A brief consideration of these factors indicates that many can be altered according to cultural perception and political structure. That is, mass societies have been required, in order to afford the material surpluses and profits necessary to "afford" this form of independent, idiosyncratic, focused, time-consuming, identity- and freedom-challenging, spiritual activity. As Sprague de Camp (1960) suggests, simplistic statistical analysis would conclude that it would take a band of 45 persons 100 years to produce one invention.

There is hardly a human adult who has not had a invention inspiring dream, either resulting in a waking from sleep or a passing emotional delight during day-dreaming or meditation. The difficulty here is that few persons focus on this short-term image and repeat it consciously long enough to place it into their long-term memory. Nor, are they prepared with a pencil and paper, or other recoding device, to note it for future reference. Nor are they prepared in attitude to expect that they will have such an encounter and that it will be beneficial enough to record. It is this attitude of preparation and self-expectancy which could be modelled and taught in every home and school, yet is not. Insights arrive suddenly, and just as suddenly are usually lost.

Human history has not produced an example of a mass society (to 1996) which encourages positive self-esteem and positive self-expectancy. All such political structures have been human-based authority systems which indoctrinate the infant with the belief that a few persons are deserving of elitist power and authority and, for most persons, they are not part of that elite. That is, in a human-based authority system the masses of the population must accept a role of follower, subservience, worker, soldier, ... in expectation that those with the role of leader will preserve justice, order, and prosperity for their benefit. In essence, the majority of the participants in human mass societies are imprinted, trained, educated and rewarded for having low self-esteem.

As an extension of this "I need human direction" role, a moderate to high degree of low self-expectancy is introduced. That is, such persons often express the attitude of expecting to fail at anything which is new to them. The persistent and immediate judgement of such efforts by most of those persons with sanctioned authority over them quickly reinforces the expectation that if they try anything and fail on the first attempt, they are absolute failures. Inventors either fail to learn these attitudes, react against them, or, simply ignore them. They have adequate experience, perhaps by necessity of survival, competitive motivation, or a personal sense of professionalism - to believe that they can, and will, succeed. That makes them exceptional.

Increasingly through the history ahead, the inventions which will change life for the masses will often come from the persistent, usually self-financed, playful experimentation of the inventor. Such persons often find that the freedom which they require to explore and test their insights must be a solitary one. It is often also a fact that those individuals who have become financially successful in a more conservative manner have little inclination to pursue such risk-filled "waste-of-time" activities.

Few politically powerful or socially well-to-do individuals and their families would risk ostracism by openly admitting to believing that such fantasies or miracles of which inventors speak were also shared by themselves. Thus, frequently, those with the resources to market and distribute an invention are not those who develop them. At the same time, the inspired individual, who is often considered a loner, anti-social, idiosyncratic person - often does not have unlimited resources to begin with and is seldom so totally employed in time so as to afford time for experimentation and still provide a goodly income.

Thus, many inventors must live a frugal life in which experimentation and testing requires considerable self-sacrifice. When married, this requirement can place considerable strain on the marital and family relationships which can result in the inventor having to weather for long periods of time accusations of selfishness, irresponsibility, and similar terms of personal degradation.

It is not unusual that by the time the invention has been perfected, no capital or assets remain to take it to the market. Many inventions die for this reason, only to be secretly reinvented elsewhere, by others, independently, until the combination of completion of development AND capital for marketing and production occur. The successful inventor is the one who can find a way of melding his development skill with a skill of financing - often two very different fields of activity.

The risk involved with inventiveness is often proportional to the degree of departure from current concepts and technology, the degree of complexity of the design or plan, the amount of effort and capital required to build a prototype or test a theory, and, the amount of "correction" which must be made to the original perspective or design before something worthy of production for the masses is completed. Whether the invention "works" on the first attempt, works but continually requires updating and modification after the 12th model, or, must be "tweaked" and tested thousands of times before a working example appears - no inventor knows at the outset.

The primary factors which determine the "risk" of such a development - a valid insight, a beneficial result, self-motivation, a high degree of persistence and flexibility of thinking, and a spiritual appreciation within the inventor - are seldom considered by an outside financing source. It is frequently only this combination of factors which will enable any would-be inventor, regardless of the amount of financing available, which will result in success.

Consequently, when venture capitalists, investment "angels" and institutional sources of financing consider the business plans of inventors - their requirements of extensive success in a particular field of commerce, apparent relevant education or experience, personal assets and guarantees, a demonstrated market (difficult to establish for a product yet to be developed), and a great profit potential - plus a willingness to assign part of the ownership to another party - is often at odds with the process and reality of invention.

These are some of the reasons why many inventors fail. It is easier not to try.
It is more socially acceptable to be conventional. It is more socially acceptable to concentrate on providing yourself and your family with a moderate standard of status quo lifestyle. It is less aggravating to follow the status quo role which friends, family and the general society appear to have selected for you from birth. It is less challenging to not raise questions and possibilities which most other people seem incapable of understanding, unable to image the benefits of, or unwilling to provide encouragement for. It is immensely more satisfying for many persons to appreciate any stable material standard of living rather than to depreciate that standard of living for an indeterminate period of time without any guarantee of repayment or financial success beyond that of faith in one's ability to receive inspiration and take that inspiration to a successful conclusion.

In addition, the inventor may be frequently encumbered by "roadblocks" which would signal failure and an ultimate dead-end to most other persons. Few societies provide any coping skills or mechanisms for such difficulties and many do just the opposite by encouraging feedback which, in essence say, "If you aren't ready for failure, don't start." Beyond the possibility of such common obstacles as technical misinformation or irrelevancy from so-called experts, inappropriate working conditions and tools, inadequate skills, loneliness and abandonment, - the final straw may be trying to "sell" one's invention to a financier who seems to live in a different world, speak a different language, and is inclined to discount you as a lunatic.

This willingness to discourage the individual who is capable of "creative thinking" and who is enthusiastic about a perceptual or technical development which he or she believes will benefit most members of the society is most influential and disheartening when expressed by one's own family, friends and associates. On the one hand, some individuals will take the opportunity at each sign of a setback to tell the inventor that they "knew" that the inventor would fail because .... This demonstration of childish insecurity in not being assertive enough and concerned enough about their son, daughter, brother, sister, close friend, ... to tactfully mention their suspicion earlier only encourages the inventor to be more secretive about future intents, failures and successes. Indeed, some of this communication resistance may have been brought about by the excessive enthusiasm and commitment of the inventor originally and their lack of ability required to acknowledge criticism constructively. Both of these destructive communication patterns are learned by modelling the general reactions of the society: intolerance.

All of the above factors either contribute to the modification of the would-be inventor's personality towards isolation and secretiveness, or, such a personality in the beginning enables the person to cope better with the decidedly anti-inventive attitudes and behaviours of the general public. This environment becomes a double-edged sword for the inventor: it cuts a clear path of freedom of thought and activity and it cuts out the positive potential for constructive feedback.

Without the first, few inventors can persist and progress to success.
Without the latter, alternatives may be tried in vain which others may have been able to caution against on the basis of their own experience. With the highly-centralized human-based authority structures within the mass human society, the prospect of the latter is drastically reduced by the lack of direct experience available to the average participant. That is, as the society becomes larger and various activities become specialized and delegated to defined groups, personal experience otherwise obtained disappears and tends to be filled by norms, conventions, expectations, theories - the perceptions of some anonymous supposedly expert other.

Once defined, this "right" way of doing something is adopted without question and the citizen often uses such personally untested assumptions to rationalize decisions and judgements. This form of abstracted, "objective" feedback is of little benefit to the would-be inventor. It is often in contravention of these certainties that the inventor finds a measure of success. The inventor is not interested in such potentially distorted "objective" facts; rather, the inventor is interested only in the reality of relevant personal experience - that which he can "know" works or does not work. Frequently, society conditions its participants to deter constructive inventive progress.

It would not be until until the late 1700s that the "spiritual" aspect of invention for the benefit of all humanity (often without the support of the majority) would be largely supplanted by monetary motivations. Increasingly from that time, inventing would be increasingly pursued on the basis of expected personal monetary gain and power - often with disadvantages to the majority of humanity.

Inventions of thought or device which threatened confidence in the status quo and the established levels of authority in power would meet with resistance which sometimes would result in the loss of the life of the inventor - because his truth questioned the legitimacy of a human authority. At the same time, "improvements" which contributed to the greater aggregation of power by a recognized authority would find ready financing and sanction. With the greater certainty and reality of financial riches from such achievements, individuals would be drawn to the activity of inventiveness, not from a desire to bring greater ease and equality to humanity, but from a greed for financial independence and wealth.

Invention, on a human-wide scale would continue to develop at a very slow pace until means became available for the effective distribution of them. Without the ability to communicate the benefits of an invention to a likely consumer and without the ability to provide a record of or production of the invention to many others, any singular invention would have difficulty in becoming popular. Without that general acceptance and wide usage, local inventions might last a generation and die without any further evidence.

Immortality of an invention was necessary for it to become successful for the benefit of the majority of humanity, or, at least for a large grouping. Homogeneity of language within that group would be fundamental. The ability to draw and record the elements of the invention would also contribute to such longevity. The development of some form of capitalization, benefit, control, marketing and distribution would each determine the degree to which such inventions would be constructive, just, and relevant to the society concerned.

17,000 B.C.
Figures of 5-toed Llamas> on vases found in the Nasca district near Pisco, Peru, indicate that humans had been in the area for some time. The modern llama has only 2 toes. Skeletons of the ancient 5-toed llamas have been excavated in the area and are of this age.

16,000 B.C.
In the midst of an ice age, New York, U.S.A. is covered with ice 1 mile in thickness.
The ice sheet extends as far south as Chicago and New York in North America. Winters are cold and snowy as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. At this time, ice extends south considerably over what in now North America because the Earth is tilted such that the geographic north pole is close to the southern part of Hudson's Bay, Ontario, Canada. Siberia has a temperate climate.

The oceans are not as deep at this time than in the 1900s: 280 feet (85.4 metres) shallower.
Much of what is considered tobe a continental shelf in the 1900s was above water at this time, or, would build through sedimentation in the intervening future. Much of modern day Mediterranean Sea was above water at that time.

15,700 B.C.
Mars and Venus, which have been moving in crossing elliptical orbits during the past 2 million years, now almost collide while in the same quadrant of the solar system through which the Earth is travelling. The planetary forces involved result in Venus being deflected into a more concentric orbit closer to the Sun and Mars is similarly deflected into a more concentric orbit away from the Sun.

Another planet, Lucifer, has also occupied the heavens on a closer-to-the-Sun elliptical orbit like Pluto occupies in 1996. At this time all 3 planets approach each other such that the forces exerted against Lucifer result in its blowing apart into fragments. Most of these pieces become asteroids. Mars and Venus are relocated into more balanced orbits and the strains exerted on the Earth twist the planet around resulting in a change of the geographic north and south poles relative to the Sun.

In many cases, as suggested above, the pole twist results in a dramatic climate change with temperate areas become arctic as well as the reverse. Antarctica, previously an uncovered landmass, will now gain an ice sheet. Regions of North America, once depressed under heavy ice will now begin to rise and new life will take root on this new world.

14,560 B.C.
The passage of a giant Comet Storm results in the Earth being water bombed with 18% of its 1990s water volume. The oceans increase in depth within 10 days by almost 200 feet (61 metres). All seas and oceans become much larger. A large island land mass in the North Atlantic in a temperate climate submerges by at least 150 feet. An oceanic island nation north of the Caribbean islands off the future east coast of North America becomes submerged by 20 to 150 feet (6.1 to 45.7 metres). Both of these submerged mini-continents would later be remembered as "Atlantis" (catastrophe).

The central Atlantic Atlantis was described later by Plato as

"an island larger than Libya and Asia put together, and was the way to other islands, and from these islands you might pass through the whole of the opposite (to Europe - Africa) continent, which surrounds the true ocean; for this (Mediterranean) sea, which is within the Straits of Hercules (Gibraltar), is only a harbour, having a small entrance, but that other is a real sea (ocean) and the surrounding land may be most truly called a continent."

This description would come down to Plato (427-327 B.C. ) as a verbal history relayed from generation to generation by several races and cultures bordering the Atlantic over a period of more than 14,000 years. The Phoenician and Carthaginian seafarers would know of such a great island in the western Atlantic which they would call Antilla.

The tribes of northwestern Africa near the Atlantic coast would often be referred to by ancient writers as Atalantes, Atlantean colonists, Atarantes, and Atlantioi. The Berber tribes of North Africa would retain their own accounts of Attala, a warlike kingdom off the Africa coast with rich mines of gold, silver, and tin, which sent not only these metals but conquering armies to Africa. Attala is now under the ocean but according to prophesy will one day reappear.

The ancient Gauls (French), as well as the Irish, Welsh, and British Celts, would believe that their ancestors came from a continent that sank into the Western Sea, the latter two naming this lost paradise Avalon. Not far away, the Basques, a racial and linguistic region in southwestern France and northern Spain, would state that they were the descendants of Atlantika.

It is a modern belief among the Portuguese that Atlantida once existed near Portugal and that parts of it, the Azores Islands, are still pushing up their peaks from under the sea. The Iberian (Spanish) peoples of southern Spain trace a direct kinship to Atlantis and are increasingly aware that Spain still owns what may have been a part of the Atlantean empire - the Canary Islands. Here, the name Atalaya is a modern place name, and the original inhabitants believe that they are the descendants of the only survivors of a worldwide disaster.

The Vikings would refer to Atli, a wondrous land in the west, and it was there also that the Teutonic races would place their Valhalla, a mystic land of self-renewing fighting, drinking and feasting. Phoenician and Carthaginian seafarers would speak with familiarity of a thriving western island that they called Antilla, but tended to keep secret their knowledge for reasons of commerce and colonization.

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts would mention Amenti, the paradise of the west, abode of the dead and part of the divine sunboat. The Babylonians would name their western paradise Arallu, and to the Arabians of antiquity the first civilization was the land of Ad, located in the Western Ocean.

In the ancient classics of India, the Puranas and the Mahabharata, there would be references to Attala - "The White Island" - a continent located in the Western Ocean. In these and other texts the word Atyantika is used in relation to a final catastrophe.

In Mexico, the Aztecs would believe they originally came from Aztlan>, an island in the Eastern (from them) Ocean. The word Aztec may be derived from Aztlan. Other names for a continent of this location given in differing regions of Central America would include Tlapallan, Tollan, Azatlan, and Aztlan. A settlement in Venezuela would later be named Atlan and be peopled by what were referred to as "white Indians."

Native tribes of North America would also remember that their ancestors came from an island in the Atlantic, often giving it a name resembling Atlantis. A fortified village would be built by natives near Lake Michigan in the later state of Wisconsin, USA and be called Azatlan - before the Europeans arrived.

In the Pacific Ocean, island communities would harbour stories of the sinking of great land masses in the Pacific at a time when the Earth shook, islands disappeared into the ocean, and large islands became smaller ones. The above represents a striking parallel of both names and concepts between widely differing cultures - some of which used different languages and different alphabets from each other - in addition to being widely separated by geography.

12,343 B.C. By this period,
A Tropical climate reached into many of the north temperate zones.
This contributed to advantageous "tropical" growing conditions in the northern USA, north Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, and northern India. A large plateau in the mid-Atlantic had been partially submerged by the increasing ocean depth and a partial subsidence of the landmass, but what did remain had grown from a temperate grassland to become capable of supporting high yields of grains, forage and most tropical fruits and vegetables. Many of these developments had been gradual over millennia.

In particular, increasing ocean levels had largely taken place between 30,000 B.C. and 25,450 B.C. Water pressure downward on the crust in areas like the mid-Atlantic had increased over this period to a major threshold fracture level which was now being approached. Numbers of earthquakes and incidents of landmass subsidence were beginning, although still infrequent, and volcanic activity was increasing both in the Americas and the mid-Atlantic. The volcanic activity would produce enough suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, with the greatest density over eastern North America, the Atlantic, Europe and western Asia - that the climate would cool considerably from tropical temperatures to those of the sub-arctic.

For a period of about 300 years, 12,342 B.C. to 12,050 B.C., an ice age would occur.
The arctic ice shield would extend southward, adding increased crustal pressure on the northern hemisphere and serving to erase most evidence of lifeform existence in the higher latitudes with the exception of simpler forms.

Where a consistency of climate had existed from west to east over the Americas, now there would be rainforest, subarctic, temperate, desert, and temperate. Giant prehistoric birds, reptiles and other lifeforms susceptible to Reticular Replication of Intelligence (RRI) processes would largely become extinct because of their biologically induced compulsion to follow habits which had previously contributed to their survival and predictability. Evidence of these animals would be found in the far future in the construction of earth mounds by humans. Some would be given the form of a mastodon (in Wisconsin state) while pre-Inca natives would carve the outlines of lions, camels, and dinosaurs (like a stegosaurus) in the rock cliffs of the Marcahusi Plateau of Peru.

During the 1900s, in the vicinity of the villages of Ocucaje and Ica, in Peru, Dr. Javier Cabrera, would amass 16,000 rounded stones weighed between 5 and 800 pounds. These stones of the Ica would be covered with incised drawings showing people, extant and extinct animals, star maps, the star ring of the zodiac, and maps of unidentified land areas - possibly altered by earth crust movements in the interim. The stone carvings illustrate people hunting or struggling with a variety of dinosaurs which resemble brontosaurs, triceratops, stegosaurs, and pterodactyls. In addition, the people are shown with what appear to be domesticated dinosaurs and their use as beasts of burden for transportation and in warfare. Persons are drawn using telescopes, looking at the stars, and performing surgery. By the early 1980s, over 50,000 such engraved stones will have been collected. These types of stones were first reported in modern historical times in 1562.

Similar pictures would be found on ceramic figures near Acambaro, in the Mexican state of Guanajuato beginning in 1925. 33,000 such figures were amassed by a Danish rancher, Waldemar Julsrud, and those employed by him. On these, some of the representations of dinosaur-like lifeforms are pictured with women in poses which are suggestive of domesticated use or relationship. Clothing illustrated would include sandals, chain mail, shields and a variety of weapons. In each of the above finds, some of the items recovered were locally made modern copies which arose after a financial interest was shown in the originals.

The more recent existence of many lifeforms presumed dead long before the emergence of human populations will be recognized by the late 1900s. Elephant or mastodon heads would be found clearly pictured on a number of ancient Mexican picture manuscripts and carved on buildings. Deposits of piled-up mastodon bones would be found near Bogota, Columbia, with the indication that they died suddenly near 12,000 B.C.

Frozen mastodons would be found in Siberia which had evidently been drowned by a sudden flood of water.
They had been frozen so quickly that their flesh was still fresh and could be safely eaten. Their stomachs contained plant remnants which would no longer be native to the area. Protoelephants seemed to disappear in a number of geographic areas about 12,000 B.C. The giant sloth of South America, presumed extinct for 12,000 years in the mid-1900s by human scientists, would be found alive and well by the late 1970s. A coelacanth, a fish with "legs," presumed extinct for 20 million years by mid-1900s scientists would be found living in the Indian Ocean by the 1980s!

A drawing would also be discovered on a wall in the Havasupai Canyon in California state which would show a tyrannosaurus characteristically standing straight up with the support of its great tail. The bones of the animal would be found nearby.

12,000 B.C.
A Kuhistan cave drawing shows Venus and Earth connected by lines.

10,895 B.C.
This is the beginning of the LEO Zodiac Astrological Age relative to later planetary positions. As all of the 12 "signs" occupies 1/12th of a 25,725 year cycle, a change to the succeeding "age" will occur every 2143 years. To the degree that the history of humanity during the intervening "age" matches the characteristics, proof is provided for the potential of importance and relevancy in using professional astrological determinations as indicators of the possible future and enable planning to be done to cope with change constructively.

Should the planetary positions be stable from this point onwards, then the development of human civilization would have given rise to the characteristics of the LEO identity over the next 2143 years. These influences include:

      Giving > magnanimous, generous, spontaneous, extravagant;
  Leadership > organization, paternal, centre of attention;
    Positive > creative, enthusiastic, broadminded, cheerful;
     Elitist > pompous, snobbish, intolerant, conceited, interfering;
    God-like > patronizing, showy, dramatic, dogmatic, protective;
   Sensitive > well-meaning, easily hurt, straight-forward;
   Mentoring > sets a good example, hard working, self-disciplined;
Constructive > reflective, analytical, practical, methodical;
    Reverent > professional, enthusiasm for life and work;
   Motivated > expects much of self and equally of others.

The spiritual maturity, mentoring ability, and general positive expression of the characteristics suggest that either this "civilization" is one which is fully and exclusively committed to band perceptions and ideology, represents a utopian "Atlantis" governed by a knowledgeable and benevolent elite, or, it is being influenced by a non-human advanced civilization.

10,800 B.C.
Blue People from Venus as original colonists of the Earth are suggested in a theory outlined by U.S.S.R. anthropologists in 1960.

According to Plato, the origin and blood of the Atlanteans were different from other humans.
Traditions maintain that the Atlanteans were the founders of the Egyptian civilization; the heads of the most ancient divine dynasties were pure-blooded Atlanteans.

In Egyptian paintings, objects are always reproduced with their natural colours.
Yet the Egyptian god Osiris, the god of reborn vegetation, was green; Thoth was either green or pale blue; Ammon and Shu were blue. Why was blue the basic colour of the Egyptian gods?

When Osiris and Thoth, who had first lived in mountainous country, or came out of the heavens their, came to Egypt, the hot, sunny climate gave them an olive complexion that is represented by the colour green in early Egyptian paintings.

On the high plateaux of the Andes there are tribes of "blue Indians" whose pigmentation is caused by lack of oxygen in their blood. The Guanches, native of Tenerife, the largest of the Canary Islands, and now extinct, had olive complexions. It is biologically possible for skin to take on a rather bright blue colour by the incorporation of melanin, the pigment that is characteristic of black skins. Certain monkeys have light blue, dark blue and purple skin.

The Picts of ancient Scotland had the custom of dyeing their skin blue; the Tuarags of Saharan Morocco have blue skin from the blue they use to dye all their garments. The expression "blue blood" suggesting royalty, originates in the Iberian peninsula (Spain/Portugal) and is traced to the invasion of the Vandals in southern Spain. Most cases of references to bluish skin, artificial or real, tend to arise from countries bordering on the Atlantic Ocean.

The Atlanteans may have lived in the mountains, a blue-skinned people by heredity and environment. The race, or at least its obvious hereditary characteristics, was either dying out or being assimilated by other more dominant racial characteristics, when Atlantis disappeared. As a sign of belonging to the race, the descendants of the reigning dynasty wore blue garments on ceremonial occasions, while others coloured their skin in reverence and memory of the superior beings. In the U.S.S.R. and Mongolia, noblemen were reputed to have blue blood, associated with the idea of superiority. In much of the English speaking world, the expression designates persons believed to have come from ancient noble families.

Venus is believed to have a high concentration of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere which would account for a naturally blue pigmentation. Venus was usually referred to by the ancients as the "blue planet". According to Saint Augustine, an astonishing change took place on Venus during the time of King Ogygus: its colour, size, shape and motion were all altered.

By the late 1900's, the atmosphere of Venus would be confirmed to have large amounts of sulfur dioxide in it which periodically changed in concentration according to volcanic eruptions. Had the planet been struck by a large asteroid, the effect might have been comparable to the force, explosion, and fire-blast wave of a 1000 megaton nuclear weapon. The axis and rotation of the planet would have changed. Most life on the planet would have been destroyed. The blast and firestorm from the energy dissipation of the impact would have had the effect of scouring the surface relatively smooth, as we see today. The followers of Eckankar, believe that the spiritual forefathers of humanity came from Venus.

In Greek mythology, Ogygus' father was Poseidon and his mother was the ocean. He is named as the most ancient king of Attica and his reign is marked by a deluge (like the Flood linked with Noah). He is said to have been the founder of Thebes. Many Old World and South American traditions attest to his existence.

It is interesting that the U.S.S.R., who published this theory, and were the first to venture into space, have been persistently trying to establish a landing and bases on Venus. The ideogram on the head of the god in sculptures shows a jaguar head (strength, earthly life); stylized cones (living quarters, cabins); condor head (travel, heavens): a spacecraft. Scientists have interpreted the same ideogram as a bird (aircraft) with the capability of ion propulsion (decomposition of solar rays).

10,500 B.C. - By this time,
A Technologically Advanced Civilization had arisen somewhere in the central Atlantic Ocean as referenced by later archaelogical evidence found in Egypt. Their considerable interest in the Constellation Orion suggests that their founders came from there, either as a former base, or, as a point of their origin.

A very aware and well-informed culture exhibited expertise in the placement of celestial objects and their relationship as well as the ability to use such relationships to accurately determine climate specifics of great importance for the efficient utilization of agriculture.

At a location which was then 1,000 miles (1600 km) south of the Azores, they constructed 3 large pyramidal structures and a monolith which mirrored a silhouette of the celestial positions of the Orion belt of stars in relation to the Milky Way. This alignment only occurs once in every 25,725 year zodiacal cycle due to the changing position relationships of the planets to each other and to the stars in the heavens. Primary to this set of relationships is the wobble of the Earth on its axis which, in astrology, is referred to as precession. The alignment would not reoccur again until about 15,225 A.D.

The pyramidal form was chosen as an example of a half-buried crystal, the most basic and elemental form of pure matter and pre-life existence in the universe. The pyramid form represents the terrestrial equivalent, that is, it is a form which can be erected to "sit" on a terrestrial surface. The most efficient shape for a spaceship with the capability to rest on a somewhat flat surface is that of the pyramid. Structurally, relative to uniform pressures exerted by an external environment (space, air atmosphere, water coverage to a depth of 33 feet, or other gaseous uniformly exerted pressures - the pyramidal form enables the most uniform distribution of forces while providing the most useable amount of interior space.

If a propulsion system is utilized which transfers very high amperage electrostatic charges to each of the 4 triangular surfaces of a pyramidal form which has been covered with a "skin" of highly refined and highly molecularly aligned material, the charges produced will act to repel all matter external to the form. To the degree that these other forms of matter are static or fixed, the repulsive force exerted overcomes the inertia of the pyramidal form and propels it in the direction of least resistance. By varying the proportional degree of charge on each of the 4 flat surfaces of the pyramid-shaped ship, changes in direction and speed can be controlled to the smallest degree with an immediate responsiveness.

Remember that in true interstellar space there is virtually no resistance to the progression of an object or spacecraft:
no gravity (or weight), atmospheric pressure (or drag), and, there is a considerable degree of high energy particulate "radiation" emanating from all solar objects. At the rate of progression of human technical evolution in 1996, it would take then existing high tech humanity another 1834 years to develop this capability - to construct such metals, the energy sources required and the biological protections necessary for the crew-inhabitants of such a structure.

10,000 B.C.
At the city of Zimbabwe, in what was previously the state of Rhodesia, Africa, there are ruins which were first discovered my modern Europeans (Adam Benders) in 1868. The city dates back to the 1500s easily, and others date it back as far as 10,000 B.C. or further. It is located in a region rich in gold ore and has been identified as the mysterious Ophir from which Solomon's ships brought back gold (I Kings 10:27-28). It is likely to have supplied some of the gold used by the Egyptian pharaohs as well.

In the ruins, there are high oval towers - resembling those at Machu Picchu in Peru, South America.
They have no side openings, only an opening at the top. At Machu Picchu, the towers are called "the chambers of the flying men." The Incas have stories of "flying trays", Christian saints are said to have been capable of levitating even as ancient Indian priests are credited. Traditions from Africa, Asia and the Americas speak of flying men. Did humans at one time have wings, have the knowledge required to levitate or have the technology to enable them to traverse air and space in spaceships?

It is between 10,000 and 6,000 B.C. that human historians denote a period called the second Great Climacteric. These are periods during which humans appear to have made remarkable technological advances relative to their previous history. At this time, humans took up farming crops and domesticating animals. Undoubtedly, humans were given this concept by visiting spacepersons. This was the first influence of the BLONDs on humanity.

The BLONDs were visiting from the Orion constellation after beginning to set up bases on Mars.
The BLONDs had visited earlier when their relocation was not an issue and when the visit was purely for the purposes of discovery. The Earth was now more suited to their physiology but they had no wish to destroy their much superior intellectual and spiritual abilities by going into competition with the humans. The BLONDs were curious about humans because human physiology resembled theirs, although somewhat distant.

Humans, at this stage were little more sophisticated than bands of hominids which used primitive tools for hunting game and killing each other, and gathered fruits and other vegetation to round out their diet. This lifestyle, from the perspective of the BLONDs, was subsistence in nature and would retard humanity from any further development or capacity for intellectual and spiritual activities which demanded a certain degree of spare time.

The BLONDs indicated to these humans that the art of husbandry (domestication of animals) could be of benefit by stabilizing the food supply. By restraining and "taming" animals, humans were shown that they could have an easily transportable source of fresh food and clothing while they wandered about searching for plant foods and the spoils of carnivore kills. Simply killing the animals would provide them with a short-term supply of these resources; yet, domesticating them provided an endless supply for as long as they could control the animals and take them to new pastures when needed. Dairy products were particularly added to the human diet.

The tremendous change of awareness and reality for humans in this new direction was the acknowledgement of the concept of enslavement. By trading a being's freedom and self-direction for security and safety, humans learned that they could aggregate the resources, power, and capabilities of those beings for themselves.

This new "religion" of "domestication" would always prove repulsive to the ethics of the human professional hunter and gatherer. The hunter revered the forms of life which surrounded him or her, sought to understand the unique abilities of each, and, used only as much as was necessary to provide for immediate nourishment and needs. The hunter was completely self-directed and largely independent and co-ordinated his or her efforts with others strictly on the basis of preference.

The lifestyle of the farmer and herder represented a tremendous evil to those who lived by hunting and gathering. It imprisoned and demeaned other forms of life and required harsh and cruel treatments, from the viewpoint of the gatherer. It defied God by asserting that the abundance which God provided was inadequate and that humans must place themselves as gods over other beings in order to survive. It destroyed the "balance" of nature in which each living thing had equal dignity and the right to freedom or death rather than the hell of imprisonment and torture. It forever introduced the necessity for humans to make ever numerous decisions as to which (destructive and non-spiritual) behaviours would be sanctioned as right or penalized as wrong.

The natives took up agriculture to such a magnitude that they soon had cut down all of the trees to clear the land and build city buildings and provide firewood. The benefit of the overproduction of agriculture allowed for the urbanization of the peoples into a large urban center in which the dwellers became increasingly codependent. Material surplus and a diet of grains encouraged the growth of population by enabling greater fertility and more stable survival, and, encouraging the expression of envy, gluttony, greed, lust, sloth, and lack of self-responsibility. Overuse of the lands and a removal of their protective cover eventually led to infertility of the soil and erosion. Within a relatively short period of time (1500 years), the city inhabitants were starving and they disbursed out of the city and returned to a hunting and gathering and a nomadic herding lifestyle.

Agriculture would bring with it the potential for subtle and largely unrecognized chronic and acute health difficulties for humans. Had agriculture been developed as an extension of behaviour based upon knowledge, the dangers would likely have been avoided. Rather, agriculture, in the several regions in which it seemed to appear spontaneously, arose as a concept to which there was inadequate background, or for which it was poorly advanced. If one is to suppose that such a technological development arose from innovation, then one should also suppose that the innovation would not stop with the introduction of the concept. Rather, a considerable amount of effort would have been expended, in appreciation for the time-saving, security providing and production enhancing benefits of the basic concept. Instead, and evolution of farming knowledge and technique was almost non existent.

This lack of development is identical with what usually happens when a new form of technology is introduced to a new group of people only to the extent that they are shown how to use it. In such circumstances, the poorly educated initiate learns to compulsively replicate the procedures which have been exhibited on the penalty that variations result in failure. Not understanding the meanings and significancies which give meaning to the processes being used, there is no base of understanding from which to innovate; innovators are often quite knowledgeable about the pre-elements of their next experiment.

Thus, visiting extraterrestrials - angels, or gods in the minds of many primitive humans - showed humans HOW to do agriculture. At the time, either humans were not sufficiently mentally developed to understand the scientific and abstract aspects involved, or there was insufficient time for a bond of adequate communication to be developed to enable the technology transfer to be more constructive.

Nematodes, as a group, are the Earth's most abundant multicelled lifeforms.
A square foot of soil may be home to 70,000 nematodes, ranging from harmful to helpful.
Also called eelworms nematodes are segmented roundworms with no relation to earthworms.
They may range in size from microscopic to over 26 feet in length.
More than 2,200 soil species attack plants. By 1991, nematodes will cause an estimated $5 billion in crop damage in the USA alone. Thousands of species with microscopic bodies feed on plant roots, stunting or killing their hosts. Most plants and animals are vulnerable to several nematode species.

Nematode reproduction is by egg and one adult may lay 300 to 800 eggs at a time.
Root-knot nematodes are the most common attackers of plants.
Other forms include lesion nematodes, cyst nematodes and dagger and stunt nematodes. They are most prevalent in warm climates and hot weather. Some are killed by freezing temperatures, yet may survive in sheltered or deep soils. In light to moderate infestations, the plant host may not show any symptoms of distress unless further stressed by heat, drought, or hunger. Even physical examination of the plant and its roots may not reveal the presence of an infestation. When symptoms do become present they may appear in patches of plants. Wilting, stunting, yellowing, dark discolorations that eventually turn to rot, a reduced root system, pinhead-sized, white lemon-shaped growths attached to the roots, brown cysts - are common symptoms.

When farming processes are not carried out with a biological awareness (professional), the results can include reduced yields, unhealthy crops and produce, and, a potential for higher rates of illness and accidents. Parasitic infestations by nematodes can result in the stunting, yellowing and death of some of the plantings. A number of factors capable of influencing nematode presence can be added to farming practices to reduce these harmful effects.

Nematodes do not thrive well in temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Fall or early spring plantings can take advantage of this factor. Nematode eggs and adults are killed in just 10 minutes at 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and 30 minutes at 150 degrees will control most pathogenic fungi and bacteria as well. Heating small amounts of soil for nursery seed boxes in an oven (or a microwave), after first moistening the soil, can effect this - but is inadequate for large farming operations and may harm beneficial micro-organisms in the soil if the higher temperature is exceeded.

Solarization, that is, surface heating by the Sun, is helpful in treating large expanses of soil but is usually difficult. Four to six weeks of continuously hot, sunny weather is required and wind breaks surrounding the area are advised to limit air cooling. Ploughing, or otherwise turning over the soil to expose plant roots, following a harvest is also one method of decreasing nematode presence in soils.

The frequent addition of organic waste (compost, manure, straw, harvest waste) in thick layers will result in beneficial fungi parasitizing nematode eggs and larvae. The constant decay of the organic matter also produces chemicals and gases which are toxic, or repulsive, to the nematodes. Nematodes are a biological lifeform and as such they have the potential to mutate and become resistant to chemical nematocides even as they are likely to multiply when they find themselves in a high concentration of a favoured food which is repetitively planted.

Crop rotation practices, in which different crops are grown on the same land in a repeated series of selections including one season, or even one year, which may be entirely devoted to cultivation to limit weed seed survival, effectively limits nematode induced soil fertility for particular crops.

Companion planting of agricultural crops together with nematode antagonistic plants, such as French dwarf marigolds and African marigolds) can also reduce nematode populations. Castor beans, vegetable amaranth, hairy indigo, sunn hemp, and, residues of Chinese spinach or water hyacinths - can also reduce nematode presence. Most of these methods of parasite control would take centuries or millenniums to be noticed or found. If they had been known previously, the knowledge would have been forgotten, or, intentionally set aside. Throughout much of the 1900s many nematode reduction practices would be set aside in favour of immediate higher production volumes which could only be sustained by the increasingly costly addition of technology-based chemical fertilizers, nematocides, fungicides, and pesticides: all contributing to longer-term soil infertility, erosion, impaction, and crop dependency.

Nematode infestations can be carried to humans also - through the lack of use of footwear, the eating of poorly washed or uncooked produce, and, the vigorous disruption of the soils during cultivating, seeding, culling, weeding, harvesting, and produce refining and storage. Loose soil on boots, shoes, tools, and other equipment also serve to transport nematodes across farms and into homes. Working in dusty environments in conditions adequate to promote perspiration - a common agricultural environment - may result in such simple acts as scratching one's head or one's skin with the fingernails of an unwashed hand. Immediately and silently nematodes may be injected into the body by any such act.

Once in the body, reproduction can lead to eggs and eggs can grow into larvae.
As the larvae make their way through the body tissues, an itching sensation in such areas will encourage the human host to be agitated, to scratch or bite the likely unwashed skin or nails - and inject more nematodes into the body.

Symptoms of nematode infestation in a human include painful nerves and muscles anywhere in the body, arthritis-like symptoms, restlessness, increased anxiety, fidgeting, hyperactivity, loss of weight, gaining of weight, tiredness and exhaustion, disorientation, blindness, deformities, migratory aches and pains, rashes, muscle cramps, constipation, dysentery, lung problems, allergies, liver complaints, impotency, gastritis, bloating, chronic indigestion, sciatica, ulcerations, short temper, and a tendency to acquire addictions.

Unfortunately, any form of socialization with a person who has nematode infestation encourages the transfer of nematodes from them to you. Touching, stroking, shaking hands, kissing, licking and sucking between humans or from human to unwashed agricultural (as opposed to wild grown) produce, or from human to pet or other animal - will encourage nematode transfer. Total avoidance of nematode contact and invasion in modern (1996) mass cultures is nearly impossible. Prevention can lower the incidence of contact and bodily invasion. Routine and systematic nematode eradication from the body is the only constructive coping option.

A dependency upon agriculture also brings with it the danger of famines.
Periodically, for perhaps hundreds or thousands of years, there have been agricultural regions which have experienced cycles of famine. Pest lifecycles dictated the potential for a cyclical loss of agricultural crops in the Middle East and northeast Africa. The inability or lack of self-directness required to plan for such semi-predictable events would lead to mass starvation. Early political-social-religious leaders were only respected and successful if they could implement grain storage programs to cope with such possibilities. Greed, laziness, pride (self-confidence to the point of intolerance), lust, and envy frequently resulted in leaders or their subjects failing to comply with this policy.

Timing of plantings is often very critical.
Most of the early agricultural societies developed far in advance of calendars and timepieces. Those which survived the longest and thrived the most did so frequently with the aid of very accurate calendars and the knowledge of patterns and their significance of movement of celestial objects. In much of the agricultural parts of the Earth there are seasons and temperate climates. Planting too early may result in seed rot from too much meltwater moisture; planting too late may result in immature crops at the end of the growing season or infestations of nematode and other parasites. To make matters more difficult, the start and end of seasons will vary occasionally relative to many factors including sunspot cycles, volcanic eruptions (both undersea and terrestrial), as well as the clearing of forests, ....

While the presence of slime moulds and various fungi in soils assists in the transfer of nutrients to the roots of plants, nematodes effectively reduce the process by removing the nutrients from the invaded plant or animal. Given the productive benefits of agriculture, the rising population densities of humans, the preference for territory-based communities, the relative reduction of Eden-like environments for humans to settle or expand into - the degree of risk involved in agriculture is often taken-for-granted by human leaders. They, in turn are most persuasive for those who follow their human counsel.

In recent human history, there is a progression of agricultural productive success to agricultural surplus to a capital-based economy to self-aggrandizement to higher risk ventures through crop loss and credit enslavement, or greed for power or wealth. The potential for developing a compulsive work-ethic within agriculture is high. The actions taken under the direction of such a compulsion encourage nematode infestations, eventually, in both crops and humans. And in humans, that can support or increase addictive habits.

10,000 B.C.
An 18-Centimeter Iron Nail was found solidly encrusted in rock in a Peruvian mine in 1572.
Iron was unknown to the American natives until the Spanish conquistadors arrived.
The Spanish Viceroy Don Francisco de Toledo kept the nail as a souvenir.
It was later believed to have been made in this time period.

10,000 B.C.
The Caspians, a white-skinned human race occupied northern Africa during this period.
They had long torsos, bows, headdresses, and garter-like crossbands on their legs.
As the climate changed, they would travel widely - to the south and to the north.

9,560 B.C. - During this period,
The Sahara is a steppe (grassland) with abundant vegetation.
The Greek peninsula is covered with deep and fertile soil.
A dramatic shift in the crust of the Earth following an asteroid impact in 3900 B.C. will result in the Greek peninsula being fragmented, "washed" by tidal waves, and the climate becoming less temperate as the Sahara region, relative to the crustal shift, is relocated southward - making it hotter and drier. Egypt, which had also enjoyed more temperate weather, will then also become hotter and drier in climate.

9,450 B.C.
The added "fluid" weight on the planet, under the influence of gravity, pulls the spherical surface into a slight egg-shaped variation - exerting the greatest crustal weight and pressure in the southern hemisphere. The crust reaches the required pressure threshold for it to fracture in several areas and volcanic activity becomes relatively constant over a period of 326 years. Antarctica, in particular, becomes very volcanically active, melting the ice cap there and contributing to further water mass and depth to the oceans.

At the same time a substantial and continuing high degree of volcanic dust suspension in the atmosphere results in both a cooling of the climate and increased precipitation globally, particularly in the polar regions. This precipitates a small ice age during which the polar caps rebuild over a period of 1250 years, from 8250 B.C. to 7000 B.C.

9,070 B.C.
Underwater Volcanic and Tectonic Activity along the mid-Atlantic depression and the western Pacific deep becomes massive during this period. Areas later described as Atlantis, a large island in the central north Atlantic, become greatly submerged at this point. Flooding and diminished size of the island following the Comet Storm of 14,560 B.C. resulted in a more dense population than previously and reduced natural resources. This encouraged a modification from trading contact with the surrounding continental regions to one of military conquest and confiscation of tribute (material supplies) to maintain the home population.

Egyptian records would tell of forays of a "people of the sea"; Irish legends will tell of invasions by the "Firborgs" from the Atlantic. Ruins of Irish stone forts thousands of years old would show evidence of calcination from extreme heat (bombs). The Atlantic coasts of Spain and France as well as the islands of the Mediterranean will also provide legends and ruins traced to invasions from the west far back in time.

After a repulsed invasion by the Athenians, Plato would later write:

"But afterward there occurred violent earthquakes and floods, and in a single day and night of rain, your warlike men in a body sank into the Earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared, and was sunk beneath the sea. And that is the reason why the sea in those parts is impassable and impenetrable, because there is such a quantity of shallow mud in the way; and this was caused by the (first) subsidence of the island ..."

A vast undersea plateau exists of which the Azores represents much of what may have been left above water. There are expanses of beach sand on the 5000 foot deep plateaus.

In Plato's second dialogue, called Critias, the practice of linking personifications to natural processes and gods to historical mentors is continued with the account of Poseidon, god of the sea. He is said to have divided the island of Atlantis into 10 parts. To the firstborn of the eldest of 5 pairs of twin sons, he gave his mother's dwelling and the surrounding allotment, which was the largest and the best, and made him king over the rest; and the others he made princes, and gave them rule over many men and a large territory. When the Canary Islands would be discovered in the late Middle Ages, the native Guanches would be found following a tradition of 10 kings. On the other side of the Atlantic, the Maya of southern Mexico would be found following the same tradition - unusual in human history.

Herodotus, a Greek historian and traveller would later recount from European sources that the Atlanteans had:

"... such an amount of wealth as was never before possessed by kings and potentates, and ... they were furnished with everything which they could have, both in city and country. For, because of the greatness of their empire, many things were brought to them from foreign countries, and the island itself provided much of what was required by them for the uses of life. ..."

There was an abundance of wood for carpenter's work, and sufficient maintenance for tame and wild animals.
Moreover, there were a great number of elephants on the island, and there was provision for animals of every kind, both for those which live in lakes and marshes and rivers, and also for those which live on mountains and on plains, and therefore for the animal which is the largest and most voracious of them."

Elephant headdresses and masks are pictured in Mexican Aztec art as well as in the art of South American Amerindians.

8,900 B.C.
Reticular Replication of Intelligence (RRI) in Earth-based lifeforms exhibits devastating ecological consequences. All earth-based lifeforms with a biological complexity of the reptile or greater (birds, dinosaurs, mammals), yet lacking the mental conflict and choice of the developed neocortex brain structure (primates) have a marked tendency to follow patterns of behaviour. They are, as it were, dominated by traditions, patterns, memories of once beneficial habits which largely account for their ecological survival.

When massive geological or climactic changes occur on the Earth, lifeforms which are exclusively land or sea dwelling may find that their living territories are displaced by submergence, ice and snow coverage, or, by climate modification from lush to desert. An inability to accordingly change one's living behaviours, or an unwillingness or resistance of doing so, usually results in undue survival hardship or dramatic species fatality - perhaps extinction. While this occurrence has largely overtaken the dinosaurs by this period, examples of such behaviours which would survive into the 1900s, for humans to become aware of include the following.

The catopsilia butterfly is native to Guyana on the northern coast of South America. Each year the male butterflies fly northeast from Guyana, over the sea, as other species may, toward some distant land mass. These fly over the ocean for a distance and then "in great coloured clouds they fly into the sea."

In an area south of the Azores, fishermen would report observing flocks of migrating birds arriving from South America into the area and then circling around as if looking for somewhere to land. Some would tire and fall into the ocean, others would continue on to Europe. On the return trip, the some behaviour would be enacted again.

Both European and American eels make a journey over thousands of miles in rivers, seas, and oceans, to eventually spawn in the Sargasso Sea, in the south central eastern part of the north Atlantic. The journey takes 4 months for the eels to make in one direction. In the Sargasso Sea, they encounter underwater concentrations of seaweed, which typically grow on continental shelves in regions which have a high nutrient content - either from land wastes washed into the sea, or, from decomposing volcanic soils covered by water. The seaweed protects the newly spawned eggs and the adults die. When the young hatch, those of European parentage are carried by the Gulf Stream through the cold Atlantic waters to Europe and its rivers.

Lemmings are small Norwegian rodents that periodically overbreed for the territories which are available for them in the 1900s, and, for as long as modern human history has a record. Several species are found of this mouse- or rat-like animal through Norway, Lapland, Siberia and the northern parts of North America. The lemming feeds on plants, and is exceedingly destructive of vegetables and domesticated grain crops. When the population becomes too dense for the food supply, they mass into hordes which begin a migration towards the Atlantic Ocean from wherever they are. Land animals, they enter the ocean and swim towards the Mid-Atlantic range as if expecting to discover a landmass. All drown, reducing the total population by at least 50%.

These lifeforms are following a pattern which suggests that landforms did exist in these locations in the past.

8,752 B.C.
This is the beginning of the CANCER Zodiac Astrological Age relative to later planetary positions.
As all of the 12 "signs" occupies 1/12th of a 25,725 year cycle, a change to the succeeding "age" will occur every 2143 years.

Characteristics of a Cancerian period would include:

       Sympathetic      kind, patient, helpful, thoughtful, believing;
       Imaginative      easily deceived, intense emotions, unrealistic;
       Authoritarian    strongly maternal or paternal, tactless, accusing;
       Domestic         most positive and skilled around home & family;
       Guilt-ridden     unforgiving, tendency to self-pity, hyper-sensitive;
       Proud            patriotic, easily flattered, secretive of mistakes;
       Defensive        bad-tempered, snappy, moody, over-emotional;
       Fearful          tendency to paranoia, lives in the past, worries;
       Persistent       committed, loyal, steady worker, excellent memory;
       Intuitive        often understand reality correctly, untaught;
       Sensationalism   attracted to embellishment, fantasy and drama;
       Shrewdness       by use of memory, caution, intuition, persistence;
       Nervous          works best in a calm, predictable environment;
       Water-babies     swimming, sailing, diving, marine merchant.

A Cancerian society is band-like in its extreme focus on the family and small groups of people.
Anything larger is easily responded to as threatening, too complicated, "foreign", providing too many problems. Cancerians represent the emotionally unsophisticated participants in bands such that lust and hate are usually low in presence. Still, memories are excellent and while communication of a rational analytical negotiative nature is not usually expressed, Cancerians will seldom express openly their hurt at a fault or criticism which they feel has been unjust. Such retention of anger promotes moodiness, nervousness, defensiveness, and, unforgivingness.

Intuitive and self-aware, the Cancerian knows that their retention of anger and preoccupation with personal slights is destructive and for this they suffer doubly with the addition of guilt. This sense of guilt, a recognition of the weakness incurred by the destructive use of memory - serves to temper the memories which encourage a simmering anger and constantly diffuse such anger to keep it short of hatred. A similar dynamic tempers the sexual attraction which a Cancerian experiences and encourages its sublimation, also by a sense of guilt, to restrain it from building into uncontrollable lust. Much of these sublimated energies are redirected back into a close (sensual) lifestyle with a small group of friends and family. Distant, structured, clinical, or bureaucratic relationships would never be a natural for Cancerians.

In a more structured society in which activities were categorized into specialties and differentiated by age or gender, Cancerian characteristics would best be appreciated in the roles of housewife, nurse, caterer, hotelier, junior school teacher, day care worker, historian, curator, antique dealer, business administrator, buyer, marketer, wood-worker, boat-builder, fisherman or sailor. In each of these positions a relatively small number of participants are involved with one another.

In each trade, either many of the other participants are dependent upon the Cancerian, or the Cancerian is able to work with little or no supervision. In each of the trades a high degree of sensual experience is present, either directly or visually. That is, the Cancerian is constantly "in touch" with their children, patient, food preparation, food serving, customer, student, descriptive facts, unique sale articles, confidential information, motivating strategies, raw materials for construction, or water.

Contact with water is one of the most frequent and most widely experienced sensual sensations of humanity.
Bathing, showing, washing, swimming, and any "fluid" movement (dancing, skating, skiing, flying, sailing, diving, ...) are sensual movements: they effectively stimulate in a non-destructive manner the nerve endings of the largest human organ - the skin. When human life begin, it begins in an ocean of warm, protective, cushioning fluid. From conception until the formation of a potentially independent human lifeform has grown, the reality of human life is to be surrounded by fluid. It is this sense of comfort, peace, contentment, security, and nourishment which humans grieve at birth, and, for some, seek to regain for their entire life.

Members of ecologically advantaged bands complete their sensual need daily more effectively than any other social grouping. Constant touching, grooming, cuddling of each other, plus the maternal care of the jungle providing a ready source of nourishment and shelter together with a humid and tempered weather, plus the constant contact of ones hands and feet and body with plants, more plants, water and ground - provides a very sensual experience. And the greater one's sensual exposure, the healthier they often are, and, the lower their sex drive. Thus water can provide an endless resource of enjoyment.

The experience of swimming, fishing, flying and sailing can be sensual.
These can provide guilt-free sensual experiences. Some will stimulate the skin directly; other, will stimulate the organs of balance and serve to duplicate the feelings associated with high endorphin release: relaxation, contentment, joy, light-headedness, warmth. Coastal band cultures frequently centre their lifestyle on swimming, fishing and diving. For a "civilization" to feel such fear, defensiveness and paranoia while appreciating such sensuality and small group, and, to be persistent in looking back - is to strongly suggest loss, conflict, and threat of loss. Either an earlier more sophisticated and constructive civilization had been or was in danger of being lost, or, a simpler and more constructive form of group relationships was being lost or in danger of being lost.

The Cancerian experience can be one of trying to retain something which one feels is increasingly, perhaps constantly, threatened: innocent sensuality, togetherness, dependability, predictability. Water-based activities serve to separate people who are close and bring together persons which are distant. They serve to affirm one's identity, separateness and independence. Yet without the closeness of others, they become dangerous and can lead to death. In this civilization there is a foreboding, a fear of what lies ahead. Change is happening. Change that is not wanted.

8,498 B.C.
The Destruction of Atlantis is suggested as this date within the unusually accurate Mayan calendar.
This date coincides with the opposition of the Sun, Venus, the Moon, and Earth.

8,000 B.C.
In India, many years ago there were flying machines and beings with knowledge, skills and technology which we in 1994 find difficult to grasp let alone understand. Two Hindu books, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana speak of beings who come from beyond the earth: "sons of the moon and the sun". Other revelations found also in Sanskrit texts (Ramacharitra, Mahavira, Drona Parva, Rasernava) appeared to describe totally unintelligible concepts until our own atomic age began in the 1940s.

The Vedic writings describe a war that took place in 10,000 B.C. between two unequal cultures.
The losers used elephants, horses, and wooden chariots; the victors, described as "gods who came from the sky", used what we can only understand today as nuclear weapons, radiation and flying devices. In the Ramayana and the Drona Parva, flying machines called vimanas had a spherical shape. Their motive power was a strong wind produced by mercury. These devices enabled the beings inside them to cover great distances in a very short time. The vimanas were under the complete control of their pilots. They could move up or down, forward or backward, according to the direction in which their motors were turned. In 1959, at an International Space Convention held in Paris, France, L. Gerardin, an engineer, proposed the use of mercury-ion engines for spacecraft.

The fire of the weapon used by the hero Rama destroyed whole cities, producing a light brighter than a hundred thousand suns. A high wind then arose, and the fire of the terrible weapon burned elephants, soldiers, chariots and horses. Yet no one lived who saw a fire: it seemed invisible at the range of the survivors. It made human's hair fall out, bleached the feathers of birds, coloured their feet and turned them into tortoises. These are similar to the influences of nuclear radiation burns and mutations. To escape the effects of the invisible fire, the soldiers leapt into the rivers to wash themselves and anything they would have to touch; doing so seemed to be effective. In the Mahavira, Rama uses secret weapons which produced "a deep drowsiness, another a deep sleep" similar to recent chemical weapons. Also mentioned is a fire weapon capable of reducing the great army of Kumbhakarna to ashes.

In another example, an aerial chariot carried several people to the ancient capital of Ayodhya.
The sky was full of black flying machines that emitted a yellowish glow. In the Mahavira, Rama states that the nature of these weapons does not belong to our cycle:

"These weapons that are launched and withdrawn by a magic secret can be wielded only by tradition.
Having performed penances for the advancement of the sacred science for more than a thousand years, the ancient sages, Brahma and the others, saw by revelation these weapons and their glory, the fruit of their austerities.

Krisasva gave secret knowledge of the complete science of the mantras (tonal patterns having a mysterious power, necessary for the use of the divine weapons and the instantaneous suspension of their effects) to Visvamitra, who gave it to me." [Similar to our use of electromagnetic signals to activate or deactivate missiles, bombs, satellites, - and inform and entertain us on radios, telephones, and televisions].

The Yogasutra listed the skills that humans? were capable of at such a long time past:

   - changing the size of anything material smaller or larger when desired;
   - levitation or lightening of physical objects by antigravity processes;
   - astral travel by transporting oneself to any distance by will of spirit;

   - domination of the spirit over the body enabling one to past through physical objects
                           & obstructions while maintaining form without substance;

   - transforming, producing and causing to disappear finite forms;
   - the capacity to read a person's thoughts and to take on their form;
   - the ability to be present yet invisible to humans.

These "skills" were learned from the REDS who were much advanced beyond this level of sophistication at that time, and have continued in their development since.

8,000 B.C.
The GRAYs enter our solar system.
They begin establishing bases on a moon of Venus and consider the Earth's moon. They have left their home planet in the Sirius star system of the Canis Major constellation, which began dying at that time. Sirius, their Sun, was increasing in temperature very quickly and its influence on the home planet was identical - a deterioration of life supporting factors due to overheating. Their search is to recolonize in a new home. They are unfamiliar with an atmosphere such as that of the Earth and the diversity of life found on the Earth. They view the large presence of water on the Earth as a tremendous disadvantage for they have a tradition of using underground work and habitation spaces. They view all non-spaceperson life on the Earth as tremendously ignorant and primitive. They look elsewhere for their current needs.

Sirius is the Alpha star in the Canis Major constellation and is also called by the names The Sparkling One, the Scorching One, the Nile Star, and others. It is the brightest of the fixed stars in the Earth's sky. Sirius is 9 times more brilliant than a first magnitude star. Its luminosity is 23 times that of the Sun and its diameter is 1.8 times that of the Earth's Sun. It is sometimes visible to the unassisted eye in daylight. In colour, the star is a brilliant white with a tinge of blue, but in its rapid twinkling it may seem to show many colours - a phenomenon of the influence of the Earth's atmosphere.

From very early human history until after 1500 A.D., the star was described by many as red or reddish.
This indicates an extremely fast increase in the temperature of this star relative to other stars. At a distance of 8.7 light years, Sirius is the 5th nearest star known. At that, it is 550,000 times more distant from the Earth than the Sun.

The name SIRIUS appears to be derived directly from the Greek word for "sparkling" or "scorching", though some connection to the Egyptian god Osiris has been suggested. The Arabic name "Al Shi'ra" resembles the Greek, Roman, and Egyptian names and suggests a common origin from an older language, possibly Sanskrit, in which the name "Surya", the Sun God, simply means "The Shinning One". In ancient Hindu Vedas, the star is called "Tishiya" or "Tishtrya - the Chieftain's Star"; in older Hindu writings, it is referred to as "Sukra", the rain god or rain star, or sometimes as the Hunter. Plutarch called the star "The Leader", while in the time of Homer, it seems to have been known as "The Star of Autumn.

In late Persian times, it was called "Tir", the Arrow. An old Akkadian name, "Mul-lik-ud" has been translated "The Dog Star of the Sun. The association of Sirius with a celestial Dog seems to have been very nearly universal throughout the classical world; in remote China, the star was called a "Heavenly Wolf"; the Australian aborigines regard it as an Eagle.

It should be remembered by the reader that in the oldest referenced human times, hunting and gathering would have been the style of culture. Social entertainment after dark largely surrounded gazing at the stars in the sky, imagining their significance, and trying to associate periodic events or circumstances with the periodic positions of certain stars.

With the advent of agricultural lifestyles, this consideration would be crucial.
Planting a crop too early could result in its being killed by frost or drought or excessive wetness. Planting too late could also result in these outcomes plus the immaturity of the crop might make it useless as a food item. This was, and remains, particularly true for grain crops. Most human cultures did not have calendars until they adopted some form of written communication.

8,000 B.C.
An Iron Nail from this era was found in a piece of auriferous quartz in California in 1851 by a Mr. Hiram de Witt. He had found the stone and accidentally dropped it, whereupon the rock broke to reveal the nail with a perfect head. It had been used by humans in this era.

7,600 B.C.
A rich and powerful city, Tartessos, a great seaport on the southwestern coast of Spain, would be described by travellers in the 600 B.C. period - as having written records which extended back 7,000 years before.

7,585 B.C.
In southeastern Peru, deep in the rainforest shared by western Brazil and northern Bolivia, an advanced human civilization develops. Centred at 13 degrees S latitude and 71 degrees 30' W longitude, it would first be detected in modern (1900s) times in photographs taken from Landsat II, an ERTS satellite, on December 30, 1975. From a distance of 550 to 580 nautical miles in space, a photograph would show a series of 8 unexplained "dots" that later appeared to be shaded protuberances, arranged in 2 rows going in straight lines, rows and objects equidistant from one another.

On initial analysis, it was rationalized that because of the shaded area of the geometrically regular rises, they might be ponds rather than rises - a river was evident nearby. Infrared photographs showed them as white, like a mountain, indicating that they were made of stone. They were by then all well inside the jungle, miles from a nearby rock cliff marking the edge of the Andes plateau to the west. Calculations made by the Institute of Andean Archaeology of Lima estimated from the Landsat photographs that each dot represented an object only slightly lower in height than the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, in Egypt.

Subsequent investigation from low-flying aircraft revealed that the objects were tree-covered pyramids and that there were 12, rather than 8 pyramids. There were an additional 4 smaller ones, also arranged in 2 rows, which had not shown in the satellite photos. Rainforest tree cover frequently exceeds a height of 100 feet (30.5 metres) and in tropical areas with adequate soil composition forest regrowth can fully cover open in 30 years. Rainforest regions also typically receive higher-than-average annual rainfall encouraging profuse growth of vines, ferns, and other vegetation. All of these normal factors can be quite proficient in hiding buildings or monuments erected as little as 100 years earlier.

To the extent that any such structures are found, there is the potential for many more to exist.
Difficult jungle conditions for modern European and North American explorers would result in the disappearance and death of some explorers who went in search of such prehistoric cities both earlier in the 1900s and after the Landsat photos were analysed. Poisonous snakes and insects, fatal diseases, hazardous fish, injury encouraging terrain, and natives who have both learned to resist contact with outsiders and who reverently seek to protect the old city ruins as sacred from outsiders - all will make fruitful exploration difficult.

Herb Sawinski, an American explorer from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, who flew over the area at about 200 foot altitude, after the space photo discovery, would describe them as:

"They look like structures covered by vegetation.
They are symmetrically aligned in relation to one another.
Several show a washout near the top, which would indicate that they were man-made or further built up by (humans). The difference in the colour of the vegetation shows that they are made of different material than that of the surrounding basic jungle floor.

There are two other enormous rectangular formations now covered by trees and 2 semicircular ones, not so tall as the pyramids. They are to the south but are part of the complex. There are also high semicircular ridges at each of the complex, which may turn out to be walls."

The presence of non-natives in Central and South America would be established by the Spanish and Portuguese expeditions, who described encountering white tribes (one living in a city called Atlan) and also tribes of warlike blacks.

Colonel P.H. Fawcett, before he vanished into the Amazonian jungle near Xingu River in 1925, would recount stories told to him by the natives who considered themselves to be descendants of the original white-skinned builders who had many generations before built great cities that still existed. These cities were described as situated deep in the rainforest, high in altitude, with stone houses and stone streets illuminated at night by a steadily shining glow, the source of which was unknown.

Some of the natives also included references to great treasures in these far-off cities, primarily so they could send greedy, ruthless intolerant explorers off to their death and away from causing further anxiety and distress to the local people. Other natives would inform Fawcett that some of the ruined cities were still inhabited by a few original descendants who had formed an understanding with the surrounding tribes such that those tribes provided a barrier against intrusion by foreign peoples.

Many early agriculturally dependent human civilizations developed intensive cultivation practices which utilized irrigation and astronomy benefits. Irrigation enabled between 2 and 4 crops to be grown on land which would normally have produced only one per year. Agricultural productivity is closely aligned with climate variations, weather, and season length. Rational determinations of the start and end of seasons and the knowledge of certain lunar cycles can contribute to crops which are more successful and more productive than when seeds and seedlings are planted on an erratic basis.

Weather variations are very difficult for the average human to rationalize and so these are often projected to be under the control of supernatural beings - for their cycle of occurrence is of a time frame subject to human denial. Climate changes are never planned for, are frequently a matter of irregular variations involving even longer terms of experience. That is, humans are generally more concerned with what is likely to occur every year (seasons) than with what may change every 22 to 66 years (weather), and, have little concern for changes which occur erratically and may involve durations ranging into the millennia (climate).

Many major human agricultural societies would build pyramidal structures in an attempt to reach closer to the gods in the heavens (who would be personified as controlling the weather) and to show reverence to factors which controlled life itself (climate) and often personified as the Sun. A "pyramid belt" of such structures would form along the 30 degree N latitude to include cultures developing in the central Mexico and Yucatan, North Africa, Egypt, the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, Iran, and the Indian subcontinent. Many would also use towers, observatories, giant sundial pillars and complex stone patterns to augment calendars and enable predictions based on solar system alignments.

7,090 B.C.
The Great Melt occurs in which 90% of the ice and snow composition of the Earth changes to water resulting in a further expansion of the oceans and increase in their depth. The sudden addition of the weight of 18% of the Earth's 1900s water mass in 14,560 B.C. placed a considerable increase in localized pressure on the crust. That is, million of tons of pressure were added to the lower elevations of the crust. In response, the ocean floors stretch downward, thinning the crust and resulting in a conversion of rock to molten magma.

A series of fractures through the deepest regions results in an extraordinary amount of underwater volcanic activity which result in the building of the mid-Atlantic mountain range and sporadic range constructions in the western Pacific. This process does not begin in earnest until 9070 B.C. By 7900 B.C., the waters are warming adequately to result in dramatic climatic changes and a decrease in the size and depth of the polar ice caps. By 7090 B.C. , the maximum degree of melt has taken place resulting in an increase in ocean levels to 110 feet (33.5 metres) over 1996 levels.

According to bottom cores taken by research ships from the bottom of the Ross Sea and other coastal points in Antarctica, such regions were ice free at this time.

Plato and other scholars of his time were aware that many land-sea changes had previously occurred in various parts of the world - largely by the reports and accounts brought to them. Most of these accounts would later be shown to be correct. Herodotus would observe seashells in the Egyptian desert and a high salt concentration in Egyptian soil and rocks. A land bridge between Sicily and Italy would be recorded in ancient documents to have submerged into the Mediterranean. Islands were recorded as sinking and not reappearing.

Deep sea volcanic activity had largely declined to a minimum by 7600 B.C. but almost 500 years are required for the added heat to be dissipated by the melting of ice. By 7090 B.C. a threshold had been reached and within 100 years the polar ice caps would begin to thicken again. Over the next 90 centuries, ending in the 1900s, ice sheet thickness on Greenland and Antarctica would increase to as much as 2 miles (3.2 km); that is, 10,560 feet (3,168 metres). Average increase in depth per century would be 117 feet (35 metres), which compares to the 1890 to 1980 A.D. increase.

Whatever land surfaces had become submerged in 14,560 B.C. would now be further submerged by another 110 feet. The warming of the waters would hasten any decay and encrustation of materials in process and the subsequent turbidity of the waters would result in considerable sedimentation. Volcanic debris, continental runoff, and the scouring of land surfaces by wave action would all contribute heavily to such turbidity.

6,770 B.C.
In the city of Catal Huyuk, in Turkey, carpet is woven of such high quality, that it will compare favourably with the most beautiful carpets woven in much of the 1900's.

6,609 B.C.
This is the beginning of the GEMINI Zodiac Astrological Age relative to later planetary positions.
As all of the 12 "signs" occupies 1/12th of a 25,725 year cycle, a change to the succeeding "age" will occur every 2143 years. Gemini is considered to be the "youngest" of the astrological signs and it is possible that the modern (1996) configuration of the Earth's solar system was first in place as of this date. Since it is known as to which sector of the zodiac the Earth is travelling through as of the signs of Pisces and Aquarius, and, since there is no record of catastrophic planetary movements in human history, it is possible that such a reorganization or modification of the solar system has not occurred after this date until the present (1996)

Astrology seeks to interpret the influences of the positions of the planets, Sun and Moon on human endeavours.
These influences are only predictive of history to the extent that there are high degrees of correlation between the accurate and personalized charts drawn for human individuals and the manner in which they are encouraged to carry out their lives as well as the means by which they are challenged during that lifetime.

Each human, once aware of choice and free to modify his or her history by that choice - has the power to appreciate and extend the strengths which they as unique individuals within a 25,725 year period will be gifted with. The same individual will be influenced by a set of weaknesses in terms of attitudes, skills, and inclinations. Failure (destructive and negative actions) in their life will be the sum of excessive use of one's strengths and unrestricted use of one's weaknesses.

The competent astrologer informs a client of these aspects in a tactful manner with the hope that the individual who has requested guidance will use their birth chart reading as a foundation from which to plan one's successes, temper one's strengths, and, through self-discipline, reduce one's strengths. The balance of one's tempered strengths and one's tempered weaknesses would be human perfection - and success on what humans would divide into physical, emotional, intellectual, and, spiritual planes.

While there is always a variety of individuals with patterns of personality and ability represented from each astrological sign in all human cultures and races on the Earth at all times, human civilization as an organizational entity will also tend to reflect its zodiac birth inclinations during the Earth's transit through that sector of space and time. The direction of that civilization will also be predictable - only to the extent that its participants and leaders are unaware of the external forces encouraging their direction, choose to ignore them, or, choose to conceal them. Of importance to the reader is the fact that the future "easy" course can be predicted, is usually destructive, and can be modified.

The characteristics of the Gemini and the Geminian Age include these:

      basic          always youthful in outlook and appearance;
      flexible       adaptable, versatile, changeable;
      ego-centred    talkative, superficial, gossipy, boastful;
      anxious        busy, restless, inconsistent, inquisitive;
      stubborn       two-faced, always right, does not acknowledge others;
      proud          frequently try to impress others with their intellect;
      impatient      easily bored, needs challenge, seeks speed;
      immature       undisciplined, emotionally sensitive, flirtatious;
      visual         impressionable, gullible, fashionable, rational.

The Gemini "civilization" was one which would have prepared the way for the radical change which would be necessary in order to take humanity away from the "feel" reality and innocence of band societies and deliver it into the "sight" reality and shame of those yet to come. This "bridge" between two worlds of perception would introduce unreasonable concepts to earlier humans. Forced by changes in climate and in weather patterns together with a gradually expanding human population base - new ways of perceiving would arrive.

The members of this new emerging civilization would no longer be content to follow the traditions of their ancestry. The few remaining remnants of Neanderthals, flying monsters and reptilian horrors - encountered on the far reaches of their customary territorial ranges - would encourage them to travel further to satisfy their curiosity. Such travels would take them out of the protection of the jungle and its tropical climate into open spaces where one could see for hundreds of feet rather than tens of feet. This open, bright environment would reveal as never before the visual intricacies and imperfections of their bodies: pride, vanity, disgust, shame, rejection and prejudice would begin to emerge as never before. And all of this voyeurism would stimulate a new communications medium: talk.

While "language" may have existed previously for humans, it would mainly have been of a non-verbal nature.
When one spends one's whole life intimately with 10 to 30 persons and is never at shouting distance from them, patterns of "silent conversation" develop. Humans have a potential for thought transmission during a semi-meditative state. Much of this ability would be lost through disuse and by substitution with verbal communication. New sights could not be expressed with thought impressions - a form of mental instruction, awareness, and feeling mirrored in the targeted person. What the receiving person had not seen, experienced or felt could not thus be communicated in this manner.

Into the twentieth century, bands of pygmies and arctic natives could instantaneously communicate between themselves as to who should respond for the group, or first from the group, in response to a question from an outsider. The same was true of a band progressing on a hunt, sometimes out of visual range of one another, always without a pre-planned strategy or plan, and, always successfully converging in harmony and silence on the target. Infants playing would glance toward their mothers for approval or caution in their explorations and movements, and mothers would constantly sense where their children were - even though they might be behind them and out of sight. These skills became standard, accepted, limited. Longer travels and new environments provide many new sights and experiences. Returning home, one required symbols to convey these new images to the others in the camp.

What began as sand drawings would eventually be formalized into Chinese characters, Sumerian and Egyptian hieroglyphics, Central American pictographs, South American knot sequences, and a variety of alphabets. But at this point, drawings were the prehistoric photographs which stimulated discussion and description. As the ego benefit of description increased and those who could "tell" of their exploits became entertainers and teachers, language became a necessity.

Someone who could communicate about the unknowns could instill fear and reverence.
These "benefits" of elitism and privilege would lead to storytellers, mythmakers, and wise advisors - persons who were capable of gathering the band together in unity of focus and assuming the respect and authority usually reserved previously only for the Great Spirit - which pervaded all. The visual reality provide a need for description which language enabled to be expressed to many persons without the laborious and impermanent expression of a sand drawing. Visual description also enabled a new form of truth which touch reality would never permit: deception.

Band members knew the inconsistencies of visual perception and would resist this new form of communication for millenniums. Those who chose to, or were forced to, go beyond the abundance of the typical self-sustaining band environment (a real Garden of Eden) would increasingly find language a time saver and an asset to planning and strategy. In less abundant environments, hardship, change, and the unknown - would encourage language development as a means of conferring information between two "neighbours" who seldom saw each others roaming territory.

In times of ecological stress, the right information might save the life of a person, a family, or, a band on the move.

6,500 B.C.
The BLONDs revisit the Earth from the ORION constellation.
Their intent now is to colonize here by cross-breeding, bioengineering, and mutation.
The sun in their own galaxy is becoming unstable and preparations for dispersal to other planets has become a matter for longer-term survival. They leave, unsuccessful.

6,250 B.C.
In Death Valley, U.S.A., in 1850, William Walker discovered a ruined city.
It was over a mile in length. At its centre was a huge rock, 20 to 30 feet high with the remains of a large building on it. The south end of this building, and the rock that supported it, had been melted and vitrified. Volcanic eruptions are incapable of this and are not present in the area. Lightening, comets or conventional explosions could also not account for the specialized destruction.

A large meteorite or an asteroid would have left a crater.
The Natives in the area had no traditions of the ancestors of this village; they looked upon the ruins with reverence and innocence. The surrounding region is desert, although anthropology declares that at one time lush vegetation covered the region. The only force we know of today which could be capable of such destruction would be that of a nuclear reaction, uncontrolled by purpose or accident. Was the city destroyed for some reason by a nuclear weapon? Did a nuclear or other highly sophisticated power source spaceship accidentally blowup during a takeoff, landing, or while on its platform?

6,200 B.C.
The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah described in the Hebrew/Christian Bible, Genesis 18 and 19, has been interpreted by U.S.S.R. physicist and mathematician Professor Agrest as an explosion of which our only parallel is that of a thermonuclear hydrogen bomb. Those who remained behind or return towards the cities, not having "turned their backs on them", like Sarah, the wife of Lot who turned her eyes back to the city, were vaporized (turned into salt). Radioactive fallout killed all plant life and those exposed persons exposed to it.

"And the Lord appeared unto him ... And he lifted up his eyes and looked, and lo, three men stood by him ... And the men rose up from thence and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way. And the Lord said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do; Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, ... he will command his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do justice and judgement ...And the Lord said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous ... Abraham drew near and said, Wilt thou destroy the righteous with the wicked? ... I will not destroy it for ten's sake.

And there came two angels to Sodom ... And (Lot) said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, ... But before they lay down, the men of the city, ... encompassed the house round, ... all the people ... And they called ... bring them out unto us, that we may know them. And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. ... And they said, Stand back ... and came near to break the door. ... And the men put forth their hand and pulled Lot into the house to them and shut the door. And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness ...

And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? (worthy of saving) ... whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place: For we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the Lord; and the Lord hath sent us to destroy it.

And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife ... And when they lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the Lord being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth and set him without the city. And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed. ... And Lot said unto them, ... I cannot escape to the mountain, lest some evil take me, and I die: Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and is a little one ... Haste thou escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither ...

Then the Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven; And he overthrew those cities and all the inhabitants of the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground. But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt. ... And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace [atomic explosion mushroom cloud]. ... And Lot went up ... and dwelt in the mountain ... for he feared to dwell in Zoar (the little city): and he dwelt in a cave, ...."

In summary: "Angel-men" visit Lot; they warn him of their disgust with those in Sodom and Gomorrah who do not respect the God of the spacebeings and are not following the guidance given them earlier. Lot shows his reverence and acceptance of them; he shows compassion for his fellow humans and hope that they will regain faith. The angel-men meet him at one of the cities and he takes them to his house. The townsfolk gather, much as we would describe a lynch mob, suggesting that the angel-men look strange to them and they have fear enough to want to destroy these new people. Lot tries to protect them without success.

The angel-men in turn protect him and themselves by using special skills or technology to blind those who are near enough to cause problems. Lot, in disbelief, can find no one who will leave the city with him and the angel-men. Finally, the spacemen take Lot and force some of his close relatives to travel with them to a distance from the cities. They advise Lot of the power of the destruction to follow but he cannot conceive of such great devastation. Something like a thermonuclear blast occurs and now, fearing for his life from the recognition of the extent of the destruction and the death in the aftermath, Lot takes his two daughters with him to a cave in the mountains, for safety.

The Biblical story provides almost no background or description of what the people did or did not do to arouse the disapproval of the angel-men - beyond the demonstration of the humans of lack of acceptance, violence, lack of trust, lack of goodwill. The actions of the angel-men in carrying out the destruction, unlike that in most human conflicts, carries no suggestion of greed or envy for territory or material goods, nor revenge and hatred for past injustices. Their actions suggest an almost "scientific" detached approach of taking the responsibility for putting to an end an experiment that has failed. They are not trying to "convert" these people with missionaries; they have "written off" this group.

Unless they had bioengineered this race, which then proved incapable of adhering to the spiritual principles provided for them, why would the "angel-men" destroy them. In our bioengineering experiments in the laboratory, we routinely destroy lifeforms which develop with characteristics which endanger the survival of humanity. Perhaps the angel-men believed they were responsible for the survival of the more beneficial strains, the more spiritually inclined strains of humanity, at this point. Few such opportunities would exist again where concentrations of humans would be wholly directed by iniquities (anger, envy, gluttony, greed, lust, pride, sloth, vice, weakness). The angel-men were BLONDS.

6,000 B.C.
Aerial maps displaying features estimated by glaciologists and cartographers to be up to 10,000 years old have been found. In July, 1957, some old maps were found in the Topkapu Palace in Istanbul. They had belonged to the Turkish sea captain Piri Reis, who after having been a privateer, commanded the Ottoman fleet in 1550. Two other atlas of his were already known and had been placed in the Berlin Library. The Berlin maps gave surprisingly accurate surveys of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean archipelago.

When American cartographer, Arlington H. Mallery examined the Istanbul maps he found precise outlines of the coasts of eastern Africa and South and Central America. Reis had added a margin note stating that these maps were based on data from 20 charts, four Portuguese navigational books ... and a map drawn by Christopher Columbus. To read them correctly, a special grid was required. Reis had evidently used the grid and destroyed it before being executed by order of Sultan Sulieman II (translates to the English 'Solomon") for having lifted siege of Gibraltar in exchange for a large sum of money.

Mr. Mallery reconstructed the grid with the help of Mr. M. I. Walters of the U.S.A. Hydrographic Office. They discovered that the maps reproduced not only the exact coastlines of North and South America and Antarctica, but also their inland topography, showing mountain ranges, valleys, plateaux and individual peaks. Mountain ranges were also shown in Antarctica that had not been discovered until 1952, and their exact altitude was given. Greenland appeared to be shown incorrectly because it was shown in the form of three islands.

During International Geophysical Year (1957), the American Task Force 43 and explorer Paul-Emile Victor, with the help of the latest scientific equipment, confirmed the Reis maps finding that the plateaux and mountains were correctly located and that Greenland actually did rest on three large islands. This raised more questions about the maps since Reis had never left the Mediterranean and the coasts of Africa. A study published in 1960, found that Reis had collected 8 ancient Greek charts dating from the time of Alexander the Great (330 B.C. ) who having lived in Egypt had probably had access to the secret archives of Egyptian and Moslem priests.

As the maps were in a secret code, it seems evident that it had been decided by the originators that they should not be revealed to other than a select few. Glaciologists have noted that the data were compiled BEFORE the last glacial period, a view also supported by the differences in the coastlines since altered by erosion. For the accuracy present, especially of the mountains, the observer would have had to have an aerial viewpoint! What ancient highly advanced highly technical civilization could have drawn these maps, some showing features only discovered in the past 50 years, over 8,000 years ago?

Southwest Egypt, parts of Libya, Chad, the Sudan, and Algeria had enough water and rainfall to support animal and human populations. Rivers as large as the modern (1900s) Nile, flowed south and west through these regions and had numerous tributaries. Extensive grasslands and croplands enabled the development of agriculture. With both higher ocean levels, warmer ocean waters, and a smaller and shallower Mediterranean Sea - salt waters encroached further inland than in later eras. These resulted in the creation of salt lake deposits; percolation through the soil provided some fresh water aquifers further inland. These were augmented by much more abundant rainfall from the still warm-surfaced Atlantic Ocean and winds from the west.

It would be November of 1981 before modern humans began to realize and understand this fact.
Radar photographs taken from the USA Columbia space shuttle at that time, from an altitude of 125 miles, would show the river and stream beds hidden in regular photographs. Carved into the Tassili Mountains of Algeria, in what would become a completely arid landscape, would be representations of humans, animals, forests, plains, and rivers. These would be discovered by French military officers earlier in the 1900s but would never be accepted by the scientific community until the radar photographs confirmed their diagrammatic evidence. That is, $100 million would be spent to confirm evidence which was obvious, though not easy to rationalize, from 80 years previous.

About this time, the West Asian centre of development, humanoids located in the uplands of the Tigris-Euphrates river began to grow and harvest arable, storable crops in the form of wheat and barley grains.

The Chinese centre humanoids did likewise with local species of millet and soybean. Wheat, a West Asian cultigen, was imported later. Chinese cattle, sheep, and goats are also of West Asian origin, but pigs and dogs originated in a Southeast Asian locale.

In East Asia, waterside hunting and gathering flourished in the forests of Siberia, Manchuria, and northwest China, and in the belt of wooded oases in Mongolia.

In Southern China, the population was Australid, whose living representatives are the so-called Negritos of the Philippine and Andaman islands and of the Malay Peninsula, and amongst the Australian aborigines.

6,000 B.C.
Florida Bog Nomads formed a culture which would continue for at least 50 generations.
They would be more closely related genetically to modern South American tribespeople than to any other human subspecies. Their lifespan would be 70 years; comparable to that of modern (1996) industrialized and imperialistic large nations or federations of states. They made tools of bone and wood, whereas any other artifacts attributed to human ancestors of this time or for the next 2500 years would frequently be made of chipped or shaved stone and wood. They revered the bog as a gentle resting place for their dead.

The original natives of Florida NEVER built permanent residences or villages near the shore.
Americans in the later half of the 1900s would build quite extensively along the shoreline, and, suffer millions of dollars of damage, repeatedly, from increasingly severe weather during the 1990s.

It is easy for humans to be lulled into a false state of security and ritual by any pattern of natural activity which involves a cycle longer than 40 years. Most modern (1900s) humans have representative leaders; responsibility for relevant awareness and preparation of one's dependents rests with a leader: when leaders are incompetent by way of experience or awareness or pride or greed - catastrophe will result. Disaster is not premeditated for humans: they have choices.

6,000 B.C.
Modern Human History is relative to the written records made and of the permanence of those records.
Writing was often carried out with the use of local materials and symbols: in Egypt, on paper made of strips of papyrus reed; in Mesopotamia, on flat tablets of clay; in India, on paper made from palm fronds; in China, on strips of bamboo. Stone, wood, birch bark, and leather were other media used. Few of these early writings survived decay, geological upheaval, flood, fire, political unrest, vandalism, and intentional destruction by individuals, institutions and governments.

In addition, sufficient interest had to be present to have the originals copied and recopied over the centuries and in the process some were "corrected" by well-intentioned or pious scribes while partial disintegration of the writings and translation of them led to other changes in the original. Words within the same language sometimes dramatically changed their meaning in as short a time as a century. This was true at a much later time when the English word "awful" changed in meaning from a description of an object which was "full of awe and splendour" to "crude and despicable."

In many cases, the original requirement for writing was an extension of the recording of trading credits.
Thus, in Sumer, Mesopotamia, a series of symbolically-shaped small stones came to represent specific measures of what an individual was owed for his labour or in exchange for grain or other materials. Rather than carrying these in a leather or cloth pouch, they were placed in a clay "pouch" which was "sealed" at the top. In practice, these frequently either became broken or flattened in use and eventually a custom developed in which the contents within would be shown on the outside by impressing the symbolic form on the outer surface. This custom eventually was simplified to simply using a small flat clay tablet on which symbols representing value had been imprinted. As trading became more complex and widespread in the region, more symbols were required to express the differing transactions and products involved.

The population grew in density and an administrative political leadership and elite became necessary in order to maintain orderliness in the pre-capital economy as well as to maintain just social relationships and a record of ownerships. This requirement encouraged the development of even more complex symbols of a hieroglyphic nature. The use of such pictogram symbols would later be found as a basis of the records of Sumer, Egypt, and the Inca, Maya, Aztec, and some interplanetary lifeforms.

Because the Greeks would write down their political experiences in more recent times, and, because they achieved a good measure of permanence - there is a modern record of the persistent strife which was enacted between the Greek city states. These often occurred with each trying to steal the territory of the other so as to have more land on which to grow food for an increasing population. Since the motivation behind the battles and attacks was often assumed to be obvious, much of the record would focus on the details of strategy and how such contributed to victory and pride, or, loss and hatred.

On the other hand, little would be know about the score of thunderous battles by which Darius the Great and his generals would defeat the many rival claimants to the Persian throne, although these battles may have been quite as brilliant feats of generalship and as gallant deeds of courage as those recorded of the Greeks.

For the same reason, modern humanity would know quite a lot about Greek and Roman engineering, but very little about ancient Iranian, Indian, Chinese, native American and Egyptian engineering. In Iran, India, and China, either the subject was safeguarded within secret societies, the writings were destroyed for any of a host of rationalizations, none were made, or, they became lost or destroyed through geological, climatic, or political upheaval. Even where the records would survive to the modern era, many would lie entombed in museums, private and exclusive libraries, or ancient hiding places - never to be translated into the more common languages of the present.

5,500 B.C.
The Gate of the Sun - Puerta del Sol- is a 10 ton, 10 foot high, 12.5 foot wide monolithic stone gateway surmounted by a three tier frieze leading directly into the city of Tiahuanaco, in the Bolivian Andes. It is at the southeastern end of 12,644 foot elevation Lake Titicaca. Flat-topped pyramids, terraced mounds, rows of monoliths, platforms and underground chambers abound here. There is no record of anyone, at any time, having seen the city in anything but a state of ruin.

On the gateway are carvings of highly stylized individuals who seem to have complex mechanical devices inside them. These devices suggest some sort of space suit equipped with motors. Nearby, monolithic sandstone personages with big ears and four-fingered hands sit staring out at passersby. The Aymaras, older than the Inca, maintain that the city was built by the first men on the Earth and that it was created by the god Vira Cocha even before the birth of the sun and stars.

Garcilaso de la Vega, the historian of the European conquest of South America, had bequeathed some unpublished documents concerning Andean traditions which were finally researched in the mid-20th century. They seem to provide explanations of South American, Egyptian, Greek and Babylonian traditions and mythology. A direct descendant of Vega and a biologist, Garcia Beltran summarized and commented on the documents as follows:

"The pictographic writing of Tiahuanaco says that in the era of the giant tapirs, highly advanced human beings with webbed hands and blood different from ours, coming from another planet, chose 'the lake higher than the earth' as a suitable site ...

About 5 million years ago, when there were fantastic animals on our planet and man had not yet appeared, a spacecraft that shone like gold landed on the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca.

From this spaceship came a woman who looked like modern women from her feet to her breasts, but had a pointed head, large ears and webbed hands with only four fingers. Her name was Orejona ('Big Ears') and she came from the planet Venus. Her webbed hands indicated that water was abundant on her native planet, and that it played an important part in the life of the Venusians at that time.

The planet was actually Mars, but when Orejona tried to indicate its placement in the sky (which at that particular moment appeared close to Venus) her human observers expected and assumed that she must mean the more visible and radiant planet, Venus. Humans have always been attracted to the obvious, simplistic, and dramatic rather than the subtle, inter-related and realistic.

Orejona apparently intended to create an Earth-based Martian race: she, or they, had sexual relations with, or, bioengineered their genes with that of a tapir (mammalian) and produced several children. These offspring were born with two breasts and an intelligence which, though inferior to Orejona's, was greater than that of any other Earth animal; but their reproductive organs were like those of the tapir. The human race was established.

One day, having accomplished her "mission" and perhaps tiring of the earth or wanting to return to Mars to find a husband in her own image, Orejona left in her spacecraft. Her "creations" procreated. Most of them lived like their tapir ancestors, but in the region of Titicaca one tribe remained faithful to the memory of Orejona. They developed their own intelligence, preserved their religious rites and eventually originated the pre-Inca civilizations. That is what is written on the Gate of the Sun at Tiahuanaco.

It is quite possible, and referenced elsewhere, that the true origin of Orejona was not Venus, nor Mars, but rather the Pleiades star cluster in the constellation Taurus.

Geologists believe that the city was destroyed by some later cataclysm, probably an earthquake.
In Ancient South America, the "Big Ears" constituted a superior caste that spread as far as Easter Island. The giant statues on that island all have large ears, and it is curious to note that the same is true of the Indian Buddha sculptures. An Amazonian tribe distort their ears by inserting ever increasing round flat pieces of wood into their ear lobes resulting in misshapen large droopy ears, considered a sign of beauty amongst them. A U.S.S.R. engineer, Alexander Kazantsev, has identified a Venusian calendar on the Gate of the Sun.

Kazantsev believes that it is the oldest calendar on earth, representing 225 days.
The length of the Venusian year is 225 days. It is possible that misunderstanding humans concentrated their heavenly investigations on Venus (the more visible) and determined the calendar in that manner. This would only have merited such attention if great reverence was given to a being believed to come from there, or, if the planet was idolized for some other reason.

The thin atmosphere on Mars together with its high carbon dioxide content might also relate to why a highly advanced civilization would locate in the Andes at an elevation of 12,000 feet. Its later disappearance, could be explained by a combination of assimilation genetically with primitive humans and a virus that was either deadly to them (like AIDS) or which produced mutants incapable of survival (like syphilis or mongolism). Perhaps it is little more than the story of a highly advanced Martian society trying to find a favourable planet to colonize as their own was about to be destroyed relative to their survival. They came to Earth, could only survive at higher elevations, could not reproduce adequately by interbreeding with humanity, attempted to transfer some of their knowledge, and died out.

Some means of levitation or anti-gravity technique is evident in the formations made both here and in ancient Egypt where huge stones seem to have been easily moved and placed with more effort being placed on fitting the stones together exactly without mortar.

Inca tradition says that when Orejona landed on the "Sacred Rock" in the "Island of the Sun" in Lake Titicaca, she brought plants, animals and "other things" from her original planet. A pre-Columbian legend relates that the god Tvira built a temple on the Sacred Rock in honour of Orejona, and that some black stones were kept in it. These stones, called kala and associated with the Sun God in a mysterious way, have vanished from the island in Lake Titicaca, possibly taken or destroyed by greedy or pious human explorers.

There are three black stones now venerated in the "Kaaba" of the Great Mosque at Mecca.
They are said to be of celestial origin: they were given to Abraham by the Angel Gabriel as a reward for his victory over the demon. Another tradition states that they fell from Venus. According to Garcia Beltran, the black stones of the Kaaba were shaped by human hands; he believes that they were brought from Titicaca, the Inca "navel of the world", to the Kaaba in Mecca, the Moslems' "navel of the world."

He continues:
"If Orejona abandoned them in the Andes, it was probably because they were of no value to her. They were probably some sort of waste material .... They may have been used for the "astral propulsion" of a Venusian (Martian) spacecraft. They contain neither uranium nor radium, and they were formerly antimagnetic, with a polarity capable of suppressing gravity."

The black stones are tektites; geologists cannot explain the presence of them on the Earth.
They contain minerals rich in isotopes (aluminum, Beryllium) whose deterioration has been evaluated. They seem to have been subjected to very high temperatures and heavy radioactive bombardments less than a million years ago. Tektites have been found mainly in India, Australia, and France.

The Inca empire stretched from modern Quito, Ecuador, to modern Santiago, Chile, a distance of more than 3000 miles. Machu Picchu, in the Peruvian Andes was empty from about 30 A.D.; when Pizzaro came to Cuzco, their capital, in 1532, they had forgotten it. It was rediscovered by American explorer Hiram Bingham in 1911. Within 50 years of Pizzaro's arrival from Spain, the population of 12,000,000 had fallen to 500,000, as thousands of natives died each week from European diseases brought by the invaders, and, from forced labour in the mines where the Spaniards sought ever more gold.

5,050 B.C.
In China, a spacewoman from the Pleiadian star group acts as a mentor to the wandering tribes to show them how to grow and harvest rice. It is a sacrifice of labour and faith to grow a crop and later store it while in the past one has been living by hunting and gathering on a daily basis. The Chinese revere the Pleiadian as a goddess, unintended on her part, for she comes from the sky in her beamship and eventually goes back to the heavens. Because of the magic (misunderstood skill) which the spacewoman demonstrates, the Chinese follow her directions oblivious to the advantages which she is aware of.

Harvesting of grains, use of fire for cooking, and storage of food will enable these humans to settle in one place and begin developing a culture. The use of pottery changes from simple gray types to painted pottery. Range of equipment used expands to include hoes, spades, digging sticks, weeding knives, milling stones, kilns and pottery molds, spindle whorls, sewing needles, stone polishers, and 3 basic woodworking tools: axes, adzes, and chisels.

Group efforts will allow specialization of some skills, and, as the organized group grows in size, leadership requirements and territory possession and protection will become issues. Community will also enable the humans to protect themselves better from the dangers of wild animals, famines and natural disasters: a steady state population will begin to expand faster than previously.

During the Han dynasty (202 B.C. to 220 A.D.) the emperor would retain scribes to "order" the old verbal histories. They projected emperors into what, for them, was the most distant past, using the contributions of successive Pleiadian visitors as personalization of the initial line of 3 emperors and a justification for the authority of the present and future emperors.

The second of the Three Primordial Sovereigns was called Shen-nung, The Divine Husbandman.
His contributions to the "advancement" of human civilization are those noted above. Wooden ploughs were also introduced, and, with the growing and harvesting of grains, an exchange of commodities between specialized communities would begin. His wife was credited with the introduction of sericulture (the raising of silkworms for silk).

5,000 B.C.
Ornaments of Platinum have been found in Ecuador dating from this time.
Platinum requires very high temperatures (over 1,770 degrees C) to melt it.
Scientists are unaware of how the local peoples produced such temperatures.
Copper, a much softer metal with a much lower melting point, was not mined in Peru before 2000 B.C.

4,466 B.C.
This is the beginning of the TAURUS Zodiac Astrological Age relative to later planetary positions. As the sum of the 12 "signs" occupies 1/12th of a 25,725 year cycle, a change to the succeeding "age" will occur every 2143 years. To the extent that human history follows the pattern of characteristics indicated by the zodiacal sign, it is predictable; perhaps prophetic.

Taurean traits include:

      idealist          paternal, reliable, patient, well-intentioned;
      focused           adept in business, strong powers of endurance;
      materialistic     a firm sense of values, especially in the arts;
      gluttonous        love of luxury and good food; 
      self-centred      persistent, solid, determined, strong-willed;
      envious           affectionate, warm-hearted;
      ritual-directed   trustworthy;
      insecure          possessive, lazy, self-indulgent;
      proud             greedy, stubborn, resentful;
      need for power    obsessed with routines.

A Taurean culture is one in which the members would want a permanency of residence; neither a roaming band nor a herding tribe. To this end it will be attracted to the single-mindedness and stability of a leader, dictator, and authority-based organizations. Security is sought in a social identity, membership, rules and regulations, and surface commitment. Insecurity results in political acting-out in which leaders exploit human intense emotions to motivate greed, envy, pride, hatred, lust, revenge and possessiveness.

Incurring many losses, setbacks and adversaries due to political actions, the culture is likely to become risk-adverse excepting in times of desperation. Thus, participants have a tendency to be conciliatory and forgiving of their leaders and to conceal any individuation of dissatisfaction or disagreement until a wave of abuse has reached a great depth. This self identity-denial provides an image of patience, orderliness, passivity and acceptance until a revolution of reactivity evolves in which members demand that the promises made repeatedly by their leaders be effected. A need to "display" both the individual's identity as well as that of the state encourages ownership and imperialism together with its attendant abuses of rights.

Social participation is generally of a manner of affirming one's membership and is also used to rationalize crude emotion-based activities which actually act as a release for denied individual emotional expression. Thus, the individual is actually more content when alone and permitted to effect their individualism in private.

Decision making within the Taurean society is decidedly authoritarian: stable, intolerant perceptions are the basis for decisions which once made are not to be either questioned or reflected upon. Originality is not prized for it invites risk, instability, conflict, and change. Predictability is sought as an indicator of order and a basis for peace. Unfortunately, while there is an obsession with this assumption and expectation, this approach often promotes bureaucracy and rote following from participants who suspend their individualism and with it goes their creativity and personal satisfaction with having done one's best - unless one is a leader.

Planning also follows these directions in that there is very little.
Most endeavours are entered into on the basis of an emotional reaction or a recent whim. Once the activity has been decided on, a plan is devised in an attempt to carry it out: the concept of formulating a plan to determine which actions would best be engaged in for a particular result is totally inconsistent with the thinking of this culture.

The activities of the Taurean culture and its participants centre around possessiveness.
As mentioned above, expect lust, greed, envy, and pride to be expressed openly or covertly. The end result is that personal relationships become centred on ownership and institutions will be constructed to sanction and promote this sense of ownership.

Slavery, in every sense of the word, will be demonstrated throughout the society: owner-slave; seller-buyer; employer-employee; leader-follower; elite-subject; commander-troops; husband-wife; church-parishioners; creditor- debtor; manager-clerk; parent-child; provider-dependent; sacrifice-duty; membership-obedience; rich-poor; colonizer-subject; attacker-defender; winner-loser.

Regardless of intentions or statements, the reality of social structure will be inequality as a result of a focus on security and peacefulness promoted, without reflection, as either freedom or equality. This elemental contradiction of stated intentions and results will continually promote misunderstandings, distrust, anger, revenge, hatred, and even rage.

As the Taurean culture seeks to move away from the wandering band and nomadic herder, it will focus on singular location enterprises and those employment positions which promise profits to enable early "retirement.": farming, horticulture, business, construction, specialist, real estate, civil servant or bureaucrat, banker, religious officer, record keeper, law officer, entertainer, explorer. It is the most desperate, most poor, and most greedy which now venture beyond the growing towns and cities. Security, safety and consistency entice the weak, the abused, the ostracised, and the downtrodden into the political fold.

4,400 B.C. - By this time,
Tribal societies have begun to develop.
Larger in numbers of members, more structured and authoritarian, compared to bands, and, less self assured - they impose their will on bands whose members they consider to be either weak or savages (depending upon how much they resist a restriction on their freedoms).

A modern example of this would be the actions of the Bantu-Sudanic village tribes of the Congo, pre-1961. The BaBira and the BaNgwana would believe that they were right in imposing their culture on the BaMbuti band members - because they considered the latter unorganized, powerless, uncivilized "savages." When first encountered by European colonizers (pre-1920), the Kung! (Bushmen) would be considered to be wild animals and be hunted accordingly.

As late as 1861, Mark Twain would describe the Shoshone (North American natives) as the "wretchedest type of mankind" he had seen and Hubert Howe Bancroft would suggest that they were simply wild animals. Many other examples exist in recorded human history, although the records made by tribal and state societies seldom considered it relevant to note those aspects of life which they found damaging to their pride. Bands were all the more disgusting to tribes because they were self-sufficient, individual members were resourceful and knowledgeable, and, they were easily deceived, tricked, and otherwise abused. This is a dynamic which began from this time in the modern-termed regions of Egypt, Amazonia's boundaries, and China.

Fearful for their survival, sorcery emerges in regions where settlement is increasing and where intervillage warfare is being induced by acts which damage the value of someone's personal efforts or property (Montagu, 1978). Now that survival is becoming more challenging, elementary technology emerges to extend one's sense of power and control.

With a more temperate climate evolving in more locations and with human population densities encouraging a greater spreading of humanity, people increasingly find themselves moving through and over plains, grasslands and shrublands. No longer are the staves and ready small implements, so abundant in the jungle and forest, now available. Now, for ready availability and use, the individual is encouraged to "possess" the best form of implement or tool which can be found and to carry it wherever one travels.

Meat eating and scavenging has become routine now for one's vitamin C intake must be increased and citrus plants are less available in the new territories. Predators leave much of their kill for scavengers, and, having encountered periods of hunger, humans have followed the example of the scavengers and followed the predators. It is soon learned that by using one's walking stave in an aggressive and defensive manner, other scavengers can be driven back from the partly eaten kill, allowing food for the members of the tribe. Much of such food-of-desperation is eaten raw for the use of fire and cooking is still rudimentary for humans.

It is discovered that by eating certain parts of animals, one's emotions can be altered as hormone secretions are ingested. These provide intense experiences of aggression and sexuality to the participants, and, the attraction to and dependence upon meat begins to become addictive. Soon, the prospect of sharing such delicacies with other nearby needy bands deteriorates into competition - not so much from resource need as from resource greed and dependency.

Hormones have the primitive influence on humans of a narcotic.
The eating of parts of raw organs for this purpose would continue well into the 20th century among exclusive organizations in Japan and other countries. Meat eating is encouraged by acquired metabolic weakness and by patterned emotional addiction in an environment of growing insecurity and desperation.

The environment for these nomads, hunters (more often scavengers), and gatherers is now more open, more routine, more scarce of food, more demanding for memory and planning and reflection. One cannot simply find abundant supplies of food and water by looking for it. One must remember where pools, rivers, springs, clumps of edible plants, sheltered locations, insect mounds, animal pathways, dangerous slopes and ground, and, competing bands are located.

This "stored" knowledge is added to the previous "basic living" knowledge of the simpler and individually self-sufficient band participants. individuals who become proficient in specific aspects of this "remembered" knowledge emerge as specialists within a new and enlarging community. Eventually, participants within the community will increasingly become dependent upon each other as many will become specialists in some skills and knowledge whom others will come to perceive of as mentors and leaders.

Competition for resources, larger communities, greater interdependency, the benefits of specialization and location-centred "wisdom" will also encourage the expression of authority, pride, envy, sloth and inequality. Band participants will begin to feel that the "Great Spirit", their "God" or "the spirits of nature" have turned against them. Amidst stories from their ancestors of times of plenty and times of contentment, they will increasingly find themselves living lives frustrated by increasingly erratic climate, seasonal variations, more apparent disasters. The once friendly and motherly environment will increasingly become perceived as being undependable, hurtful, even uncaring.

To resolve this dicotomy between the know all good spirit of the past and the increasing influence of apparent bad spirits in the present, spiritual specialists will begin to emerge within the group. It will become preferable for such a person to develop a skill of longer-term memory. Humans have the capability for many skills; often, only those developed by self-discipline emerge as true skills.

At some point, the concern for a loss will motivate a human to develop skills of reflection, correlation, organization, and questioning - such that a history of experience begins to become apparent. Often spurious or idiosyncratic in the beginning, rationalizations will develop concerning ways in which afflicted persons may be helped. Chantings, dances, rituals, and other hypnotic behaviours will be found to be helpful in allaying the fears and anxieties of such afflicted persons and removing their negative attitudes of doubt, suspicion, paranoia.

Specific herbs and potion mixtures will be found effective in modifying one's emotional, habitual, and physical health. "Medicine" men and women and spiritual leaders will emerge as mentors to the band. Their intent, at best, will be to restore the context of reverence for themselves, all other life, and, the Creator(s) which was fundamental to the contentment experienced by their ancestors.

The BaBira and the BaNgwana are Bantu-Sudamic Congolese villagers.
They are tribal agriculturalists who live near the band-like BaMbuti pygmies.
They fear death as unnatural and follow elaborate burial customs.
Their environment is not one of shelter, abundance, nor closeness - for they live outside of the rainforest. Semi-permanent mud huts arranged in 2 rows facing one another form their settlements. With the rainforest cleared away, the heat of the day is unbearable, suffocatingly oppressive - and the sky is a cool blue or drab gray, clogged with dust and humidity. Unprotected by the forest, the rain beats down with a sting. The huts, standing in the open, are close and stuffy and huge mosquitoes, gnats and spiders are attracted to them.

These people believe in evil spirits, sorcery and magic.
They believe what they see. Symbolic behaviour becomes a representative of real behaviour - after all, they look the same. The performance of the ritual is what matters, it provides a sense of control. These once herding tribes have been displaced here to an agricultural lifestyle. Unlike the BaMbuti, they have no territorial bond, no link to their ancestors. Importance is visually determined. Prestige is enhanced by payment of bribe wealth.

To the pygmy bands, the tribespeople are greedy, suspicious, untrustworthy and superficial.
Their displays of jealousy, hatred, drunkenness, and sexual infidelity disturb the peacefulness of the forest which the bands call their home.

The BaBira and the BaNgwana are a fearful people.
Their own lack of self-esteem and doubt of the benevolence of the supernatural encourages them to regard the BaMbuti as inferior humans. Male dominance sets women apart as labourers. The increased formalization of social structure in the tribe and the increased degree of private dwelling privacy distances the children from a knowledge of sexuality, sensual expression and hunting practices.

This reality is used to justify brutal rituals of initiation of adolescents.
The tribesmen's sense of private property they extend to the BaMbuti members.
Through favours, it is assumed that the recipients owe the giver.
A priest/witchdoctor leads the village in ritual and sorcery to appease the gods.
These tribes have long since abandoned the Emotive touch culture of the band in exchange for the Rational visual culture of the tribe.

With the introduction of plantain and banana plantations by European colonizers, the Yanamamo, formerly a band in southern Venezuela and northern Brazil, adopted tribal ways. They settled into semi-permanent villages and their population increased. With deforestation and population explosion, game became overhunted and scarce. Eventually, the men would have to spend 10-12 days away from their wives on each hunting expedition. A restriction on their wide-ranging hunting and gathering activities stratified the society such that women worked as plantation workers and men sought to establish their identity and masculinity through hunting, ritualized aggression, hallucinogenic use, and, inter-tribal war.

The women, concerned over the loss of the consistency of their past lifestyle, concerned over the necessity for them to work steadily at the plantation, restricted in their use of birth control practices by ignorance or the encroachment of missionaries, and, concerned over the material prospects and future for their children - felt compelled to avoid pregnancy. Long post-partum taboos together with long hunting separations resulted in the males becoming endemically sexually frustrated.

Frustration was acted out through aggression.
Wars were instigated to capture women from other tribes for the purpose of gang rape.
Lack of intimacy, sensual gathering lifestyle and the dignity of individual self-sufficiency and voluntary communal sharing encouraged an anti-female attitude amongst the males.

In a band environment, the failure within a couple's personal relationship to adequately share the sensual and sexual inclinations of each other usually results in a dissolution of the relationship: no regrets, no anger, no feeling cheated or violated, no coercion, no abuse. But now, outside forces and the expectations of a previous more balanced lifestyle provide an expectation of spousal long-term commitment. A commitment encourages expectations and when those fail to be met, the concerned participant often feels that the bond has been broken, deceptive, manipulated, violated in spirit.

Sex, as a reward of military "bravery" in these new and more complex societies occurs only because the warrior takes it; it is not a gift of the society. When the Yanomamo rape their captives they are not receiving gifts from their society - they are taking from another society. Their own society comes to sanction sexual favours to warriors in order to avoid the sexual and physical abuse which would otherwise be acted out upon the women and children in one's own village.

In the era of tribal war, there becomes a dynamic of dependency.
If the warrior is not appreciated by and given sanctions by the person who has been protected, the aggressor may withdraw his protection from the enemy which he has created against the protected. That is, once the war dynamic has begun, the warriors of the attacked tribe, whose wives and girlfriends have been captured and raped, will seek retribution in like fashion against the women of the attacking tribe. Should one or more women from the attacking tribe shame their protectors for raping other women, they may find themselves at the mercy of the new enemy - with the protection by their own male villagers proving to be negligent by design.

Such self-demeaning and female disrespective behaviour only increases the destructiveness of the war dynamic. While physical satisfaction may be gained for a few minutes, there is a void of emotional and spiritual satisfaction which comes with choice, privacy, sharing, caring and compassion. Toxic shame can only be the result. No amount of war and raping will dispel the loss of one's spirit and identity. And so, addictive behaviours arise and become endemic - acted out through hallucinogenic use and aggressiveness.

The human tribal organization presents a fundamental change in perception from that held by the band participant. Even as reality for a band member was mediated by feel, the reality of the tribe member is mediated by sight. To a band member, the birth of a child becomes an extension of the sensual life of the couple. The parents very equally share their time with the child and their love.

With the tribal orientation, sight intervenes and what was felt in the darkness is now exposed to the harsh light. Childbearing remains fulfilling to the female for it is visually obvious that the child is born from her. No male can share in this responsibility or experience or visual expression. Distance is placed frequently between the child and the father by tasks which take the father away from the village. In boys, this encourages a prolonged immaturity in which self-esteem and identity are confused by the lack of presence and example of a constant role model.

Identity is often encouraged to be expressed in terms of a negation of femaleness for the male rather than an affirmation of maleness. Thus, whatever the mentoring mother shares with the daughter, the son seeks to demonstrate the reverse - except where anti-social extremes are mediated by one or both parents and the community. Activity replaces patience, calm, and self-assurance; outdoors skills replace indoor skills; ruthlessness replaces compassion; competitiveness replaces cooperation; ....

... gender stratification of skills, attitudes and feelings hinder inter-gender communication and encourages gender group bonding. The end result is institutionalization of male immaturity. Males become obsessed and indoctrinated with the belief that their identity is an extension of whatever they can create visually. This becomes the prime motivation behind human architectural, academic, political, military, artistic, social, institutional, and technological expression. Restricted in the acting-out of many of these options, the Yanomamo male, returning from hunting, drug use, war and raping - still can find time to beat his wife publicly to demonstrate his physical power and control in a relationship in which he has lost control of intimacy.

In the Canadian Inuit tradition, a changing and harsh environment encouraged certain religious developments.
In a manner similar to other bands faced with the confusion of a changing world and rising doubts about an all-powerful and benevolent God, the Inuit came to believe in Kaila, the outcome of all of nature's actions. As an essential power, it was considered impersonal in character. Neither fear nor love would be felt towards it.

A simple hierarchy of spirits and lesser gods as representations of evil, of the unpredictable, and of good would become identified. Mass confessions and spirit songs would be indulged in to demonstrate reverence and respect for the gods. They would constructively raise the self-esteem of the participants by providing a context for forgiveness of guilt and shame together with an affirmation of personal responsibility and a desire to improve one's attitude and performance in the future. A challenging environment required a wider range of coping skills.

The concept of possessiveness will increase and with it feelings of frustration, anger, lust, and hate.
The use of staves and rocks and other tools will graduate in function from their original use as means to acquire food and steady one's footing - to aggressively taking and defending one's possession of food from other scavengers - to aggressively defending one's territory and possessions from other people. It will soon become noticed that the erratic, explosive, short-lived expressions of interpersonal anger in bands is now a weakness when confronted by a group of adversaries.

Perhaps for centuries, occasional groups of band adversaries will posture their anger and frustration against other groups. They will dance and prance and scream and yell, throw sticks and stones at one another, develop memories of vengeance and hatred, and, largely scare each other. Then, someone will become a specialist in confrontation - the first military leader.

Natural catastrophes were increasingly encountered by the Aztecs and an obsessive fear of gods developed.
The use of superstition, magic and ritual came into practice with the intent of satisfying or manipulating the "gods" who became symbols of natural forces. No longer was God viewed as a benevolent creator for the people no longer held an understanding of their God and no longer had or developed the skills with which to communicate with and receive guidance from God. They had become materially rich and proud, and, set in their traditions - unwilling to seek for guidance from supernatural sources and certainly unwilling to follow guidance which they wished not to hear and interpreted as direction from a cruel or evil god which now asked them to leave their villages or make other changes which challenged their faith.

The fall of the Aztecs would result from their willingness to project the positive image of a god onto the Spaniards and a negative image onto their surrounding peoples. Their willingness to plan the ritual murder of hundreds of elitist volunteers in an effort to show their materialistic reverence for their god would demonstrate how far they had separated from the band concept of reverence.

Rather than looking for guidance from and self-disciplining oneself to follow that non-coercive and always constructive advice, tribes would, at some point, adopt rituals in which self-sacrifice (life) replaced self-discipline (effort); material sacrifice (pride) replaced ego-discipline (humility); and, salvation of many (a group) at the expense of a few (war, prisoners, execution and torture) replaced salvation of self, by means of forgiveness and grace.

Once set in the mode of idolatry (material-based ethics), humans would blind themselves to spiritual alternatives - until they inherited devastation. What makes this human cycle possible, in spite of choice, spiritual capability, and constructive alternatives is a human process called "tradition."

Tradition, that is, pattern awareness and repetition, is a form of behaviour followed by all animals, though more dependently by humans. Particularly from the formation of tribe and more structured human organizations, tradition has become important to the regulating and direction of human behaviour. While most lifeforms are comfortable following genetic patterns or in self-altering them, and in responding to stimulation from challenges and opportunities in the environment surrounding them, humans build a form of experiential education, often derived from trauma, which is obsessively and authoritatively impressed upon future generations.

Contributors to this class of behaviour including modeling, mentoring, imprinting, ritual, spurious reasoning, cognitive dissonance, shame, crowd and group hypnosis, and, authority. When their is abundance, contentment, satisfaction, reverence, confidence, cooperation, respect, and self-assertion - there is little requirement for incidents and experiences to be finely remembered.

When bad things happen to well-intentioned people, emotional trauma (distaste) demands resolution through positive coping skills, and, if they are unavailable or unknown - the distressed individual seeks to fix the memory of the incident in their memory together with the failed or successful response taken. Tradition becomes the sum of the individual experiences which a group acknowledges as preferred options for coping with specific incidents. Traditions are intended to be patterns of behaviour which safeguard the individual participant in the society from the pains, hardships and disappointments which otherwise are expected to occur.

Traditions are NOT categorically constructive behaviours and the inability of humans to be sufficiently self-directed as to discard destructive patterns and continually adopt and promote constructive behaviours, regardless of political basis can only lead to societies which increasingly invite hardship and challenge for their members. Traditions are often learned from modelling. That is, junior members and new participants observe that most of the adult or current members behave in a certain way at specific times. These behaviours are obviously tolerated by the majority, considered to be "correct", and are often rewarded by acceptance as well as other benefits. The initiate who wishes to be a member of the group will be encouraged by this reality to observe and follow.

For some, a rationale or understanding of the tradition may enable a fuller acceptance of and replication of the new and possibly morally awkward behaviour. Rationalization, in which an excuse or imagined reason is formulated for the behaviour, is common, and, often inaccurate. Spurious reasoning in which the reason for the activity is associated with other events by way of expectation or coincidence provide a foundation for superstitions and prejudices. That is, the high level of anxiety which an individual may attach to a "need to know" the basis of the tradition - may encourage the hasty conclusion that whatever imagined origin which "fits" one's awareness or expectations is in fact the reason sought for.

Coincidental events or observations taking place when the trauma is initially experienced are likely to be assumed to be a part of a problem or its solution - even though they have no direct connection or relevance in reality. Errors in association are frequent when they are made under duress of fear, anxiety or ego expression of imagination.

Depending upon the historical longevity of the tradition and the degree of aggressiveness and authoritarianism with which the tradition has been impressed upon all new participants, the originating incident leading to the formation of the tradition may be forgotten. This will be true in most cases. Imprinting and mentoring are two ways in which traditions are transferred on to new members, often without any foundation of logic, understanding, or relevance.

Imprinting is a process which occurs with most animals and may extend to other lifeforms as well.
In brief, the young, confused, anxious, needy individual seeks the pre-birth security, or, pattern of expression, which typified its earliest period of growth. Any apparent parental, protective, soothing, or guiding lifeform which provides a sense of this fulfillment is identified with by the infant. As an expression of identity, the infant then accepts and expects to behave as its "parent" does. It feels comfortable, secure, and loved as long as it can see itself as a mirror image of the "successful" entity which is assumed to be, and often is, its parent.

When parents are absent or assigned caregivers are inadequate in providing a range of "traditions" to the growing infant or child which consistently prove to be successful or advantageous, the child may look for, or a volunteer may provide - a better model from which to imprint. That is, in a challenging environment, the child who has a high sense of self-determination may look to individuals within the community, either present or in myth, to provide a behavioural direction which facilitates better coping - greater contentment, achievement, security, power.

These mentors, in extreme situations, are allowed to provide the influence of a human idol.
Efforts are made by the dependent to mirror the appearance, language, presentation patterns, decision making style, beliefs, attitudes and confidence demonstrated by the mentor.

The rational perspective of the dependent assumes that whatever behaviour has worked in a constructive manner for the mentor will also be effective for them even though the follower's personality, circumstances, network of contacts, and capabilities will be different. The willing and sympathetic mentor will attempt to share and encourage the development of all of these factors with the student, associate, or confidant.

The motivation of the mentor or patron is to spare the often younger individual the difficulties and hurtful mistakes which they themselves have weathered, or, to draw the failing yet effort-making individual into their more successful lifestyle. This is typically a minority transfer of elitist tradition and frequently is centred on a specialized form of lifestyle and community involvement: an officer in the area of religion, law, trade, crime, military, and, their various sub-fields.

Mentoring is often successful in its aims.
It fails when conditions which support the success of the derived tradition change and result in the tradition becoming irrelevant, in part or whole, to the present reality. Depending upon the level of awareness of both the mentor and the student, the transfer of the tradition involved may be simply a duplication made on the basis of faith and reverence, or, it may involve more dynamic decision making skills with a focus on constructive change and relevance.

Cognitive dissonance arises when dependent individuals within a human-based authority structure are encouraged to accept rationales and perform actions as a demonstration of their faith and confidence in the righteousness of their leaders, instructors, parents, friends, associates, and fellow participants - in order to remain a group participant or to attain or confirm a sense of membership and inclusion.

Cognitive dissonance often borders on toxic shame in that the individual is influence to feel that their performance of an otherwise disagreeable or perceived-as-immoral activity is required in order to prove that they are strong-willed, committed to the beliefs of a social group, or, simply want to carry out what is perceived by others to be acceptable behaviour.

Torture of oneself or others, taunting of individuals, group expressions of intolerance, participation in war, experimentation with live animals, embargoes, terrorism, religious fanaticism, date rape, hallucinogenic and narcotic drug use, urban gang membership, mass demonstrations, acceptance of classroom presentations, and deference to unspiritual institutional standards are frequently all promoted by the use of cognitive dissonance.

In effect, individuals suspend their independent reasoning and decision making choices to adopt those choices made by others who represent a "community" of persons which the individual wants to be, or believes he or she is identified with. The more frequently the individual affirms their identify in this manner, the easier it becomes for them to set aside their independent choice in the future.

Shame-building and pride-building are frequent tools used to manipulate the self-esteem of a human. It has been said that you can get almost any human to do whatever you wish by either ridiculing them or by flattering them. Esteem destructive or toxic shame is a tradition within most non-band human societies.

The benefit of its use is that it encourages the individual to lose self-esteem and become passive before societal authorities including political and military leaders, religious and educational leaders, and institutional and bureaucratic entities. The human experience has demonstrated that, for humans, order in larger groupings and densities of people than one finds in bands can only be efficiently achieved by the weakening of the individual's sense of self-esteem, self-sufficiency, self-direction, self-image, self-awareness.

Toxic shame seeks to diminish or destroy these features of identity by intolerant, ruthless, tactless, hurtful abuse, abandonment, criticism, distrust, perfectionism, lack of acceptance or acknowledgement, inconsistency, rigidity, distortion, negativity, and other forms of spiritual assault. Constructive shame is often present in bands and continues here as constructive criticism which can promote a stronger self-expectancy, self-motivation, self-direction, self-discipline, self-dimension.

Toxic shame encourages the development of obsessive and compulsive practices (traditions) which are best demonstrated by addictions. In seeking to atone for irrelevant declarations of weakness or unsuitability, the individual may either fulfil the expectations of the accuser or passively withdraw from expressions of their independence and self-expression. In the former, the individual may become what they have been so frequently accused of: a whore, a weak-willed person, irresponsible, dependent, lazy, chronically angry or abusive or combative, over-competitive, aggressive, greedy, self-obsessed. In the latter, the individual frequently experiences chronic depression and/or anxiety.

These feelings will often encourage the development of drug addictions (alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, hallucinogens, narcotics, stimulants, depressants, sleep aides, mood modifiers, ...), achievement (work) addiction, security (power) mania, intimacy (sexual) obsession, and control (possessiveness) compulsiveness. Both of these shame-based reactive "traditions" serve to distract the individual from the political and economic self-serving power structures which are given the power to eradicate or intensify toxic shame traditions. As individuals surrender their personal choice to direction by "leaders", how successfully will those leaders respond for the spiritual benefit of the individual?

Crowd and group hypnosis together with pride-building provide a release for the accumulating toxic shame experience of individuals. With the basis as a deference to authority and leadership, individuals who have been taught, criticised, abused, demeaned, embarrassed, and ridiculed into believing that they are faulty, unlovable persons - become easily fixated on statements that either overstate an acceptance or acknowledgement of a tendency, skill or achievement.

This fixation endears the person to the flatterer such that more balanced elements of trust-building, cooperation, and negotiation are replaced by subservience and faith. It is this tendency to fixation which influences both individuals and crowds to surrender their choice (free-will), as if in a hypnotic trance, to the promoter, politician, or manipulator. When surrounded by others who respond in unison, a tremendous sense of power is transferred to the individual. As long as they participate, the emotional intensity of power justifies the surrender of identity.

In this manner, there is little difference in the "tradition" being acted out by the soldier, the gang-rapist, the lynch party participant, the political demonstrator, or the communion taker: with few exceptions the individuals have willingly surrendered their free will to the power of the masses in the hope of acceptance and benefit. Whether the tradition proves to be constructive or destructive to the individual will be determined by the degree of spiritual awareness attained at each event participated in.

An intelligent question might be:
"If you were to make your decision regarding this activity in private and with reverence, with the assistance of prayer or meditation, what decision would you take full responsibility for?"

Traditional practices and attitudes can often be detected by the assumptions and expectations voiced in support of their use, that is, the rationalizations and excuses used to avoid the potential group anarchy, potential change, and potential self-independence:

      "That's the way we've always done it"
      "That's the correct way to do it"
      "That's just the way I am, or who I am"
      "If it was good enough for ..., it's good enough for me"
      "This is how we do that here"
      "Don't ask questions, just do it"

The attraction of social stratification and the use of traditions will be seen as human "civilization" expands in size, density, movement, and power dramatically from this point.

4,200 B.C.
Epidemics of Viral Diseases have begun to occur due to the ease of transfer to larger numbers of people who were living in higher densities and larger numbers in tribal and city state political organizations. The presence and spread of such diseases amongst bands is minimal as contact between large numbers of persons never occurs and density of settlement rarely exceeds 30 persons. With the advent of tribal and more structured settlements, humans aggregated into high densities and numbers ranging from 1,000s to tens of thousands. Maximum potential viral contact increased from 70% of 30 persons to 100% of 50,000 persons.

Viral illnesses indicated in the preserved corpses of ancient Egyptians include smallpox, and poliomyelitis. It is quite likely that viral influenza, mumps, measles, distemper, were also common. The sudden arrival and spread of these illnesses and their disfiguring and fatal effects encouraged fear and anxiety in the influenced populations, doubt in the existence of a benevolent god or supernatural being, and, the superstitious rationalizations of the presence of evil spirits. Attempts to counter the influence of these spirits led to more superstitions often founded on spurious and coincidental associations between actions taken and symptom reduction.

Symptoms of some of the common viral diseases are as follows: General feeling of sickness, diarrhea or constipation, headache, body aches, fever, rashes, sore throat, chills. Some would have delays between exposure and appearance of the first symptoms of from 7 to 21 days - making inaccurate associations even more likely. The devastating effect would remain relative to population size and density: small at this point.

4,004 B.C. - During the 1600s,
The Date of the Creation of Adam, in the Hebrew Bible would be given this date by Dr. James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, (October 22), and, by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, Dr. John Lightfoot - working independently.

4,000 B.C.
In Peru, ancient history was recorded by the Incas in knotted strings.
An interpreter of the strings, a quipocamayo, Catari, translated the language for the Jesuits in the 16th century. About 1625, the canon of Chuquisaca, Bartolome Cervantes gave the manuscript of the translation to Anello Oliva, an Italian Jesuit chronicler who wrote a history of Peru. Since then, the manuscript, like many similar ones, has been kept in the Vatican, safe from those who might be critical of the church's authority and teachings if the writings were more public. The following is a summary of the writings by Gonzales de la Rosa who lived in Peru for many years.

"The original name of Tiahuanaco was Chucara.
The city was entirely underground; on the surface there was only a stonecutting yard and a village in which the workmen lived. The underground city would provide the key to an astonishing civilization that goes back to the earliest of times.

There were several entrances to the city.
They were seen by the French naturalist Alcide d'Orbigny and the travellers Tachudi, Castelnau and Squier, who speak of dark, fetid passageways leading into the interior of Tiahuanaco. The city was built underground to enable the inhabitants to live in a more clement temperature.

(Alcide D'Orbigny, 1802-1857, explored South America for seven years, from 1827 to 1834, and wrote many works that are still regarded as authoritative worldwide. The main section of his book Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale focuses on Bolivia and was translated into Spanish. Gonzales de la Rosa used that translation as a reference.)

Near Lake Titicaca was a palace of which no trace now remains, for its construction, according to the texts, goes back to 'the time of the creation of the world.' The first Lord of Chucara, which means 'House of the Sun', was named Huyustus. He divided the globe into several kingdoms. The last inhabitants of Chucara were not the Aymaras but the Quechas.

In Tiahuanaco, the dead were buried in a lying position.
On the islands of the lake lived a bearded white race. Gonzales de la Rosa believes that the ancestors of the Uros were the founders of Tiahuanaco, recalling the alien origin of the colonists who settled around Lake Titicaca. All the traditions state that a superior caste of white-skinned people settled in the Andes long before the rise of the Inca.

In very ancient times, the Sun God, ancestor of the Inca, sent them one of his sons and one of his daughters to give them knowledge. The Inca recognized them as divine by their words and their light complexion. (Pedro Pizarro, cousin of a conquistador, says in his chronicle

'The noblewomen are pleasant to look at; they are beautiful and they know it.
The hair of both the men and the women is blond as straw, and some of them have fairer skins than the Spaniards. In this country I have seen a woman and a child whose skin was unusually white. The Indians say they are descendants of the gods.')

Very ancient Chinese traditions report that an emperor tried to replace the Chinese ideogram with an alphabet whose letters were represented by knots similar to those of the Inca quipus (knotted strings). The pre-Inca also wrote on banana leaves beginning with the reign of Huayna Caui Pirhua (third Inca) but was forbidden during the reign of Topu Caui Pachacuti IV (63rd Inca). When soothsayers read in the ancient writings that terrible catastrophes would soon ravage the Andean region (which did occur) Pachacuti IV ordered that all banana leaf paper be burnt and forbade any further writing under penalty of death.

Such superstitions and ignorance displayed by humans in political or religious or social positions of power has led to widening expanses of ignorance and iniquities amongst humans inevitably resulting in much waste, abuse and loss of life. Iniquities lead to cultural weakness and anarchy; superstition leads to lack of preparation for real emergencies; catastrophes eventually occur; only those who are prepared, are strong, and have guidance from a Superior Intelligence (whether that be God, a spaceperson who shares a belief in God, or a leader with spiritual strengths) have any hope for survival.

4,000 B.C.
The story of Prometheus provides a possible link between Tiahuanaco and Ancient Egypt.
Martians who had landed at Tiahuanaco, travelled to Egypt where one communicated, likely by a manner of mental telepathy, of coming from the heavens and of a city (Tiahuanaco) which had been destroyed. Having crossed the Atlantic, following a catastrophe which destroyed their nation, the native city, or cities, was/were remembered as Atlantis ("catastrophe") and the people as Atlanteans. Prometheus brought the science of how to make fire (for ovens and forges) and so foiled the prudence of the Master of Thunder (which only provided fire during thunderstorms).

Now humanity could make a fire at will.
Zeus was angered and punished all mortals because of that fire - so Greek mythology relates.
For having such power they also received its disadvantages: accidental fires, injuries and death; greater capacity to make implements, tools and weapons - encouraging possessiveness and greed; greater capacity for agriculture and dependence on grains - making long hours of work, food surplus and storage, warfare resulting in campaign away from home; increased population through increased level of nutrition, surplus food supply, increased leisure, increased use of "aphrodisiacs" - meats, herbs, increased use of narcotics.

These results were not foreseen by Prometheus for they were not a normal outcome from his more spiritually-based heritage and were not naturally encouraged developments at high altitudes - where fire simply provided warmth and a capacity for survival. The atmosphere of Mars is very thin; even the Earth's atmosphere at a high mountain altitude would feel both "heavy" and highly oxygenated until the Martian body adapted, as does that of a human diver descending into the depths of a lake or ocean.

Much other information was imparted: much of which was lost in the fire of the Library in Cairo; some found its way into Greek mythology and Egyptian mythology and writings; some was recorded in religious writings ranging from the Jewish-Christian Old Testament to the Egyptian Book of the Dead to the Indian Vedas and the Tibetan Book of the Dead.

The man from Tiahuanaco could not adapt well to the lower altitudes of the Egyptian plains and so, going by the maps, of which Piri Reis later obtained a copy, he set off for mountains beyond the Red Sea, leaving bits of his knowledge along the way in Arabia, Chaldea, Assyria, India, China. Again referring to the Promethean story, the initiator of mankind, punished by Zeus and, according to Greek tradition, is chained to the peak of Mount Caucasus, at exactly the same altitude as the plateau of the Andes on which Tiahuanaco was built! Prometheus may even be a personification to represent not only an individual but a separate race of individuals.

Egyptian civilization, unlike most other human civilizations, appears to begin at a high rate of sophistication. Suddenly, in Egypt, writing arrived, cities were built, agriculture dominated and granaries were built, roads, canals and dams were constructed and eventually, Pyramids were built. Pyramids were built in Mexico, Persia, India and Egypt. They demonstrate arithmetic accuracy and solar relationships which our "modern" science is still discovering anew. In the 1980's, a spaceprobe to Venus returned photographs of pyramid forms on the surface. Such are clearly not geological structures on any planet.

Georges Barbarin, a historian, translated in 1955 from a Coptic writer of the 10th century named Masudi:

"Surid ... one of the Kings of Egypt ... built the two great pyramids ...
He ordered the priests to place inside them a summation of all their wisdom
and all their knowledge in the arts and sciences of arithmetic and geometry,
to remain as a record for the benefit of those who might some day understand them ...

In the eastern pyramid (Cheops) were inscribed the celestial spheres
and figures representing the stars and their cycles, and at the same time
the history and chronicle of times past, times to come, and each
of the future events that would occur in Egypt."

Engineers have estimated that during the construction period, Egypt would have had to have a population of 100 million, and powerful machines developed to a degree of perfection unknown in our time. Examples of the movement of huge objects by levitation employing a ring of people surrounding the object chanting particular sounds in unison suggest some form of energy or dynamic we are still unaware of in the late twentieth century. On a theoretical basis, it becomes possible to lift and transport blocks of stone weighing several tons with ease by polarization of gravitational fields.

On the first day of spring, the south passageway of the Great Pyramid perfectly frames the Pleiades cluster of stars; some scholars even maintain that the 7 chambers of this enormous monument were inspired by the 7 stars visible in the cluster to the naked eye during that time. Now, only 6 can be easily seen. It is likely that a Pleiadian spaceperson either contributed to the growth of culture in this region, or, originated it.

Garcia Beltran also commented that the Egyptian pyramids were replicas of others which existed in the Andes.
The oldest pyramid in Egypt is the one at Saqqara; the original name of Tiahuanaco was Chucara.
It also is a six-step pyramid like those of the pre-Inca.
Using information from the documents of Garcilaso de la Vega, Beltran states the following:

"... the Pyramids were built for the practical purpose of rainmaking.
They were covered with a very smooth white metal and could be seen glittering from hundreds of miles away. For this reason, they were called "the Lights".

The metal should have been silver, but an alloy was used instead, because silver was too scarce in Egypt.
Some of this metal is now found on the walls of mosques, which have a bright silvery sheen.
Memphis was then the largest city in the world, and the capital of the Empire.
The countryside was a garden of greenery and life, because rain could be made to fall at will.

The esoteric function of the Pyramids was to reverberate the magic word, to reflect the light of the moon and change its polarity, and to seed the atmosphere in such a way as to cause rain during certain phases of the moon."

Egyptian archaeologists now know that the metal on the walls of the Cairo mosque came from the pillage of the Pyramids. Greed and ignorance has resulted in the metal covering and most of the treasures placed within the pyramids having been taken elsewhere. By so doing, humanity has lost much of the knowledge stored there and it is quite possible that a rich agricultural region has largely returned to that of desert.

Egyptian legends describe how civilization was brought to Egypt by the god Thoth "from the west."
This happened after a Great Flood. This is emphasized by a passage from Diodorus of Sicily, a first-century writer and historian:

"The Egyptians were strangers, who in remote times, settled on the banks of the Nile, bringing with them the civilization of their mother country, the art of writing, and a polished language. They had come from the direction of the setting Sun and were the most ancient of men."

"... at the same time the art of writing appears, monumental architecture, and the arts and crafts, develop to an astounding degree ... all the evidence (of) a well-organized and even luxurious civilization. All this is achieved within a comparatively short period of time, for there appeared ... no background to these fundamental developments in writing and literature."

The Egyptians appear to have been sufficiently advanced in their calculations and astronomy to have calculated the solar Earth year and symbolized it in stone. The sum of the 4 baselines of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, measured in pyramid inches, gives a figure of 365,240, which needs only a decimal point to give a fairly accurate count of the days of the year. The Egyptians knew the correct number of days in the Earth's solar year such that they adjusted their own cycle once every 1460 years to account for fractions of days. The new cycle was started on the modern equivalent of February 26th, which in Egypt occurred in the month of the god Thoth, the traditional inventor of writing and the bringer of civilization to Egypt.

A confirmation of the scientific expertise of the early rulers and administration of Eygpt is demonstrated in particulars discovered by French Army engineers during Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in the 1800s A.D. The engineers were originally looking for a large object which they could use for triangulation for the surveying of the Nile Delta. They decided on the use of the Great Pyramid. They found that the pyramid was exactly aligned with the cardinal points, that extensions of its diagonal baselines would correctly bisect the Nile Delta, that an east-west line through the centre ran along the 30th parallel, and that the measurement of the pyramid itself seemed to coincide with the French metre, only then recently established as one ten-millionth of the polar axis of the Earth.

It would seem to the French engineers that the pyramid had originally been planned to serve as a geophysical indicator, a concept that would be affirmed by still later discoveries. Some of these would include the finding that 3.1416, the value of pi, was the equal of the base measure of the pyramid divided by twice the height. Also, the length of the Great Year of the zodiac would be arrived at by adding the diagonals of the base. Other calculations would yield the accepted weight of the Earth, the number of days in the solar calendar, the distance of the Earth to the Sun, and the land and sea surface proportions of the Earth.

The long King's Passageway, rising from the center of the pyramid diagonally towards an opening would be found targeted on the North Star (Polaris) in the Big Dipper, although at the approximate time the pyramid was built, Polaris was in Draconis (the Dragon). In addition, if a straight line was projected from the southern base through crossed diagonals at the centre, it would miss the North Pole by only 4 miles, a deviation caused by the slight shifting of the pole since the time the pyramid was built. Yet this structure was constructed by a people who appeared to have just graduated from the stone age.

An Egyptian Copt historian, Masudi, would write during the Middle Ages of an account that the Great Pyramid was built during the Reign of the Gods, before the Flood, to safeguard ancient knowledge. There would later be found evidence that the Great Pyramid had experienced one or more floods, since shells and fossils from the sea would be found around its base, and, indications of a salt deposit would be noted in the Queen's Chamber within the pyramid. Masudi would recount how the Great Pyramid was not a tomb, but a book in stone, a book that could be read when generations far into the future possessed enough scientific knowledge to understand its implications.

For the moment, finding and putting food on the table was more of a concern for many Egyptians.
The use of fire for the cooking of food was a regular process from this time forward for humans. This development contributes a major nutritional change to human history. Enzymes are delicate life-like substances found in all living cells. They consist primarily of an amino acid, a mineral, and vitamin-like substance, interwoven into a substance which interacts as a catalyst in the human body to breakup other proteins, starches and fats. Enzymes may be "stored" in some forms of dried or dormant foods such as seeds, dry herbs, dried flesh, and, fruits dried at low heat. Sun-ripened fruits and vegetables are rich in enzymes. Enzymes are required for the efficient digestion of any food by humans. Foods without enzymes have little more nutritional value than ash. In the end, you eat a lot more quantity and calories in order to get the nutrition you need.

Heat destroys enzymes.
Boiling the food is one of the most effective methods of destroying all or almost all of the enzymes therein.
Most other forms of cooking and manufacturing of foods are also effective in destroying enzymes.
Cooking can make contaminated foods more healthful; cooking can enable the combining of foods so that bland or hard foods become tastier and easier for the modern human to chew; cooking often makes it necessary for the healthy human to expend a great amount of energy in order to obtain adequate nutrition AND retain an optimum weight level.

3,952 B.C.
Ancient Sanskrit records from India indicate a very highly advanced awareness of the complexity of the universe.
Specific areas in space are designated as "laya" centres which signify both the end and the beginning of matter. This concept is similar to the theorized "black holes" of the later 1900s. In the ancient Surya Siddantha, it is assumed that the Earth is a sphere; thus, "above and below is only relative. How can there be an upper or under side to it?"

In the Akashic records, a cosmic memory bank stores all the actions and memories contributed through the ages by human beings everywhere. It is further indicated, that spiritually gifted persons can obtain information about past events and past lives by way of spiritually tapping into this cosmic memory bank.

Indian philosophy suggested that the atom could be split - with the possible results of great devastation and sudden power generation of huge magnitudes. The Indian philosopher Aulukya discussed in his teaching a miniature solar system within the atom, molecular construction and transformation as well as the theory of relativity more than 2800 years before Einstein work in the 1920s.

A reference to what appears to be the molecular combination of matter would appear in Hindu-Buddhist texts pertaining to the attainment of Nirvana through the liberation of the soul from the Wheel of Rebirth. One of the Buddhist commentaries explains the composition of matter by comparing it to separate needs, tied and held together in bundles, with the bundles then held together by other bonds, which, according to how they are combined, form all matter, animate and inanimate. Working in the reverse toward the liberation of these bonds, the large bundles dissociate into smaller ones and the smaller ones then dissociate as well, indicating thereby the path of the liberation of the soul.

3,761 B.C.
The Jewish Calendar dates from this year.
The Jewish equivalent of the modern date of 1993-94 is 5754.

Dates of Old Testament events sometimes seem to be vague and inaccurate for they are assigned different dates by different sources. A case in point is the dating of the Great Flood. In the Hebrew reckoning, the date should be 1656 after creation; the Samaritan reckoning places the Flood at 1307 after creation; the LXX (Septuagint) reckoning records the Flood at 2242 after creation.

The mode of stating dates according to years from some starting point to the present was never formalized in recorded human history until the Roman Catholics did so in the centuries following the death of Jesus Messiah (Christ). Gradually, a chronology was then reconstructed backwards from that date, often on the basis of the length of reign of particular leaders. As to what was considered a definable period of time during this pre-calendar period, varied somewhat according to culture and politics.

Many bands had little motivation for the recoding of time or histories.
Every day presented them with much the same hunting and gathering demands as the previous.
Most were to be found in locations where the climate was either consistent (tropical, arctic, mountain) or where it was inconsistent (deserts). For them, the basic period of time was the day and this was followed by cycles of the Moon (without reference to the number of days).

Of somewhat band dominant history was the fact that a particularly traumatic event (flood, fire, wild animal attack on the village, disease epidemic, murder, earthquake, eclipse, volcanic eruption, ...) would be remembered for a time and subsequent events would be dated from it. Over time, this reference became so dissociated from the day-to-day practical reality of those living that it was relegated to a time period denoted by an idiom of the tribe which meant "a very long time."

In the Middle East, the idiomatic number of "40" came to reference "a large number or quantity of" people, vases, cattle, days, lunar periods, years, .... For a herding, illiterate, nomadic society, "40" was a significant number. A travelling group of families would seldom exceed 20 families in number. Even the largest and healthiest of families would seldom exceed 15 in number. To the extent that seasons appeared to repeat, that appearance would take place within 10 to 14 lunar cycles. The herd kept by a nomadic family would seldom exceed 27 animals; often the number would by closer to 10. Within this context, "40" represented an almost irrelevant quantity - an abstract, - a very large amount.

It was only with the adoption of and dependency upon an agrarian lifestyle that more specialized dating refinements became relevant. Now, the length of a season, the time of the rains, the best times to plant, the time of frosts, the cycles of flood, drought, and pestilence - all became of extreme importance to the survival of the community. A miscalculation by several days could result in the total loss of a crop, and famine.

Astronomy came to be of the greatest importance in agrarian societies which survived for any period of time.
But while agriculture required and encouraged the development of a calendar manner of perceiving the universe, such a consideration often extended only as far into the past or into the future as weather cycles determined. In modern times, we are aware of weather cycles of approximately 11 and 22 years in duration which coincide with sunspot cycles.

Until the 1900s, most other climatic variations of major importance have been related to such erratic events as severe volcanic eruptions (both undersea and land-based), severe undersea earthquakes and bottom movements, and major asteroid and comet impacts.

Since, 1910, humanity has acquired the power to modify regional climates according to land use, ecological destruction, chemical dispersion, and heat and gas releases into the atmosphere. But in ancient and prehistory eras, such a close and long-term consideration of time was considered extravagant, until ....

With a communal focus on agrarian production, surpluses enabled the administrators to accumulate a trade equivalent of capital. A social service bureaucracy and labourers for public works became possible. Wealth attracted the envious and the greedy. Soon, tribes which, by population expansion, or, changes in their regional climate, or competition from other tribes - were experiencing a drastically declining living standard - decided to take advantage of the material successes of the agrarian city states.

With this cycle becoming somewhat annoying and repetitive, the city states funded armies.
Risking one's life as a career was not an attractive occupation for someone from a materially advantaged society. Payment for such military services appealed to mercenaries and the impoverished; the former were undependable in their allegiance and the latter often were inconsistent in their courage and insufficient in their motivation for professional training. Yet as battles were fought and victories won, the rulers noted that the stories of the victors raised interest, enthusiasm, and pride amongst those in the community.

Agrarian activities are largely repetitious and boring.
The young are naturally motivated with a susceptibility for offers of drama, adventure, risk, - all that the status quo seems unable to deliver. Tales of military conquest, strategy and emotional intensity provided the political leaders with motivated, young, easily indoctrinated volunteers. More tales and a "history" of such successes intensified the process and appeared to better unify the populace of the city state and its defending, and later offensive, forces. A long-term history requirement evolved.

Long-term histories would now be constructed from the successes of the past and present.
Few failures and disasters would be recorded unless they could somehow support the status quo of the ruling elite: to perfect strategy, to encourage respect and submission to the authority of the leaders, and, to make society more uniform by the promotion of certain personality traits and behaviours. Moralistic renditions of military successes, challenges, and defeats would be used to this end. Interpretation became much more important than either truth or spiritual relevance. Such divisive information would be conveniently withheld from the public.

3,540 B.C.
The GRAYs mentor Central Asians in Husbandry.
A GRAY Insectoid exploration team arrive to inspect the Earth on a consideration of future colonization. They represent the remnants of a colonizing force which had been growing on Venus until a recent catastrophe there.

Their "home" planet in the constellation Sirius has not had contact with them for almost 100,000 years and they are presumed dead. The orbit of Venus has been recently altered by its near crash with another planet, which is now fragmented into asteroids. The gravitational stresses between the two planets on their near approach was sufficient to tear the smaller, cooler and more brittle planet to pieces. The rebound gravitational field which developed on Venus as a consequence increased the core pressure and influenced the long-term generation of heat sufficient to raise the surface temperature by at least 600 degrees Celsius.

The atmosphere of the planet Venus was totally changed as a result of the clash of intermingling magnetic fields during their close proximity. A humanly unimaginable electrified fireball effectively atomised the atmosphere and any water resources and scoured the crustal surface. The resulting recombination of elements would leave a heavy suspension over the surface which would act to trap the radiations from the Sun and maintain a high shell temperature. This dynamic would severely limit any cooling of the now raised temperature core.

On their arrival on the Earth, the GRAYs land in Central Asia, a region of lush vegetation at the time.
As Insectoids, they are characterized by ritual, patterned organized behaviours, a society of stratified levels of responsibility and authority, and a co-dependent parasitic lifestyle. In the latter, the GRAYs utilize a fungus to metabolize other lifeform wastes (plant and animal) into a form which is beneficial. They attempt to "domesticate" and husband the local human population but have little success. First, humans are larger than them and are repulsed and frightened by their appearance.

Secondly, the local population are self-sufficient and individually self-directed and have little inclination or interest in a centralized authority structure for their social relationships. The GRAYs attempt to convey the concept to their human flock by demonstrating the dynamic through their use of other animals, which they come to concentrate on. Eventually, they abandon the option of "organizing" humanity and consider humans too "primitive" for their purposes.

The GRAY team become faced with their eventual mortality when they find themselves no longer able to procreate for reasons unknown to them. After a period of co-existence in the Central Asian region with humans for a period of about 15 years, the GRAYs climb aboard their spacecraft, put it on autopilot, and all go into a long-term period of suspended animation for the expected 1,000 year voyage to their constellation. There is insufficient personnel, an inability to reproduce, and insufficient life duration for active command personnel to continue to pilot the spacecraft - an immensely risky option.

During their 587 year travelling between Earth and the Sirius Constellation an accident happens.
While passing through an intergalactic gas cloud, the turbulence experienced by the craft results in one of the controls being influenced to modify the suspended animation process uniformly for the crew of 54. All are placed into a state of 1/60th re-animation. This re-activates their biological aging while maintaining them far short of life-responding awareness.

During year 785 travelling away from the Earth, all of the crew die.
As a safety precaution under such circumstances, to avoid the possibility of crash landing on their planet and causing much devastation, a failsafe system monitors the life status of all passengers. At any time after activation and before deactivation, if all lifeforms on the craft are sensed as dead, the system self-destructs the craft. That operation takes place now. Those in the constellation Sirius have no knowledge of the success and later devastation on Venus; they have no knowledge of the attempted colonization activities on the Earth; they have no awareness of the returning crew and its destruction.

Exposed to the example of the GRAYs for a period of 15 years and then left with their flocks of domesticated animals, the Central Asian humans decide to take over the flocks and give husbandry a try.

3,500 B.C.
The BLONDs set up a base on Mars.
The BLONDs are frustrated with the progress of humans on the Earth such that they decide to try colonization of a less environmentally friendly planet: Mars. While the atmosphere of the planet must still be protected against, this is considered a small problem in relation to the greater gravitation leading to higher weight of mass on the planet Earth. In addition, the presence of primitive humans who present a threat to a peaceful civilization, a threat to themselves, and, a threat to their environment is added deterrence to settling on the Earth. The new arrivals build enclosed cities which are not discovered by humans until late in the 1900s.

3,230 B.C.
The Olmec (Rubber People) Civilization begins to built near the Gulf of Mexico, in southern Mexico.
Their region will measure 125 miles by 50 miles wide. An elaborate system of aquaducts, reservoirs and irrigation will be built and will ensure maximum agricultural production and municipal water supplies. Corn was the staple of the diet. The land of the Olmecs was later termed Tamoanchan, an ancient Maya word meaning "Land of Rain and Mist", or, "Bird Serpent." Aztec legend says that this is the land where everything began. The modern climate is tropical with a rainfall of 120 inches per year.

Extensive trade was carried out with surrounding tribes and involved furs, precious stones, and raw materials. In the decoration of textiles and sculptures, vivid reds, yellows and black were favoured. Paint was even spread on bodies and structures by the use of paint rollers.

The image of the jaguar became the most commonly sculptured motif.
As a cat, it is unusual in that it loves water and swims well.
Thus the Olmecs believed that their Rain-god was a progeny of a jaguar and a woman.
This is presumed by the abundant finds of figures with part human, part cat features.
Recognizing the importance of rain for agricultural prosperity, the Olmecs thanked their respect-demanding human-cat rain-god for their successful crops. Deformed and mutated babies were revered and it was believed that the more one of these children cried and tears streamed down its face, the more rain would surely fall. Such infants were frequently sacrificed to the rain-god.

3,160 B.C.
The Maya either developed from the Olmec or came into the region and replaced them.
The scientific sophistication of the Maya mirrored that of the Egyptians both is focus and content.
The ancient Maya astronomers recorded the Earth's solar year as 365.2420 days, slightly improved over the 365.240 days of the Egyptians, and, very close to the most recent accuracy calculated (1995) of 365.2422 days. The first known human calendar is attributed to the Maya and dates from 3113 B.C. It can be read precisely for any day and year in the intermediate period and is considered, in the 1990s, a masterpiece of mathematical and astronomical knowledge by researchers.

3,100 B.C. - Near this time,
Humanity (Adam and Eve) leaves the Garden of Eden, according to the Hebrew Old Testament account of history. 1650 years would pass until the Great Flood. About 3300 years would pass before the destruction of the First Temple and the Babylonian exile would begin.

An early kinship convention of passing on one's name to one's offspring, especially if they resembled you, would be maintained until human social groups made the relatively small number of descriptive names used too repetitive and confusing: many one come to share the same name. That would not happen for centuries, and in some parts of the world, for millenniums.

The longevity of individual humans was set at 120 years, according to the Jewish - Christian scripture of Genesis 6:3. Some individuals would later be recorded as living as long as 240 years, yet there would be many more which would die through miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, or infanticide. Many recorded human cultures would come to have average lifespans of 70, 65, 55, 40, 30 and even lower. Epidemics, made possible by higher population densities and an ease of travel would translate into mass deaths. Wars would also contribute, especially as they became better financed and organized.

Many of these contributors to shorter lifespans did not exist at this time in the Middle East. Accidents, catastrophes, assault and murder would have been major influences. A hidden and almost chronic contributor to shorter human lifespans would frequently be malnutrition, overnutrition, and a lack of cleanliness. Nevertheless, in the early writings of the Hebrew clans, particular individual names were credited with very long lifespans.

In modern times (1996), the Dalai Lama, that is, the spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhist followers, is still intended to be appointed to the position on the basis of how well the infant or youngster resembles the last living leader. The factors taken into account include physical appearance as well as a number of so-called spiritual, intellectual and emotional indicators. By following such a tradition, the title or "name", Dalai Lama, has "lived" for several millennia. In the early Jewish tradition the following would be noted as living similarly extended lives:

    Adam        930 years old, dies in ( 932 + 3100 BC) = 2168 BC
    Shes        912 years old, dies in (1044 +  "  "  ) = 2056 BC
    Enosh       905 years old,  "   "  (1142 + 3100 BC) = 1958 BC
    Kainan      910   "   "  , dies in (1237 + 3100 BC) = 1863 BC
    Mehalalel   895   "   "  , dies in (1292 +  "  "  ) = 1808 BC
    Yared       962 years old, dies in (1424 + 3100 BC) = 1676 BC
    Lamech      777 years old,   "   " (1653 +  "  "  ) = 1447 BC
    Mesushelach 969 years old, dies in (1658 + 3100 BC) = 1442 BC

The FLOOD will occur about 1450 BC, some 1658 years after the Hebrew record begins.
Mesushelach (Methuselah) died at the time of the Flood with the many others not saved in the ark.

Since humanity was beginning with such a few persons, the intermarriage of brothers and sisters and of cousins would have been highly frequent in the early generations. Until there arose mutated genes in the gene pool, only strangers (?) not regarded as humans could have added new physical characteristics to the band/clan. If this were the case, then the physical similarities of children to their parents should have been quite remarkable - and, with the limited and elementary language development of the era (less than 1,000 words), it would have been easy to simply identify children with their parents, by name.

3,100 B.C.
King Menes of Egypt carried out a vast engineering scheme of diverting the course of the Nile in order to build his capital city of Memphis.

3,100 B.C.
Cats in Sumeria and Egypt, had become highly respected carnivorous mammalians.
Particularly in any human urban areas, the lack of cleanliness abounding after meal eating and the attraction for rodents and other pests present from the storage of grains and other foods - provided encouragement for cats to cohabit with humans. Particularly because most cats are nocturnal hunters which employ stealth, this characteristic made their association with urban and agricultural humanity most advantageous. While the humans were sleeping or resting, the rodents and pests were eating and fouling their grain - and the cats were killing and eating the rodents and pests.

Cats are often misunderstood by humans as having excellent night vision.
Rather, cats have an acute sense of smell and hearing.
From an early age they learn to use their ears like dish antennae scooping up sound waves and then neurologically analyzing the target point. Their hearing capability extends beyond that of humans to include both lower and higher frequencies. As long as the tracked object has a "living" scent and continues to generate a noise either during flight or while resting - a cat can follow, find, and, often capture the prey. A lack of "good" scent will be translated as an inanimate object and will be ignored, unless, the cat is in a playful mood and wishes to practice its skills to perfect its abilities.

Cats use their sight as organs of confirmation once the target is in close range.
The pride of humans in not acknowledging the possibility earlier that cats could "home" in on their prey by a form of triangulation of sounds resulted in many myths being created about the powers of the cat's eyes. In reality, a cat's eyes are one of its weaker senses.

The presence of cats on the Earth has been traced back 40 million years.
They were on the Earth and have prospered for much longer than humanity.
The cat of 10 million years ago has been so well suited to the Earth environment and so efficient with its skills and abilities that it has changed very little in the interim.

There are principally 2 varieties which are differentiated according to their throat construction and the resulting abilities. One variety has the ability to purr; it usually has pupils which are vertical in shape. These are the mountain lion and many smaller cats. The other cannot purr; instead, it roars. Its pupils are normally round in shape and it includes the lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar. Cats are the most highly specialized of the flesh-eating mammals.

Powerfully built and well coordinated, the cat advances with stealth on padded feet with retractile claws.
It is an agile climber and is at ease in trees. Its tongue has a patch of sharp, backward-directed spines near the tip which assist it in lapping up liquids and provides a brushing influence when it is cleaning its fur coat. Its teeth are capable of 3 functions: stabbing, anchoring, and cutting; it is not capable of crushing its foods (necessary for grain eaters). It has a simple, short gut.

Cats evaluate their food by smell and are keen in sight and hearing.
They are often capable of determining the exact location of a prey, hidden from view under grass or other obstruction, by using their hearing senses to determine the location by evaluating both direct and reflected soundwaves. Comparative to other animals, it has a large and well-developed brain.

Relative to humans, the brain of a cat lacks the Neomammalian structure which permits "intellectualization", intensity of emotions, and the tendencies towards competitiveness, hypersexuality, and power which humans express. The "balanced" character of most cats has encouraged many human cultures to try and emulate what has been observed to be very positive traits. The cat has a disposition towards frequent and complete washing and grooming. This serves several functions for the cat. The act of washing places saliva on the fur of the cat which converts sunshine into vitamin D. Cleanliness also limits the development of disease by encouraging the production of touch stimulated hormones which influence relaxation and pleasure feelings for the cat.

A number of "poses" are adopted by the cat for the purpose of rest, sleep, and a seeming meditative or appreciative observation of the surrounding environment. Numerous yoga poses are adaptations of cat stances for human use; yoga does improve the general health of most humans who practice it. Cats rarely express intense emotions such as hatred, vengeance, obsessive possessiveness, power insecurities, paranoiac fear, pride or envy, gluttony or greed, nor compulsive lust-based sexuality - except in the imaginative stories which modern humanity devise.

Cultures which have tended to gain a high degree of social satisfaction and political consensus very early in their formation have tended to revere the characteristics of the cat which suggest spiritual benefits to a humanity concerned over its own tendency towards disharmony and personal anxiety. Adult cats are self-assured, confident, skilled, healthy; they balance work, play, relaxation, and rest with ease. They appear to love and enjoy life, be free of anxieties (except when in the presence of anxious persons), assertive in their communication, and emotionally expressive with their face and eyes. They often learn quickly when their trainer/instructor is consistent.

Cats are not by nature driven by routine.
They hunt and eat when hungry. They rest whenever so motivated.
They follow a behaviour which suggests a great amount of body awareness: selecting and eating specific foods at certain times according to some inner signal. What appears "finicky" to some humans is simply a very sophisticated form of nutritional management, available to most animals though largely not practiced by humans, whereby the hourly changing requirements for certain vitamins and minerals by the body is met by an ever changing diet of protein and herbs.

Cats were one of the sources of example which encouraged the development of a sophisticated form of herbal medicine in the ancient worlds of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, and elsewhere. In the wild, cats have a periodic regimen of eating grasses which influence them to vomit and cleanse their gut. At times, they eat herbs, such as catnip, which have tranquillizing properties. The character of the cat tends to be one of independence, self-sufficiency, balance of activities and enjoyment of life.

For power-hungry humans, many cat traits are disliked or begrudged of the cat and of the society - for they discourage the centralization of power. Cats are self-directed and do not make easy servants, slaves and co-dependents. If you treat a cat with kindness and respect, it will usually return the behaviour. If you treat it with abuse and destructive behaviour, and it has the freedom to do so, it will often leave you knowing that it is better on its own than reliant on a person with such expressions. Human leaders throughout most of recorded history, are more prone to exhibit exaggerated character traits and seek to deceive and manipulate those around them in such a way as to develop similar traits in their followers.

Cat revered societies tend to aggregate power according to the preferences of each individual who participates in the group; and, tend to dissipate when that confidence and sense of communal security decline. Such changes are not always capable of mediation by a leader or by a society which allows itself to become endemically co-dependent. Climatic and ecological changes, invasions by competing political groups, and natural disasters - cannot often be successfully coped with by a culture which continues to respond with a "balance" of activities, as if nothing has happened.

3,100 B.C. -
The Sumerian example also began about 3100 B.C.
A people different from the local inhabitants arrived at an old deserted destroyed townsite, called Uruk, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East. A flood, pestilence or hostile tribe may have destroyed the original town and its inhabitants; the site had been abandoned for some time.

The Sumerians also seemed to get a brilliant concept of writing from somewhere.
The cuneiform markings of ancient Sumeria comprised some 1200 different characters representing numerals, names, and such objects as cloth and cow - which could be traded. The Sumerians developed commercial agreements, and "textbooks" and written histories on thousands of clay tablets dating from near 3000 B.C.

One of the writings states that "after the Flood had swept over the land and kingship descended from heavens, Kish became the seat of kingship". The Sumerians believed that everything they accomplished had its beginnings with Enki, a supreme god of the universe. They held the conviction that true learning was untouchable, because the gods had created all things by divine law.

The "scientists" of Sumer were priests who ascribed all their knowledge to the gods and were very careful not to assume the proud position of an authority ready to teach it to others. The attitude is reminiscent of the spiritual concept of learning held by most sophisticated religions: pray/meditate to the supreme god for guidance and direction in all you want to do; if you are humble and sincere, and if the request serves what God wants for you, God will be gracious and convey the knowledge to you for you to proceed: you still have to make the effort, it isn't a system of magic.

Within this spiritual perspective, the answer to the same question asked by two different people may result in a different response from God, for God may want different things for the two individuals, they may have different levels of skills, et cetera. Codifying the answers to specific questions may be dangerous for mankind in that authority is transferred to the answer from the giver of the answer.

Such codification is revered for science, typically, in our human history, and, humans amass power from the use of such "knowledge". The giver and source of all knowledge (God) is forgotten about. Human authority structures enlarge to uncontrollable sizes and then collapse for one of numerous reasons.

More relevant is an optimum combination of codifying knowledge with the implicit understanding that such codifications are theories capable of change, and that many questions are best served with individualized answers which acknowledge quality, feeling, and spirituality in addition to the security and safety of quantity, power, and materialism.

The Sumerians were farmers, engineers, architects, sculptors, teachers, doctors, astronomers. The time units used today on clocks and watches were first used by the Sumerians, whose water clocks divided the minute into 60 seconds and the hour into sixty minutes. These ancient mathematicians used arithmetic and the decimal system, multiplication tables, fractions and division.

Mathematical problems and tables were transcribed onto clay tablets and included cube and square roots as well as the areas of rectangles and squares. Sumerians used a calendar and studied the star patterns and locations to gauge when to till the fields, plant the grains, and harvest. Their numerical system divided the day into 24 hours, each having 60 minutes, further reduced to 60 seconds each. Their circle was divided into 360 degrees. Every phase of economic and agricultural production was directed by the priest-scientists, who firmly gave the credit for their interpretations to the divine source who had provided the patterns for them in the heavens, and who presumably had the power to change those patterns.

Sumero-Babylonian astronomers referred to a region in the sky as the "abode of the demon bird Marduk," or, alternatively, the "open-jawed dragon." In the 1900s, this region of the universe would be labelled Cygnus X-1 in the constellation Cygnus. In late 1900s astronomical theory, core centres of exploded and collapsed stars would develop such density through their gravitational pull that they would attract and "swallow" all other matter, even light, within their surroundings: black holes. During the 1980s, modern researchers would conjecture that Cygnus X-1 might be one such location for this phenomenon.

Berossus, a Babylonian astronomer and historian, was familiar with the "Great Year," the count of the precession of the equinox, the total time for the passing of each of the zodiacal star signs through the skies of Earth - in other words the solar years elapsed before the Earth arrives back in the part of space that it was in at the beginning of each zodiacal revolution - a total of 25,826.6 years. Relative to modern (1990) calculations, the Babylonian figure missed the modern total by .4 years. The Sumerians were the first in modern records to name the sectors of the zodiac (Greek: "animal circle"), which they called "the shiny herd." The Babylonians had a legend concerning the planet Uranus and its moons which were not visible to the naked eye. With the European invention of the telescope, this relationship was proven correct over 4500 years later. There are other similar findings.

The Sumerians used the concept of zero, as did the Hindus, a concept which Europeans would not begin to use for another 3300 years. They were able to make mathematical calculations of 15 digits, while other civilizations had difficulty with numbers larger than 1000, and where some were still using numbers as small as 40 to relate the concept of "a huge amount." The Babylonians used a system of 12 by which to count and units of 60. Modern humanity has adopted these norms in its use of dozens, inches, feet, seconds, minutes, hours, and the degrees of a circle.

Sumerian engineers built irrigation canals to water the desert land.
Since there was little stone available, and the surrounding grassland afforded few forests, they molded the river clay and baked bricks for building materials. From the same clay they made pots, jars, and even agricultural tools. They invented the wheel and used it for pottery, for wagons, and for military chariots. As architects, they used the arch, dome, cone and cylinder.

The Sumerians devised a simple plough still in use today and contributed to sailboat design.
They worked with bronze and copper, when available, producing copper tools and decorations. As their populations grew, city-states organized as if they were just waiting for the opportunity. Names were quite unlike those of the Babylonians who were common in the area before them. Their textbook sets of clay tablets were organized into the subjects of mathematics, biology, astrology, farming and economics. Their knowledge of natural science was shown in lists of trees, birds, and insects - enumerated in their modern classifications.

Bronze appeared in both Sumeria and Egypt about this time and there are few artifacts which suggest any degree of experimentation before the formula of 9/10ths copper and 1/10th tin was discovered. To combine copper, which came from the Sinai, Crete, Cyprus, Spain, Portugal, or other parts of the Mediterranean, with rare tin from Etruria, Gaul, Spain, Cornwall, and Bohemia, it would have been necessary to have organized transport, skilled labour, and furnaces capable of temperatures well over 1,000 degrees C. Strong and durable, the hard metal, bronze, appeared to spread widely in use quickly. Bronze artifacts found throughout Europe share a close similarity of design. Copper had been mined in Mesopotamia from about 3100 B.C.

Sumerian medicine was also very advanced for a people who just happened by from nowhere.
There were no magical incantations here. Surgeons used knives, lancets, and forceps (we only "invented" forceps in the last century), and made cuts through the skull bone to relieve pressure or do brain operations. Prescriptions were written out in detail in large easy to read careful instructions noting the ingredients, the order and method of preparing them, how and when to apply them, how to make them more palatable, when to change them. Minerals used were mostly salt or saltpetre; some prescriptions were boiled, others were filtered or pulverized.

The largest number of ingredients came from plants: cassia, myrtle, and thyme. The seeds, roots, and bark of trees such as the willow (aspirin), pear, fig, and date palm were made into powder, then mixed with wine, beer, or plant oils. Garlic was used as an antiseptic to treat wounds, clear the skin, and get rid of abscesses, boils and ulcers. Almost every prescription directs that the sick spot be "washed" or "scrubbed" before application. Our "modern" civilization has managed to learn that in the past 100 years - 5,000 years after the Sumerians!

In the Jewish-Christian Old Testament, both Biblical specialists and anthropological researchers estimate the Adam and Eve original humans story to have been written, that is, for the content of the story to have taken place, about the year 3100 B.C. Originally, the Sumerians had a trinity of Gods: Enlil, Anu, and Enki. The Semitic Canaanites are known to have invaded the Empire after 2000 B.C.

Here we have two examples of civilizations which suddenly started in separate locations at the same time, each with a high degree of technological ability, sophisticated religion, medical, astronomical and numerical ability and the concept of writing and state government. Their gods emphasized the spiritual side of life and their "kingship", mentors, or originators - had descended from the heavens. We have only developed many of these capabilities in the past century. Could there be something more to these occurrences? The BLONDs had arrived from their base on Mars.