefcase was loaded aboard the submarine "Seraph". It proceeded to the planned site, near Huelva, Spain, where the body was removed from the canister and "launched".

Days later, the naval attache in Madrid sent a signal that Major Martin's body had been recovered off Huelva. The British immediately issued urgent requests through Spanish diplomatic channels requesting the return of all of the papers which Martin was carrying. Eventually, the courier's papers were returned. Tests showed that the letters had been opened and resealed. Major Martin was buried in Spain, and his name and those of his imaginary plane's crew were added to the list of casualties for the week.

The information in the "secret" letters was sent to Berlin, where the German intelligence service totally believed it. A cablegram informed Winston Churchill that the "Mincemeat swallowed whole" by the Germans. Admiral Doenitz, the commander-in-chief of the German navy, had read the letters and initialled them. Doenitz met with Hitler near that time. General Rommel was sent from Italy to Greece to take charge of the operations there - as if the Germans expected an attack from Greece. When the allies invaded Sicily, they encountered little in the way of resistance. Most of the defenses of the enemy had been relocated to the northern end of the island of Sicily on the day of the invasion.

The American preparation was totally different.
Extending their US Navy - Mafia Project, the Allied invasion of Sicily was given Top Priority.
On the word of Lucky Luciano (public enemy number one serving 60-years-to-life in prison) American Sicilians were encouraged to submit their memento photos and descriptions of Sicily to Naval Intelligence to prepare the American forces for the landing. Those who resisted, were reminded that it was "America who has given you your bread."

1943 - In February,
CP-1 (nuclear pile) was moved from Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. to its intended site in the Argonne Forest, about 20 miles southwest of Chicago, where it was rebuilt as CP-2. The construction of the facilities had been delayed by the winter freezing the site. All metal and graphite samples were tested here before transportation to the Hanford plutonium production reactors in Washington State. Half the world's yearly production of cadmium was ordered in the form of foil to cover the top of the reactor. Beryllium would come into use for reasons opposite that of cadmium: it was a low absorber of neutrons.

1943 -
Three plutonium production reactors were built at Hanford, Washington State.
The location was chosen because it was close to the power of the Grand Coulee Dam, the proposed cooling systems would require 75,000 gallons per minute of clean, cold water, a huge reservation of some 500,000 acres could be acquired in this desert surrounded locale. About 60,000 people were employed at the height of the construction. Sand storms were frequent. The local USAF base mistook the radar image of geese flocks for attacking enemy planes. Japanese fire-carrying balloons did drift overhead in significant numbers at times.

Technical director at Hanford was Crawford Greenewalt of the Du Pont Corp.; John A. Wheeler was a close collaborator from Princeton University. The reactors were built twice as big as required, for added safety reasons. Large amounts of aluminum piping, millions of square feet of high-density pressed wood, thousands of tons of steel plate and t-foot concrete walls added to the list of supplies. Plutonium began to be shipped to Los Alamos 2 months after construction was complete and the reactors operational.

The irradiated uranium slugs were dissolved in an outside nitric acid bath in concrete "canyons" to procure enriched uranium. Radioactive iodine and dinitrogen tetroxide brown gas clouds were released which cooled and condensed onto the surrounding vegetation thereby entering the food chain. When the slugs were pushed out of the reactors after 3 months into a 20-foot deep pool of water, the gamma rays emitted by the long-lived fission products in the slugs moved through the water for a short distance tearing off electrons from the water molecules producing an electric field with a velocity of vibration faster than that of light in water. The Cerenkov effect was a pale blue fuzzy glow surrounding each slug like an aura.

The Hanford reactors operated to a maximum power level of 100 megawatts.
The design for and the construction of the plant had taken 18 months; construction of a reactor in the 1970s would take 10 years. Hanford's power was dumped back into the river rather than converted to electricity and it ran at lower temperatures than nuclear-electric power plants. At the end of the war, Du Pont would be released from its obligations and the plant would be taken over by the General Electric Corporation.

1943 - In February,
The U.S.S.R. begins its atomic bomb project under the direction of Igor Kurchatov, after the government is told that their is a large, secret atomic bomb project in the U.S.A. Otto Frisch, at the University of Birmingham, England and his assistant Klaus Fuchs, were measuring the cross-section of uranium for radium-beryllium neutrons and was beginning some experiments on separating the isotopes of uranium using uranium hexafluoride gas, diffusing it through porous metal membranes.

In the midst of this, James Chadwick, head of physics at the University of Liverpool, arranged for them to join the Los Alamos Laboratory under the Churchill-Roosevelt agreement. It would not be known until after the war that Fuchs was a believer in communism and passed all he knew and learned to the U.S.S.R. effort. Josif Stalin could be expected from his background to feel abandoned and excluded by the allies who were refusing to jointly include the U.S.S.R. in confidence in their plans. Typically, the U.S.S.R. was, and was received as, the poor, uneducated, vengeful, pitied giant by other large nations.

At the beginning of February, Churchill was making alliances with Turkey.
The U.S.S.R. had surrounded the German Army at Stalingrad and taken its surrender; 45,000 soldiers were taken prisoner. Churchill inspected troops through Algeria and negotiated with the French while being irked by the three-month gap in the allied offensive plan between the capture of Tunisia and the invasion of Sicily.

By mid-month he was grieving that while the Russians were chasing 185 German divisions around, neither British or Americans would be engaged with the Germans through April, May and June. Through the next 2 weeks, Churchill would be ill with pneumonia, while Eisenhower's troops in North Africa were taking a beating from the German General Rommel. The Americans lost 170 tanks, setting back at least a month the capture of Tunis, and threatening to delay the date of the invasion of Sicily. By the end of the month, American success began to increase.

1943 -
Josif Stalin, as head of the USSR, was at times blunt and aggressive in his demands for assistance from the USA for armour-plate steel for tanks and other supplies to build their defense against the Germans.$1 billion in commitments were made by the USA. Delivery was slower than expected because the USA placed their own strength of participation first, high losses in shipments around Norway (25%) from German U-boats, and the American procurement bureaucracy. This, plus Great Britain's refusal to mount an Anglo-American invasion across the English Channel as soon as the USA entered the war to alleviate the German assault on the Soviets, encouraged the sensitive Stalin to feel that he was not being treated as an equal ally.

1943 - Early in the year,
Ferdinand Marcos formed "his" secret organization in Manila, and called it "Ang Mga Maharlika" (Noble Studs): the original organization had been formed by one of his friends, Cipriano Alles, in August, 1942. Alles was captured early in 1943 and his group of spies fell apart. Ferdinand declared that he had enlisted spies, saboteurs and assassins throughout Manila: military intelligence documents would later show that most of those who associated with Marcos were forgers, pickpockets, gunmen, and racketeers.

Others were part of the Ilocano blackmarket syndicate and were engaged in extortion, theft, profiteering, and occasional atrocities. Instead of the publicized political guerilla group, it was no more than a group of criminals. Control over the Philippines did take a different tone from the past. Instead of gangs of criminals competing for territory, one integrated underworld syndicate, the Maharlika, were becoming dominant.

True guerilla forces were organized in various parts of the Philippines by the time the Americans returned in force, in October, 1944. Less political, smaller gangs also formed to settle old feuds or exploit the markets. Some gangs of thieves and murderers were operated under the direction of Philippine lawyers for the purpose of acquiring supplies for the Japanese and others such as steel cables and copper wiring.

During a general amnesty in October 1943, Cipriano was released from prison.
He had "learned" the benefits of being the Marcos style of guerilla; he joined Marcos and became known for scrap metal deals in the black market. Sergio Osmena, Jr., the son of the vice-president, who was in exile, made a fortune selling scrap metal to the Japanese. After the War, U.S. Army Intelligence confirmed, but kept secret, that Marcoses organization was a "buy-sell" organization and not a fighting unit.

As a front for their commercial activities, the Marcos Maharlika started a trading company called the Ex-Servicemen's Corporation (TESCO). Mariano Marcos, the full-time Japanese propagandist was listed as chairman of the board. Many of Ferdinand's relatives occupied other stations in the company. The profiteering, smuggling and other activities carried out by the Maharlika were later declared by Marcos to have been for the purpose of sabotage and spying yet no documents ever supported such a fact; the real purpose was to make money for themselves.

During this period, Ferdinand Marcos also worked part-time for Jose Laurel, who in turn, with Manuel Roxas and Jose Vargas comprised the administration set up locally under the authority of the Japanese. Laurel was minister of the interior and his constabulatory and intelligence divisions were charged with tracking down, ambushing, betraying, torturing, and occasionally, beheading filipino and American guerillas. Those employed to do the work - swindlers, pimps, whores, racketeers, crooks and ex-convicts comprised a large group which, being well paid by their leaders, formed a close organized society. Laurel had look been in favour of Philippine independence and against the American domination. He also believed that constitutional dictatorships would eventually replace democracies throughout the world.

During February, the "Battle of the Coral Sea", followed by the American victory at Guadalcanal began to halt the Japanese advance and American and Filipino spies began to trickle back into the Philippines by submarine.

1943 - In March,
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory construction was started with the directive to develop the thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb in addition to building and testing the first nuclear bomb. Because the destruction expected from such a bomb would exceed the area of any military target, it was expected that it would be chiefly used against civilians. Rabi and Fermi openly opposed it. Oppenheimer was appointed Director.

Los Alamos is situated on a mesa of pumice and lava outflow at 7,000 feet altitude.
The area was desolate and subject to flash floods after rainstorms.
Cyclotrons, betatrons, Van De Graaffs and other machinery was borrowed or bought from universities and shipped to Los Alamos.

R.R. Wilson, from Princeton had invented a way of moving things around in a vacuum tank by pushing a metal or glass rod through a rubber sleeve. Wilson and John Manley were two of the first scientists on the site. Eventually, at their probing and the suggestions of Isadore Rabi and Robert Bacher, Robert Oppenheimer had to exchange the role of theorist for administrator and leader. Personnel numbers rose to include 2,000 scientists plus support staff and families plus 2,000 Army.

Edward U. Condon, an authority on quantum mechanics, microwave electronics and radioactivity, had been called to serve on the National Defense Research Committee in 1940. In 1941, he had served on the Roosevelt Committee on Uranium Research. After directing work on an atom-smasher and in the general field of uranium fission, he served in 1943 as Oppenheimer's deputy at Los Alamos. After 10 weeks, he resigned, having found the security precautions too limiting. General Leslie Groves, head of the Manhattan Project would later have Condon's passport withdrawn in June 1945 when the physicist was about to attend a conference in Moscow.

Hans Bethe, a world renown physicist, like Oppenheimer, had immigrated to the USA from Strasbourg in 1935. He had worked at Cornell University ever since, and would continue to after the War for many years. He had been invited to and had attended Oppenheimer's first nuclear weapons study group which met at Caltech during the summer of 1942. At Los Alamos, he would be made head of the theory division.

James Tuck was brought in from England, U.K. to work on the thermonuclear problem.
He was an originator of the betatron and would work on determining the cross sections as a function of energies for reactions between deuterium on deuterium and on tritium. As a reflection on his name, the program was named the Sherwood Project. By solving the Taylor instabilities problem of the fission detonation by sculpting the explosives covering the surface of the sphere to produce symmetrically converging shock waves, the Trinity test would be possible. Thereafter, the lenses would be called Tuck lenses.

The Los Alamos Lab opened in April, 1943.

By early 1944, Victor Weisskopf, Rudolf Peierls, Otto Frisch, Robert Serber, and Neils Bohr would be at the Lab. Two critical accidents would happen separately involving Harry Daghlian and Louis Slotin. Both happened under careless and foolish circumstances involving overconfident researchers who had failed to develop a respect for the danger they were playing with. Close calls also occurred from inadequately developed technology to carry out what was intended.

The danger of developing a technology, the elements of which have been shown to you, without your awareness of the power and dangers involved is irresponsible and pursued on the basis of weak-spiritedness: fear and/or greed.

1943 - On April 14,
The People's Commissariat of Defense (GUKR-NKO), better known as SMERSH, an acronym from Smert Shpionam, "Death to Spies" was created by Josif Stalin, U.S.S.R. It was created to confuse German intelligence with still another security agency; to combat desertions and surrenders by evoking the image of an omniscient and brutal military security service; to have an elite patriotic military guard which reported to him as the supreme military commander; it unified the defense leadership of the country in the final stages of the war by assuring a concentration of all military and military counterintelligence reported directly to Stalin. They were from state security and were also responsible for the personal safety of Stalin. This increased his image of power. It grew out of the disasters and massive surrenders following the German invasion of June, 1941. Its services were given over on March 16, 1946, to the newly formed Ministry of State Security (MGB).

1943 - On April 5,
The First Successful Submarine Attack using only Sonar targeting data was carried out by the Soviet submarine "S-51", under the direction of Captain 3rd Rank I. Kucherenko. This attack, and several which followed were carried out in the arctic where visual sightings were difficult due to ice cover and hazardous due to floating ice making evasion, once discovered, difficult. By the end of the War, the Soviet submariners had considerable experience with sonar and, with the availability of Soviet and, after the war, German sonar technology, would have significant potential for future submarine development.

1943 - During May,
The First Major Test of Project Invisibility would take place on the "USS Eldridge".
The intent was to make the vessel invisible to German U-boat radar.
50% of Atlantic shipping was being sunk by German U-boats.
This test was an extension of smaller scale tests demonstrated by Albert Einstein and Nicola Tesla during 1938/9. Dogs and cats were placed aboard the vessel in cages. A massive generator then was engaged to produce huge electrical and magnetic fields. Afterward, a boarding crew found problems with the remaining animals including disorientation and radiation burns. A number of the animals were missing. Nevertheless, the experiment was taken as a success because the ship had briefly disappeared from view.

1943 - In May,
The Peenemunde Installation was photographed by RAF reconnaissance, following a tip to London from the Polish underground that both a pilotless jet-propelled aircraft (V-1) and a rocket (V-2) were being developed there. Both weapons were part of the German "weapons of reprisal" (Vergeltungswaffen) series of armaments.

1943 - During June,
Extermination Procedures became Fully Operational at Auschwitz.
Now, all 4 units were completed and fully active: 4756 persons were being murdered each day. There would be no shortage of victims until the USSR troops liberated the camp in January, 1945. By that time, at least 1,100,000 persons will have been murdered at this singular camp.

1943 - In June,
The REDs begin to interact with humans.
They are disheartened by the amount of strife existing between human groups.
They are limited by their spiritual ethics from manipulating the circumstances in the context of forcing specific outcomes but can take actions such that humanity is encouraged to grow spiritually and to have choices for their future. To this end they begin to enter and contribute to human society as Walk-Ins.

By time travel, a technology they possess, they are able to move forward or backward in time to determine the predestined and accomplished history of the location they are at. In doing this for a number of positions on the Earth they learn that - without humans changing their awareness level - humanity is first doomed to be destroyed by a nuclear war.

"Foo fighters" are seen, particularly over Germany, during July to October 1943 as the REDs survey the actions and destruction humans are doing to one another and to the environment. The foo fighters are described by pilots as "balls of light" moving exceedingly fast past them and able to stop and change direction in an instant. In communication with their home planet, a strategy is devised:

a. A record of past, present, and future development is accumulated by way of time travel.
The most positive intent is to show civilizations in other galaxies an example of how the choices made by a civilization can lead to self-annihilation. Humans are approached, usually on an individual basis, examined, interrogated, informed somewhat and shown a brief scenario of the future. The hope of the REDs is that those so exposed will consciously become aware of the meaning of the arrival of the REDs and the pictures they display of the future.

They find that most humans have high degrees of fear and insecurity and are not very spiritual compared to the REDs. This makes communication and transference of thought difficult. It was hoped that if such information and warning could be communicated to other humans, that humanity would join together to prevent the foretold disasters. The REDs had hoped that such humans as they chose would become respected mentors of humanity: none did. It only confirmed to the REDs the degraded level of the human civilization. Many humans were afraid to reveal their experiences to others in case of ostracism; others tried, but were regarded as psychiatrically ill, or had their rights abused by human authorities.

b. The use of "Walk-Ins" to try and stimulate the spiritual growth of humanity.
All living things possess a spirit. The spirit of humans is more complex than most other lifeforms on the Earth, but usually primitive by RED standards. WALK-INS are individual RED spirits which volunteer to "walk into" the lifeform of a human whose spirit is being given up. Persons who are committing suicide or are immediately dying from an acute injury or disease are candidates for Walk-ins.

If the capabilities of the physical body, the mind and the emotions are seen as a workable package by the volunteer RED spirit, then as the "human" weak spirit is leaving the RED spirit replaces it in the human lifeform. Challenges in the human environment which exhaust and defeat the human spirit for lack of spiritual or other coping skills or due to the influence of a deteriorated environment brought on by humans lead to such human spirit defeat. Walk-ins "revive" the human body-emotions-mind with positive spirituality as the sick or suicidal spirit of despair is leaving.

Walk-ins extend the capability of the original personality by contributing a positive spirituality to the physical and emotional qualities and sometimes increasing the intellectual capacity of the person. The person appears to have a "new lease on life", to be "a new person". Their new positive self-directedness and improved self-esteem, increased reverence, increased awareness, and openness to receipt of guidance and strength from God (whom the REDs acknowledge) enable them to become genuses, by human standards. They are committed to positive contribution within the social and occupational field occupied by the previous "human" personality. The Walk-in remains susceptible to the acute risks of any human: accident, disease, assassination or murder.

The intent of the REDs in introducing Walk-ins is to provide positive influences to humanity to lessen hardship and suffering and enable humanity to develop more spiritual approaches to problem resolution by example. The volunteer RED spirit seeks to gain strength and greater purity in its existence by work and involvement which benefits both influential individuals and the masses.

The main strategy of non-interference means that REDs choose not to change the effects of human decisions in order to reverse catastrophes. The logic is that if you do not want to learn, you will not learn, and if you do not learn, you will repeat the error with impunity. Whomever corrects an error to negate its influence is then responsible for the influence of that negation. Greater disharmony may be the result. If humanity chooses not to learn from the mentoring example of the Walk-ins, the outcome is not a responsibility of the REDs: Walk-ins are judged on their ability to set a good example, a choice, to humans. 17 Walk-Ins per year will become a standardized number of arrivals.

By the year 2000, there will have been 969 Walk-Ins; 542 will have been terminated by a "natural" human death of accident, disease, or murder. Many will occupy social positions of influence in human society: teachers, doctors, scientists, ministers, actors, diplomats, negotiators, military officers, engineers, social workers, assistants to politicians, researchers, and others. While REDs are of vastly higher spiritual development than humans, they are not perfect.

Until the year 2000, the REDs will remove 75 humans per year from the Earth to a life of increased peace and awareness aboard one of their mothership bases (4200 persons in total).

The high spiritual development of the REDs prevented them from understanding the frequent response of the more material-dependent and passionate emotional humans which they intended to influence in a positive manner. Their demonstration of their spiritual "energy" forms to the pilots of bombers and fighter escorts on their way to obliterate civilian targets roused fear. Particularly when humans are in groups, the survival of a fearful experience promotes a form of self-confidence and self-worship which encourages the expression of pride.

Many who had seen the "foo" fighters, and survived, would now return to their bases convinced that "god" had protected them in their mission from these fearful aspects; thus, the mission was sanctioned by God and they could adopt their part in it as an expression of faith that it was morally good and correct. A being from a more spiritually advanced culture or species would have expressed wonder and fascination at the appearance of the "energy" bodies, rather than fear, and would have reflected and meditated upon their meaning or relevance.

Before reaching their target, such beings would have uniformly discovered the non-spiritual and immoral nature of their mission, and with spiritual strength, would have aborted their mission and returned en masse to chastise their commanders and leaders. This error of projection and hope would serve to deter a number of well-intentioned actions on behalf of the REDs and confirm the universal law of interstellar space of not interfering with other beings capable of self-direction.

1943 - In July,
Oppenheimer discussed with Compton the possibility that a nuclear uncontrolled chain-reaction (bomb) might also chain-react with the nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere and possibly the hydrogen and oxygen in the oceans and destroy the world. Oppenheimer's group calculated this possibility and came to the conclusion that atomic bombs could not explode the air or the water.

1943 - On July 10,
The Allies Invaded Sicily.
American General Patton and his army drove through to join British General Montgomery.
They met little resistance, thanks to Operation Mincemeat. They were able to pass quickly across the island because of the US Navy - Mafia Project. Human histories afterwards would acclaim the Generals, NO mention would be given to the underlying activities which drew the Germans out of Sicily and allowed the Americans to proceed boldly. Without such intelligence activities, the invasion and the speedy crossing of the island would have been military suicide.

For the public, the media gave full credit to Patton and made him a hero.
It was the first time that Patton was in charge of an army. He inspired the will to kill in his troops and then, with little planning, adopted a version of the German "strike fast and overrun" strategy. His victory gave him courage and apparent support for his independent style. The fact remains that had not the secret Project Mincemeat guaranteed him victory by its success, Patton's troops would have been mincemeat.

The liberation of Italy proceeded.
Meanwhile, Sicily was left in anarchy.
Captain Max Corvo of the US Intelligence team was in charge of the release of political prisoners.
Unfamiliar with the language or the people, Mafia criminals were released together with political prisoners.
How could one know the difference under such circumstances.

The responsibility for re-establishing order fell to the US Military Government, centred in Palermo.
Knowingly or not, they worked with former Mafia members including Colonel Charles Poletti.
Joseph Russo was head of the Palermo bureau of the USA OSS (Office of Strategic Services), forerunner of the CIA. Guided or directed by the US Naval Intelligence practices in the USA, Russo sought out the malevita: the most valued political informers - the discontent Mafioso.

1943 - On July 24,
The appointing of Mayors in Sicily for each town and village became the responsibility of the US Military Government, AMG.
Don Carlo Vizzini was a Mafia leader who had a New York criminal record.
He was appointed mayor of the town of Vilalba. The American Lieutenant in charge introduced Vizzini to the 4000 inhabitants of this administrative centre, in rough Sicilian: "This is your master!". One by one, the AMG appointed mayors: 95% were members of the Mafia.

Sabatore Malta became Mayor of Vallenlunga;
Genco Russo became Civil and Military Affairs Superintendent for Mussomeli - almost half of the region. Now the Mafia had civil and military powers in a country in which 20 years before they had been victimized, hunted down and brutalized. The freedom of the Sicilians by the Americans simply transferred the suppression by the Italian fascist dictatorship to the Mafia godfather.

Vizzini asked the USA what they were going to do about the Communists and was told: "Nothing, they are our allies." The Allies wanted to suppress the growing resistance of the Sicilian peasants to the Communists. Yet the Catholic Church, the landowners and the Mafia all had vested interests in maintaining the feudal system which the Communists threatened to destroy.

1943 - On the night of July 28/29,
Hamburg is bombed by 800-1000 Allied bombers.
A city of 1 million persons is levelled. 800,000 homeless wandered the streets the next day.
Food, shelter and clothing were in need. It was the worst single bombing of the German civilian population so far. It followed a strategy which had been used against Britain in 1940-41: hurt civilians until they beg their leaders to surrender.

Instead, civilian bombing resulted in creating intense anger and hatred in the victims and resulted in acts of vengeance by those surviving. Rather than surrender, the attacks broke the spirit of the British and with hatred, the senior military officials in charge of the bombing of Germany could not send bombers on missions fast enough to sooth their wounded pride and battered self-esteem.

The German civilian, prepared by reports earlier in the War about how much damage their forces had heaped upon the British, were, in general, more understanding of the consequences which now fell on them. The consequences of bombing a largely innocent population would not be well learned by the Americans. They would knowingly repeat the error of the Germans against the advice of their own Generals, in the future. The Soviets would learn from neither and add their failure to a long list of predictable human failures.

The strictly military influence of the Allied bombing raids was negligible.
While some key installations were destroyed or disabled, increased military output from factories in occupied Czechoslovakia, France, Belgium and northern Italy made up for the losses.

1943 - By August,
Eduard Meier, a 6-year-old Swiss boy, weighing only 55 pounds, is asked by his father to wheel a cart filled with dirt out of a deep hole which the father had dug under a portion of the house. The cart weighed 2 or 3 times as much as the boy yet by "using the power" he was able to lift the cart with his thoughts and transport it out of the hole. Meier later said that he had learned the skill from his spaceperson mentor, Sfath, who had taught him how to use everything, how to study to learn.

On another occasion, Meier held a coin in his hand during which time it discoloured, and left a burn blister on his palm: a metallurgist said that the coin would have had to have been heated to 1,500 degrees fahrenheit to change colour. Others saw him hold a 20-centime coin between his thumb and index finger, and etch his fingerprints into the metal. Still others would witness his holding up a spoon, taken from his coffee cup, and its melting into liquid metal and drop in splatters on the table.

1943 - During August,
Peenemunde was attacked by British bombers.
Damage set back research and tests by several months.

1943 - On August 12,
A "Project Invisibility" test involving a full crew aboard USS ??? was carried out while the sailors were performing their routine duties. The huge generators constructed for the project were energized, there was a flash of light, and the ship became radar and visually invisible. After 4 hours, the ship became visible again. A boarding party was dispatched from among the observers positioned on a carrier in the bay. There appeared to be a greenish haze on the deck that dispersed and travelled like a cloud. The crew were milling about and appeared to all be insane. Even though all were young in age, some experienced heart attacks. Some looked dead. Some were on fire. Others walked into space, never to return, and, still others had become part of the superstructure as if melded into the deck or the bulkheads.

The US Navy would deny all reports that the incident ever happened.
The dead were buried; the missing were reported "killed and missing in action" or "lost at sea"; the trapped became disoriented and panic-stricken and were eventually killed by lethal injection of morphine. A few would experience difficulty in remaining in a physical state - eventually terrorizing their families and themselves. Some reports stated that the ship had been seen during its absence in Norfolk Harbour, 275 miles away.

1943 - In September,
Neils Bohr learns that he will be sought shortly by the Nazi Gestapo.
With the aid of the British, he flees to Scotland, then to England.

1943 - In the Autumn,
Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, both emigres living in Britain, went to Los Alamos.
A Jew living in Austria, Frisch had escaped German occupation to Britain where he began work on the problem of separating two isotopes of uranium - U-235 and U-238 - by thermal diffusion, using a vertical tube with a hot wire containing uranium hexafluoride gas.

He and Peierls computed from the sources of this separation that it was entirely possible, with 100,000 such tubes, to separate a few pounds of U-235, enough for a bomb. Soon after that he went to Los Alamos where he conceived and built the Dragon Experiment. Frisch was the first to build a proportional counter that could differentiate between alpha particle emission and fission (1939).

1943 - During the year,
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Tennesee was set up to produce Uranium-235 from Uranium-238, the lighter isotope being used for nuclear weapons.

1943 - During the Fall,
BS5750/ISO 9000 is accepted as a method of standardization of production in Britain, and later in the U.S.A.
It emphasizes a system approach to production with a stream of activities and decisions with procedures outlined at every step to cope with errors and difficulties. Much like a software flowchart, the process lessens the waste created by rejecting sub-standard products by allowing for their recalibration or module replacement; sub-standard products capable of failure are discovered by a series of checks and removed if unable to be corrected in quality.

This standard is adopted largely because munitions factories required foolproof systems of production to protect their workers from injury, safeguard the facilities from destruction, and limit the incidence of unexploded weapons being retrieved and reutilized by the enemy. The standard enabled a procedure to be devised, put into operation and continually refined to provide a rising level of quality and efficiency.

Technology advances very slowly unless propelled by the fear, hatred and greed of war or apparent war. Technological improvements made by humans are hugely labour, time and capital intensive unless transferred from an extraterrestrial culture. Such investments cannot be rationalized as practical unless the basis for war - human inequities (anger, envy, gluttony, greed, lust, pride, sloth, vice, weakness, fear, hate) provides the motivational factor.

Often, such innovations require a focus nearing that of compulsion to enable the persistence of the originator towards the discovery of a solution which is unknown yet believed in. Such persistence must overcome the usual disbelief and ostracism which is expressed at the family, social, religious and political levels - with the usual exception of military research for "national security".

1943 - By October,
Hans V.Tofte, a Dane working with USA Major General "Wild Bill" Donovan, the "Office of Strategic Services" (OSS) chief, supplied Josip Broz Tito and his partisan bands with arms. These would confuse, annoy, and divert German troop activities out of Italy and prepare the way for the landing of American troops later. Without this and other covert programs, the American troops would have been decimated when the time came and would have been unsuccessful.

When Singapore had fallen to the Japanese, Hans V. Tofte had returned to the USA and exchanged his rank of brevet major in the Indian Army to enlist in the American Army as a private. Tofte's experience and abilities quickly came to the attention of Donovan. The British had been parachuting arms, ammunition, and other supplies into the mountain stronghold camps of Yugoslav patriots fighting against the Germans. The supplies were insufficient to enable much of a resistance to build as well as dangerous and costly if any of the aircraft were shot down. Tofte immediately thought that this procedure was too slow and too inefficient.

Drawing upon his maritime and guerilla experience, he organized a flotilla of 44 old schooners, trawlers, and rusty tramp steamers and otherwise worthless coastal vessels, manned them with refugee Yugoslavs, and set up a seaborne supply service across the Adriatic from the Italian port of Bari to the island of Vis off the Yugoslav coast. Each night, each ship would carry as much war materiel as the British airdrops had supplied in a month. Tito would later become president of Yugoslavia; Tofte would be awarded the USA Legion of Merit medal.

1943 - During October,
Carlos Allende, of the Philadelphia Harbour Merchant Marine, witnessed what would later be described as "The Philadelphia Experiment" or "Project Invisibility".

"... The 'result' was complete invisibility of a ship, Destroyer type, and all of its crew, While at Sea. (Oct. 1943) The Field Was effective in an oblate spheroidal shape, extending 100 yards (More or Less, due to Lunar position & Latitude) out from each beam of the ship. Any Person Within that sphere became vague in form BUT He too observed those Persons aboard that ship as though they too were of the same state, yet were walking on nothing. Any person without that sphere could see Nothing save the clearly Defined shape of the Ships Hull in the Water, ....

If you choose to go Mad then you would reveal this information.
Half of the officers and the crew of that Ship are at Present, Mad as Hatters.
A few, and even Yet confined to certain areas where they May receive trained Scientific aid when they, either, 'Go Blank' or 'Go Blank" & Get Stuck.' Going Blank IS Not at all an unpleasant experience to Healthy Curious Sailors. However it is when also, they 'Get Stuck' that they call it "HELL' INCORPORATED' The Man thusly stricken can Not Move of his own volition unless two or More of those who are within the field go & touch him, quickly, else he 'Freezes'.

If a Man Freezes, His position Must be Marked out carefully and then the Field is cut-off.
Everyone but that 'Frozen' Man is able to Move; to appreciate apparent Solidity again. Then, the Newest Member of the crew Must approach the Spot, where he will find the 'Frozen' Mans face or Bare skin, that is Not covered by the usual uniform Clothing. Sometimes, It takes only an hour or so Sometimes all Night & all DayLong & Worse It once took 6 months, to get The Man 'Unfrozen. 'This 'Deep Freeze' was not psychological. It is the Result of a Hyper-Field that is set up, within the field of the Body. While The 'Scorch' Field is turned on & this at Length or upon a Old Hand.

A Highly complicated Piece of Equipment Had to be constructed in order to Unfreeze those who became 'True Froze' or 'Deep Freeze' subjects. Usually a 'Deep Freeze' Man goes Mad, Stark Raving, Gibbering, Running MAD, if His 'freeze' is far More than a Day in our time.

'I speak of TIME for DEEP 'Frozen Men' are Not aware of Time as We know it.
They are Like Semi-comatose person, who Live, breathe, Look & feel but still are unaware of So Utterly Many things as to constitute a 'Nether World' to them. A Man in an ordinary common Freeze is aware of Time, Sometimes acutely so. Yet They are Never aware of Time precisely as you or I are aware of it.

The First 'Deep Freeze' As I said took 6 months to Rectify.
It also took over 5 Million Dollars (1943 USA $s ?) worth of Electronic equipment & Special Ship Berth. If around or Near the Philadelphia Navy Yard you see a group of Sailors in the act of Putting their Hands upon a fellow or upon 'thin air', observe the Digits & appendages of the Stricken Man. If they seem to Waver, as tho within a Heat-Mirage, go quickly & Put YOUR Hands upon Him, For that Man is The Very Most Desperate of Men in The World. Not one of those Men ever want at all to become again invisible. I do Not think that Much More Need be said as to Why Man is Not Ready for Force-Field Work. Eh?

You Will Hear phrases from these Men such as 'Caught in the Flow (or the Push) or 'Stuck in the Green' or 'Stuck in Molasses' or 'I was 'going' FAST', These Refer to Some of the Decade-Later after effects of Force-Field Work. 'Caught in the Flow' Describes exactly the 'Stuck in molasses' sensation of a Man going into a 'Deep Freeze' or 'Plain Freeze' either of the two. 'Caught in the Push' can either refer to That Which a Man feels Briefly WHEN he is either about to inadvertently 'Go-Blank' IE Become Invisible' or about to 'Get Stuck' in a 'Deep Freeze' or 'Plane Freeze.'

There are only a few of the original Experimental D-E's Crew Left by Now, Sir Most went insane, one just walked 'throo' His quarters Wall in sight of his Wife & Child & 2 other Members (WAS NEVER SEEN AGAIN), two 'Went into 'The Flame,'I.E. They 'Froze' & caught fire, while carrying common Small-Boat Compasses, one Man carried the compass & Caught fire, the other came for the 'Laying on of Hands' as he was nearest but he too, took fire. THEY BURNED FOR 18 DAYS. The faith in 'Hand Laying' Died When this Happened & Mens Minds Went by the scores. The experiment Was a Complete Success. The Men Were Complete Failures. ...."

"Notes in addition to and pertaining to Missive.

... I wish to Mention that Somehow, also, The Experimental Ship Disappeared from its Philadelphia Dock and only a Very few Minutes Later appeared at its other Dock in the Norfolk, Newport News, Portsmouth area. This was distinctly AND clearly Identified as being that place BUT the ship then, again, Disappeared And Went Back to its Philadelphia Dock in only a Very few Minutes or Less. ...."

In a public incident at a nearby bar, a group of sailors appeared to walk into the bar from a back room. The bar did not have a back room. They had walked through the back wall.

1943 -
At the Department of Energy Hanford site in Richland, Washington, a reprocessing plant for spent nuclear reactor fuel was built. Its purpose was to recover the plutonium from the spent fuel, a process which produced a large volume of highly radioactive heat-producing wastes. To store these wastes, Hanford built 149 single-shell and 28 double-shell underground carbon steel temporary storage tanks ranging in volume between 55,000 and 1 million gallons. The single-shell tanks were constructed between 1944 to 1964. They had an originally estimated lifetime of 20 years. New wastes have not been added to single-shell tanks since 1980. Residual liquid has been transferred from single-shell to double-shell tanks since 1980.

From 1954 to 1957, the DOE added sodium and potassium ferrocyanide and nickel sulphate to precipitate out the heat producing, hazardous, and relatively long-lived radioactive isotope cesium-137. The remaining liquid was then pumped into underground structures to percolate into the surrounding soil. Under the right conditions and high enough temperatures, ferrocyanides and nitrates react to release large amounts of heat, with an explosive potential. In 1990, significant concern was shown that the 140 metric tons of cyanide contained in 22 single-shell tanks plus 45 metric tons contained in 2 others could deteriorate in this manner in the near future.

1943 - By November,
Foo Fighters had been reported by American and British pilots near Truk Lagoon in Japan.
B-29 bomber crews reported strange objects that flew at fantastic speeds and glowed from orange to red and white, and back to orange again. One pilot saw 15 of them during one day, describing them as 5-foot golden spheres that shone with a metallic glitter. Near Truk Lagoon, b-29 crews reported the balls came up from below their cockpits, hovered over their tails, winked their lights from red to orange, then back to red, then to white. One pilot said they glowed with an eerie red phosphorescence and had no wings, fins or fuselage.

Allied fighter pilots thought they must be secret German experimental devices designed to cause fear and confusion. Intelligence officers figured they were radio-controlled objects launched to baffle radar. The Germans and Japanese thought they were secret weapons launched by the Allies. Scientists in New York City surmised that everyone had been seeing "Saint Elmo's lights," small balls of luminescence often connected with metal during electrical storms. The Army Air Forces dismissed the whole episode as a result of "war nerves" and "mass hallucination".

1943 - By November,
Ferdinand Marcos, in the Philippines, was declaring himself to Douglas MacArthur as the leader of two guerilla groups, the original leaders of which he knew had been executed: they didn't know who he was. He sent erroneous messages to MacArthur of Japanese troop strength, number of trucks, tanks, artillery pieces, and other materiel. In October he reported that the Japanese troop strength on Luzon alone was 142,000. Their maximum strength in the Philippines for most of the War was less than 60,000.

MacArthur, in appreciation, promoted Marcos from Captain to Major.
Both the Japanese and Laurel would be happy that the Americans would stay away.
Several times during the War, Marcos would be treated for "Blackwater fever" and other complaints for 5 and 6 months at a time, in Japanese hospitals. Marcos would later speak of his bravery during such events saying that the Japanese were too stupid to recognize who he really was.

1943 - By November,
63 V-1 Launch Sites had been located on the English Channel near Peenemunde by the British and American Air Forces.

1943 - During the Winter,
The Soviet Atomic Bomb Program is started by Stalin under the leadership of Igor Kurchatov. Soviet espionage networks in the U.S.A. had sent word to Josif Stalin earlier about the formation of the Manhattan Project of the U.S.A. Kurchatov was not part of the old intelligentsia, which Stalin feared, and he had demonstrated his faithfulness as a Communist and his expertise as an experimentalist. He was known for his inner self-discipline and organization.

The very first installation built for Kurchatov was a "mailbox" under the cover name of the "Laboratory of Measuring Instruments". Mailboxes were names given to classified facilities in the U.S.S.R. to keep them secret. They did not have recognizable addresses, only postal box numbers. In the future, complete cities would be constructed by penal and forced labour for particular industrial activities, only to be known by their postal codes, with no mention on any map. The Laboratory for Measuring Instruments became the headquarters for the Soviet "Manhattan Project".

1943 - On November 29,
Neils Bohr and his son Aage sail from Glasgow, Scotland, to New York City, USA.

1943 - On December 6,
Neils Bohr arrives in New York City and is assigned a codename, Nicholas Baker, by USA military intelligence. His son, Aage, is given the codename, James Baker. Both are assigned bodyguards. During much of the month, after a debriefing by national security officers, they will meet with officials in Washington, D.C.

1943 - During December,
Lt. Commander Thomas Townsend Brown suffers a nervous breakdown and is retired from the US Naval Reserve.
He had discovered the Biefield-Brown Effect in 1924.
He had shown a childhood interest in astronomy and spaceflight and had worked for 4 years at an observatory. In the early 1930s he had worked at the NRL as a specialist in radiation, field physics and spectroscopy. He had been the senior officer in charge of magnetic and acoustic minesweeping research and development. He had been head of the USA Navy's Atlantic Fleet Radar School. He was under a great amount of pressure to save the country from invasion by a demonic enemy. He was closely aware of the submarine attacks on both shores of the USA and of the rising incidence and description of "Foo Fighters" over Europe. His Electromagnetic Propulsion Program had initially been set up to develop technologies capable of knocking submarines out of service and enemy rockets out of the skies. He had sought to extend this mandate.

He was aware of the effort being made by both Germany and the USA to develop an "unbelievable" nuclear weapon. He himself had proposed the building of electromagnetic - electrostatic propelled craft which could surpass any German jet aircraft. Over the years he had seen UFOs, particularly during his days at the observatory. They didn't make sense then; now they presented new possibilities for the imaginative and open mind.

In mid-1943, the Navy, desperate for a defense strategy that would have ultimate success, had bought Brown's dream of an EMG spherical craft. USA military aircraft were split between the Army and the Navy; the Army was dominant. The Manhattan Project was an Army program under the leadership of General Groves. What could the Navy do? The Navy had an "Above Top Secret" research program first, for the development of anti-submarine, anti-missile technology - and then, with Brown's new ideas, added the possibility of superior armament delivery - the ultimate bomber. To the President, the Army was building the ultimate weapon; the Navy was building the ultimate delivery craft.

With the radar and visual descriptions of the Foo Fighters, Brown quickly deduced that they represented the kind of super-speed craft which he had envisioned. With the abysmally slow progress of his research and the difficulties it was presenting, successful development of a practical model in the foreseeable future was impossible. These "Foo Fighters" had been seen primarily over Germany: either Germany already had developed them, or ... Whomever had these "weapons", their technology far surpassed anything Brown could conceive of developing in the near future.

Unknown to him, human exposure to high electromagnetic fields on a recurrent basis, while under other forms of high negative stress (chemical, emotional, social, psychological, spiritual) encourage the development of a sensitivity to ANY level of electromagnetic energy (EMG). Frequent symptoms of EMG sensitivity include: immediate and chronic fatigue whenever close to an EMG source; decreased ability to concentrate; associated depression; compromised immune system.

Health professionals in North America (99% of them) would neither understand this ailment, be able to diagnose it, nor be able to offer any remedial options (other than total rest and institutional care) to the end of the century. The status quo would focus on more authority- and profit-biased healthcare methods. The growing urgency of the work, the growing alarming suggestions of catastrophe, and his growing sensitivity and its direction over his behaviours resulted in a nervous collapse now.

Bewildered, Navy physicians, declared him unfit for service and retired him.
Without him, or someone with his capabilities, the program would go nowhere beyond the theory stage.
After the war, it would be disbanded. To save embarrassment, the records would be destroyed.

1943 - Late in the year,
The gold bullion and other precious items stockpiled by the Japanese in the Philippines over the previous decade had begun to be buried. The American submarine campaign, armed with effective new torpedoes, had cut the sealanes connecting the Philippines with Japan. Almost 8,000 Filipino troops and over 2,000 American troop had been captured at Bataan when General MacArthur was routed.

They had, with some loss of life along the way, been herded into camps at the old Spanish dungeon of Fort Santiago and Camp O'Donnell, a concentration camp. Hiding the wealth now had reached a state of urgency. It was imperative to hide it quickly with the use of expendable labour. Prisoners-of-war (POWs) would be considered more expendable than their own Japanese troops or the civilian population which the Japanese hoped to govern.

Some of the bullion and precious materials was taken by truck convoy to the mountains, near the huge Benguet mines in Baguio. There it was hidden in tunnels or caves and sealed with concrete. Other quantities were buried in deep pits outside of Manila. Other quantities were sunk on coral reefs blasted open for that purpose, and then corked with coral and concrete. Beneath Fort Santiago, long tunnels were dug to hold some.

British, Australian, American and Filipino prisoners were forced to dig these pits and tunnels during late 1943 and 1944, only to be buried alive. The Japanese, whose Shinto religion taught that your spirit leaves the body yet stays in presence on the Earth after death, expected that this method would guarantee that the prisoners would never reveal the location to others, and, that their spirits would guard the treasure.

To be additionally secure, Japanese engineers rigged elaborate booby-traps at each site, carefully armed with 1,000 and 2,000 pound bombs. Access would only be safely made if the excavator followed precise technical directions described on secret maps. As a final precaution, the maps were inscribed in ancient and esoteric Japanese characters not used for over 1,000 years.

In all there would be 138 land locations and 34 water locations - 172 sites.
At each site were layers of human bone - skulls, hands, arms - placed to indicate that the recoverer was proceeding correctly. Prisoners and workmen not buried alive had been beheaded.

1943 - On December 28,
Neils Bohr leaves Washington, D.C. on his way to the Los Alamos Laboratory.

1943 - On December 31,
Robert Oppenheimer calls a meeting of some of the scientists at Los Alamos Lab to introduce Neils Bohr and allow him to tell what he knows of the German idea of a nuclear bomb. Earlier, Bohr, had drawn a diagram of what he remembers Heisenberg talking to him about. So primitive is Bohr theoretical knowledge of nuclear physics at this point, he does not know that the diagram is of a reactor and not a bomb until someone points out that reality.

It would not be known until after the War that the Germans had intended to produce plutonium with the reactor, an intent since August of 1941. For the remainder of the War, Heisenberg would stubbornly and possessively and proudly hold to the idea of uranium strips in a heavy water bath. Such a combination would frustrate his efforts to make either plutonium or a weapon.