BACK to PEAR
INDEX

3,000 B.C.
Shortly before the Thinnis Period (Dynasties I-II) in Egypt ("the gift of the Nile"), in the fertile valley of the Nile ("the black earth"), the physiology of homo sapiens was altered. In attempting to crossbreed with humans, BLONDS introduced, unintentionally, a virus into the human population resulting in a change in the genetic code. This changed mankind dramatically from sharing similarities with other earth animals by removing from humans the natural ability to synthesize Vitamin C in their bodies. This former ability had maintained a relatively small and self-sustaining population by providing a form of birth control.

Ascorbic acid is produced enzymatically from glucose (a derivative of carbohydrates) in both plants and most animals. It is produced in comparatively large amounts in the simplest plants and the most complex; it is synthesized in the most primative animal species as well as in the most highly organized. ... probably arose from the need of these primative organisms to capture electrons from an environment with very low levels of oxygen. ... also triggered the development of the photosynthetic process ... increase in plant life, with its use of sunlight to produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere ... over ... a billion years ... (produced an) oxygen supply .... In the upper reaches of the atmosphere, oxygen is changed by radiation into ozone, which is a more reactive form of oxygen ... removes deadly (levels) of ultraviolet rays. (Only bacteria do not require ascorbic acid for life on Earth.)

In nearly all the mammals, ascorbic acid is manufactured in the liver from the blood sugar, glucose. The conversion proceeds stepwise, each step being controlled by a different enzyme. ... The mutation ... (that modified humans) destroyed the capability to manufacture the last enzyme in the series L-gulonolactone oxidase. ...

This was a serious mutation because organisms without ascorbic acid do not last very long. ... the amount of ascorbic acid for mere survival is low .... Only 2 other non-primate mammals have suffered a similar mutation and have survived ... guinea pig ... in warm lush forests of New Guinea ... and a fruit-eating bat (Pteropus medius) from India. The only other vertebrates that are known to harbour this defective gene are certain passeriforme birds. ... A guinea pig ... will die a horrible death within 2 weeks if deprived of ascorbic acid in its diet.

Glaciers covered most of Europe about 50,000 years ago.
The name "Eskimo" comes from the Cree Indian work "uskipoo," meaning "he eats raw meat." ... eaten in winter for vitamin C ... (only) sprouted seeds ... have relatively large amounts of vitamin C.

As (humans) have spread over the Earth and increased in number, the supplies of ascorbic acid have decreased (together with the rainforest ecology and associated tropical climate). It is possible that most people in the world (in 1972) receive only 1 or 2% of the amounts of ascorbic acid that would keep them in the best of health. Irwin Stone has refered to this condition of deficient ascorbic acid intake as hyperascorbemia. Transient side effects of this condition include diarrhea and rashes in a few persons, mostly as indications of an already parasite infested body attempting to cleanse itself. Any form of biochemical stress or physical trauma results in a drop of conserved levels.

Low levels of vitamin C plus emotional negative stresses (anxiety, abandonment, paranoia, fear, envy, greed, lust, pride, obsession, rage, hate, revenge, possessiveness, ...) and/or negative physical stresses (accidents, assaults, parasite or virus or bacteria exposure, chills or overheating, physical exhaustion, starvation, gluttony, tobacco smoke, air pollution, exposure to heavy metals, ionizing radiations, lack of sunshine, lack of regular exercise, exposure to toxic chemicals and compounds, ...) all contribute to an increased susceptibility to illnesses ranging in their debilitating effects from a common cold to the most virulent cancer.

The behavioural influences on humans include mental illness, aging, arthritic discomfort, chronic pains, depression, allergic symptomology, decreased organ function and failure, hyperactivity, relative work obsession, destructive actions arising from intense emotions, sexual addiction, ... The quantity of bacteria absorbed by white blood cells is also proportionate to the ascorbic acid content of the blood. Thus, low levels promote a greater and more intensive frequency of disease in humans. Ascorbic acid is lethal to some cancer cells. Cancers are illness which consume cells and reduce the presence of life.

Reproduction expands the presence of life by creating multiple similar beings from one or two original contributors. In most Earthly forms of life, attraction is required to initiate this process and factors mediating this attraction are variously refered to as sexual desire or need. Sexual desire, like in many other animals, was seasonal, becoming active only at the most stressful time of the year when vitamin C requirements were increased: drought, dramatic change in weather temperature, excessive exertion whether physical, emotional or spiritual. The similar influence is only available today to those who are complete vegetarians and/or practice a form of dominant true spirituality.

There are hormones in many plants, especially spices, also regarded as aphrodisiacs, capable of unbalancing the physical system, increasing one's sensitivities and encouraging sexual activity. There are also many chemicals, drugs and herbs which can reduce the fertility of the male or female including pollution, tobacco smoke, alcohol. Finally, there are viruses (aids, cancer), drugs (marijuana), and trauma (emotional shock) which can alter gene composition. The later is known to energy balancing therapists in the demonstration of allergies and sensitivities. Medical science will not likely acknowledge this before the year 2000.

This bioengineered change produced a longer duration in infant development, a period during which brain tissue and complexity grow at an explosive rate relative to other periods in the human life cycle. A further development of the pituitary gland, located in the centre of the human brain, and a source of hormonal activation for many other human endocrine glands, provided an intensification of hormone mediated human activities and capabilities. Memory increased in its longer-term capabilities. This, together with an intensification of emotional experience extended the human capability of anger to hate, of frustration to vengeance, of sensual appreciation to lust, of respect to envy, of playful delight in achievement to pride, of tiredness to sloth, of desire to possessiveness. These would, in time, extend into further complex combinations of feelings such as greed, gluttony, and vice.

Humans had now become Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde characters capable of demonstrating both constructive "balanced" emotions and destructive "intense" emotions. Further outcomes of this change would provide humanity with a greater capacity for individuals to add to their character trauma-induced energy blocks which would make the responses of individuals more automatic to certain stimuli and more compulsive. [Energy blocks are described in an appendix] In addition, a greater preoccupation with visual stimuli (rather than sensual), and with analytical decision-making (rather than intuitive or "meditative") would develop and permit a greater use of technology and authoritative-based power.

With the inability to be self-sufficient in ascorbic acid production and with environmental sources making acquisition of ideal quantities more difficult, major modifications in human lifestyles would occur or be intensified:

A. Increased rates of aging;
B. Increased rates and intensity of illness;
C. Increased intensity of emotional expression;
D. Increased inclination for energy expenditure (activity);
E. Increased sexual fertility and interest.

The change from pre-historic human to historic human would be chronicled from the point-of-view of the hypoascorbemic human and the culture that would develop. The most fundamental change would be that from a pro-spiritual entity to that of a pro-materialistic entity. The achievements of the former would be misunderstood, denied, belittled and grieved by a humanity which now would continually be focused on survival, rather than on a joy in living. Part of the newly introduced sources of hardship and opportunity would include the introduction of an acute illness arising from the loss of even a life-sustaining level of ascorbic acid in the human body.

In the earliest medical writings, the symptoms of acute ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy, have been recorded. These include:

01 desire for sleep;
02 loss of vigour and stamina;
03 weakness to the point of exhaustion;
04 complexion becomes pale, sallow, muddy;
05 fleeting pains develop in the joints and limbs;
06 the breath becomes foul from increased oral bacteria;
07 gums become sore, congested, and bleed easily;
08 gums swell to increasingly cover the teeth;
09 the eyelids become dark reflecting liver toxicity;
10 reddish spots (small hemorrhages) appear under the skin;
11 palpitations of the heart and irregular rhythms begin;
12 pains in one's limbs increase until they are crippling;
13 teeth become loose and may fall out, abcess, or die;
14 bones become brittle and joints thin;
15 increase in breathlessness, anxiety, frustration, anger;
16 decrease in ability to concentrate, reflect, plan;
17 old wounds and scars begin to break open;
18 susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections rises;
19 nosebleeds, brittle bones and grating bones evidence;
20 the jawbone begins to rot and infections may go to brain;
21 hemorrhages begin into any part of the body, blood in urine;
22 secondary infections develop into pneumonia;
23 death.

Scurvy and acute vitamin C deficiency would not be well understood and generally remedied until after 1940. Hypoascorbemia would not be described in detail until 1972 and would not be well understood until the 1980s - and would not be widely appreciated until the late 1990s! In the meantime, tens of thousands of humans would die slow, painful, debilitating deaths. Millions would needlessly incur many and multiple illness. Tens of millions would develop chronic illnesses and live frustrating lives. Hundreds of millions of people would live shorter, more intense, more destructive, more depressing lives than was necessary. Technology and science were not required to determine individual optimum requirements.

Constructive meditation and health balancing skills used by "primitive" band participants and codified by the Chinese, Egyptians, and "Atlanteans" were all capable of providing the guidance required to negate the above noted destructive influences and results. Choices.

3,000 B.C.
Vitamin C dependency and Viral attraction.
Viral diseases would have become more devastating to human populations from this time until well into the 1900s. Some of these would include measles (red), Rubella (German measles), chickenpox (varicella), mumps (epidemic parotitis), poliomyelitis, encephalitis, dengue fever, hemorrhagic fevers, rabies, yellow fever, influenza, scarlet fever, typhus fevers. Increased population size and density together with greater incidence of itinerant business travellers, explorers and troops would increase the degree of geographic and numerical incidence of these and similar diseases.

Measles is an acute systemic viral infection spread by inhalation of infective droplets and thus it is very contagious. 10 to 14 days after exposure, symptoms develop which include fever, nasal obstruction, sneezing, sore throat, and particularly, a brick-red rash over much of the body. The tonsils may gain yellowish spots and the tongue becomes coated in the middle with the tip and margins becoming a darker red than normal. The rash usually appears and intensifies on the face first. In populations with no prior exposure, the fatality rate may be high with the general symptoms progressing into a higher fever, vomiting, convulsions, coma, encephalitis, degenerative secondary diseases of the brain and lungs, and, death. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, some Brazilian aboriginal bands were infected with the result of almost total mortality.

Ruebella is similar to regular measles in that it is very contagious and is also spread through the air. Ruebella is deceptive in that its obvious symptoms of fever and general weakness and discomfort are indicative of the influence of many viral infections. Joint pain may occur in a minority of cases. A fine, pink rash appears first on the face, rapidly spreads over the body, and fades quickly. Pregnant women illustrate the most devastating effects of the virus which attacks the foetus to a greater degree than many other viruses. While babies may appear healthy when born, the potential for the development of growth retardation, cataracts, deafness, congenital heart defects, organ enlargement and many other results is high.

Ruebella is evident for only 3 to 4 days, while measles may last for longer than 7 days.
Until well into the 1900s, the arrival of "genetic" defectiveness well after the illness had been recovered from often led to the assumption that the child was "evil", influenced by evil spirits, was a blight on the race, was "weak." Consequently, incidents of social abuse directed at children surviving the infection of their mother were frequent and could be physically, emotionally and spiritually destructive.

Chickenpox (varicella) is a human herpesvirus spread either through the air by infective droplets or by contact with the pus discharges. Symptoms often begin 14 to 20 days after exposure. Just before a rash appears the infected person feels ill and develops a fever. Tiny cracks in near surface skin blood vessels develop into ulcers which quickly become pussy and then develop a scab. New lesions may continue to form for 1 to 5 days and the scabs will fall away after 7 to 14 days. During healing, the scabs can become very itchy and the infected person is thus normally encouraged to scratch them away with the danger of further spread and infection by other virus or by bacteria. This may also leave permanent scaring. Secondary infections may develop and lead to pneumonia, encephalitis, and, death. There are several closely related viral diseases.

Smallpox (variola) is a highly contagious viral illness with a higher fatality rate than either of the above. Characterized by severe headache, fever, weakness, and a circular rash which develops into pustules, it would be believed to be eradicated from Earth populations in 1979. Prior to that year, it would be responsible for numerous epidemics resulting in the loss of millions of lives.

Mumps (epidemic parotitis) is a viral disease spread by respiratory droplets that usually produce inflammation of the salivary glands to the side of the neck. the incubation period ranges between 14 and 21 days with maximal swelling being reached soon afterwards and lasting 3 or 4 days. Infection may spread to other organs and headaches, lower abdominal tenderness, ovarian enlargement, testicular swelling and tenderness, neck stiffness, meningitis, cerebral edema, deafness, neurological destruction and death. Pain and swelling may occur on either or both sides of the neck and if acquired only on one side, reinfection on the other side at some later date is quite possible. As is the finding with many viruses, exposure and defeat of the disease usually confers lifetime immunity aganist further infections. Early human historical exposure and early cultural exposure of this and many of the above usually results in more severe symptoms being experienced as reflected in higher mortality rates.

Poliomyelitis, unlike many of the above, has no rash symptom and is evidenced by a sore throat.
Muscle weakness, headache, stiff neck, fever nausea and vomiting are other general symptoms to which weakened deep tendon reflexes, muscle wasting and a form of flaccid paralysis in which the desire and attempt to activate a muscle are unsuccessful - are often added. While the disease can be acquired by the respiratory droplet route (from contaminated air) it can also be injested on foodstuffs which have become contaminated by airborne droplets. Diarrhea or constipation can also become present and symptoms of nonparalytic polio extend to include abdominal paim, irritability and muscle spasms in neck, back, and leg extensor muscles.

Paralytic polio is the most destructive with tremors, muscle weakness, constipation, and loss of nerve function either to the muscles controlled by spinal nerves, or, to regional muscles affecting face, swallowing, chewing, upper back, and/or respiratory functions. Progressive failure of respiratory activity results in weakness, shallow breathing, cyanosis (bluing of the skin and tissues), coma, and death. Even if the infected person survives, regional loss of nerve and muscular function, deformity, urinary tract infections, pneumonia and other secondary illnesses may often make death an apparent advantage.

Encephalitis is an "arbovirus", that is, it is acquired by humans from arthropods such as mosquitoes, birds (including chickens), horses, small mammals, and small rodents. Often, there are regional strains which appear to have mutated to enable their transfer from non-humans to humans. Encephalitis can occur as a secondary infection to many other viral diseases, or, as a mutation of such viruses. Varieties also derive from head injuries, brain tumors, brain abscesses, and certain kinds of poisoning. In addition to other common viral symptoms such as fever, not feeling well, nausea, and vomiting - stiff neck, sore throat, and a progression to stupor, coma and convulsions may be complicated by bronchial pneumonia, urinary retention and infection, parkinsonism, epilepsy, and ulcers. The reduction of intracranial pressure is one aspect of treatment which was practiced by primitive surgical methods dating back to this period. Maintaining an adequate oxygen supply and nutrition are more technical and more modern aspects of treatment. Encephalitis can always be regarded as potentially fatal.

Dengue (or Breakbone, or Dandy) Fever, is also transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, and, usually only in tropical or semi-tropical regions during warmer weather. Unlike many other viral infections, its symptoms tend to come and go over a period of days which may disrupt or delay its treatment. While not usually fatal, symptoms of depression and weakness may continue for some time after the major indicators leave. Initially, the infected person gets a sudden high fever, chilliness, and severe aching of the head, back and extremities, accompanied by sore throat, weakness and depression. The eyes may become red and flushed and red blotches may appear on the skin as evidence of skin blood vessel hemorrhaging. After 3 to 4 days, the symptoms often subside for a period of from several hours to several days. During this period of apparent remission, a rash appears on the back of the hands and feet and spreads to the arms, legs, trunk, and neck. Gastrointestinal and other internal hemorrhages often occur and result in bleeding from one or more of the body openings. If too much blood is lost, shock may occur. Pneumonia and other secondary illnesses may also be contracted at such times, and, if these and/or shock remain unchecked death is a possibility.

Hemorrhagic fevers comprise a diverse group of illnesses resulting from viral infections which produce a common set of symptoms: high fever, bleeding from the nose, intestinal tract, genitorurinary tract and most other body openings such that shock from blood lose and death are distinct possibilities. Some of the infections are highly transmissible to close contacts and mortality rates of 50% to 80% are common. Some may be acquired by humans from ticks, mosquitoes, rodents, monkeys, while others have an unknown origin. Dengue, Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Machupo, Chikungunya and numerous other varieties will be classified as hemorrhagic. It is common for the virus to attack almost any form of human tissue excepting bone and reduce the cells to a liquid mass by invading them and multiplying until the cell becomes so packed that the cell wall breaks. With the high mortality rate and the usually remote geographic regions in which outbreaks occur, transmission beyond the original locale seldom occurs.

The Rabies virus has a quite different method of transmission.
Infected persons are usually those which have been bitten by dogs, cats, skunks, foxes and similar animals.
The virus may also be transfered through a scratch or, in a few cases by breathing the air contaminated by infected bats. At the time of infection, the infected animal is usually alternating between moods of rage and calm, has a thick and copious saliva, and may have convulsions or paralysis. The disease would almost always be fatal until the middle of the 1900s.

In Rabies, a virus moves through the body in the nervous system, not the bloodstream.
Therefore, the immune system is unable to influence its progression. Also, the disease cannot be detected during incubation. By the time the symptoms appear, from a month to 2 years after infection, it is too late for any form of treatment. Pain and tingling will develop at the site of the bite and the skin in the region will become so sensitive that even air currents will induce pain. Attempts at drinking will become so painful that despite thirst the infected animal refuses to drink. Surface nerve endings can become so sensitive that blowing on the back of the neck will often induce a convulsive response. This high sensitivity and pain of the nerves explains the excitability, irritability, expression of rage until exhausted, and calm. It also explains why wild animals which usually give a wide distance to huams and other preditors may uncharacteristically allow such potential foes to approach them and then attack them. Once the virus reaches the brain, death is certain.

Yellow fever is a viral infection which is also spread by mosquitoes and while it is more often endemic (most people acquire it) in tropical regions, epidemics have frequently spread far into temperature regions. The mosquito acts as a transfer agent between an infected human and a healthy human. It bites an infected human, becomes infected, and transfers the infection to the next human it bites. Incubation periods in humans range from 3 to 6 days. Fast progressing, death may occur by the 6th to 9th day, or the person may recover by the 8th or 9th day.

Apparent changes in severity may be sudden and symtoms of hiccup or copious black vomit are not positive. More average and less severe symptoms include a general feeling of discomfort, headache, fever, pain behind the eyes, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity of the lights to light. More severe symptoms include severe pains throughout the body, bloodshoot eyes, exhaustion, body temperature variations, jaundice (a yellowing of the skin) and hemorrhages under the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, nose, and mouth. Common treatment options include a liquid diet of high-carbohydrate and high-protein ingredients with pain relievers and enemas.

Influenza is one family of viruses which appears frequently, spreads through the air into the respiratory system, is contagious enough to usually result in an epidemic and only results in death when persons with heart disease or weakened immune systems become infected. Symptoms usually start abruptly in response to the virus killing the surface cells in the respiratory system. Fever develops, with chills, a general feeling of discomfort, muscular aching, lower chest soreness, headache, nasal stuffiness, cough, sore throat, flushed face, eye redness, and nausea. The fever may last 1 to 7 days after which continued illness may be an indication of a secondary infection - one that may be bacterial in origin. It is this latter complication which can result in pneumonia, acute sinusitis, bronchitis and other illnesses. Rest and the use of relaxants provide the greatest benefit.

In modern (1900s) times, influenza would be used to describe several widely fatal epidemics for political reasons. These reasons would encourage knowledgeable authorities to lie and the outcome would be that the majority of humanity would be ignorant of the true events and copious reference materials would continue to perpetuate the lies justified by the apparent support of scientific and social authorities. This disinformation would encourage the general populace of some countries to be unreasonably anxious and fearful of the potential of true flu epidemics and motivate them to demand antibiotic treatment (which is only useful against bacterium). This dynamic, followed for decades, would result in immuno-compromised masses of persons with an increasing frequency of chronic illness, AND, the mutation of bacterial strains into antibiotic-resistant new and stronger strains.

Scarlet Fever is a short-term viral illness lasting little longer than 1 or 2 days.
During that period, the infected person would feel generally in poor health, have a fever, sore throat, be vomiting, and, develop generalized red pointed skin eruptions on the neck, groin, in skinfolds, and on the hands and feet. The tonsils may become infected and release pus and the tongue usually turns a bright red and is sensitive. This fever is more disruptive than dangerous.

Typhus diseases (rickettsioses) will not be discussed here at any length because for many centuries they were mistakenly believed to be similar in origin to the above viral infections. While the sysptoms are those of a general feeling of sickness, headache, abrupt chills and fever - they are actually the result of parasitic bacteria in fleas, louse, mites, ticks, rodents, dogs, and cattle. Human infection arises when any of the foregoing bite the human, or the human comes into contact with feces from the hosts either directly, or, through contaminated water or foodstuffs exposed to host feces. As the human population would become larger, more dense, and more militarily aggressive - it is not surprising that this type of illness would predominate regions experiencing famine or war.

To live in a dense and politically aggressive culture at this time would be to experience a devastating viral epidemic sweeping the countryside perhaps once in your lifetime. If you were unlucky, and more persons would become so as history extended forward, you would have heard stories in your youth about the horrors, the death, and the hardship which attended and followed one or more previous epidemics. These could not be prepared for. There was no sense of being able to directly cope with the debilitating symptoms and the slow agonizing death of many viral diseases. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tidal waves, violent storms - all of these presented physical dangers which humans could see, retreat from, and work directly to reduce the damage or repair the devastation. Deaths resulting from these "natural" disasters were generally quick and dramatic and could often be perceived of as accidental. Not so for epidemic diseases. These were sinister - they came without warning, out of the air - from spirits, - from evil spirits, or, as a judgement against evil people.

To a visiting lifeform, unfamiliar with the biogenetic history of humanity and the inability to predict the biological influence of their lifeform coming into close contact with resident Earth complex lifeforms - the result would not become evident to an observer for several generations. The BLONDS were perhaps naieve in their assumption of biological similarity because of physical familiarity. Their error would be a result of overconfidence, assumption, and, an insufficiently developed degree of spiritual ability and decisionmaking. In 5,000 years, almost all humans would be spiritually developed to the level of the BLONDs 25,000 years BEFORE today!

3,000 B.C.
Helping humans into a food industry.
The BLONDs believed that the introduction of the concepts of more efficient agriculture and domestication would enable a more balanced and peaceful civilization in the longer-term; an enhanced opportunity for humans to use their "spare" time to rebuild and regain their spiritual skills - perhaps even to extend them. The Pleiadians had earlier introduced the practice of collecting wild grains, clearing soil areas, and broadcasting grains by hand to sow crops. Humans had innovated to the point of using a sowing stick to draw furrows in the soil for more efficient planting.

In farming, the BLONDs demonstrated that by using a much larger "drawing stick" more soil could be turned over and broken up resulting in the addition of more humus to the soil and increasing its fertility by 1000%. These large twisted boughs, that is, ploughs, required considerable energy to push or pull them through the soil and while humans had experimented with larger pieces of deadwood, the force required for their use would have resulted in the individuals completely discarding the concept as impossible except for the emotional changes which had occurred and would now encourage organizational changes.

Farming and herding had proven its particular benefit to human females: a greater sense of security was provided. As the child bearers and the breastfeeders of the human species, frequent changes of "home" and erratic supplies of food and clothing resources could become a constant source of anxiety and frustration; something a lustful male did not want. "Settling" in a location for a longer period of time enabled more sedentary skills to be developed such as basketweaving, pottery, bread making, and the use of ovens and forges.

Increasing population and a drying climate forced human groups into less and less "heavenly" environments of abundance relative to earlier hunting and gathering: out of the jungles and onto the plains. The increased production of grains and the ready availability of dairy products, hides and meat would result in a more consistent level of nutrition on the plains and open valleys and a lowered necessity for the men to leave the camp for hours or days for hunting and gathering.

A change from a diet centred on fruits, nuts, vegetation, dairy products, meat and some grains - to one dominated by grains, together with the alteration in Vitamin C metabolism, resulted in higher fertility and survival rates as well as generally greater physical strength and the capacity for more intense emotions. Unplanned for by the BLONDs, the latter proved addictive in humans. Once the intense pleasure of satisfied lust was experienced, humans could easily be deceived and manipulated by suggestions of further experiences.

The possessive attachments of human addictive emotions expanded through misunderstandings and egotistical irresponsibility to lead to expressions of greed, envy, pride, ... and hate. What at first was seen to be an attractive change of lifestyle became the source of much of humanity's future discord. Who "owned" what and who? Who "controlled" what and who? To the earlier hunting and gathering societies, these questions never required an answer: God owned all; God controlled all.

With humanity now increasingly taking possession and control over territory, personally significant articles, stores of food and goods, spouses, children, ... - the sanction of control over and ownership of animals was accepted. The benefit of a surplus or wealth being derived from such practices encouraged respect for and reliance on such practices. Humans, with their new found intensity of emotional expression learned that they could restrain and "break the spirit" of, or, "domesticate" animals which were more powerful than they. But now, humans had less respect for the animals they "owned" and they had more intense desires which allowed them to use their greed and anger to coerce and torture animals into becoming beasts of labour.

It was a small additional change to recognize that the dirt-digging bough, that is, plough, introduced with the concept that groups of humans push or pull it for their mutual benefit, could be pulled by whipped, harnessed, strong non-animals. The extension of animal husbandry to the use of the plough in agriculture occurred almost simultaneously in 5 different widely separated parts of the Earth peopled by different types of humans: northern India, Syria, Egypt, China, and Central America.

Surplus foodstuffs and land use would promote the human perceptions of wealth and possessiveness.
Crude political organizations called tribes would extend the earlier band organization to include a dominant leader, with whom a portion of one's individual wealth was shared. With abundance in food supply, the birth rate would rise and population density would increase: potential for discord would increase also.

3,000 B.C.
From Superstious fear to Social Pride.
About 3000 B.C., the "Pyramid Texts" were already speaking with authority of the constitution of man, his survival of death, and his relation to the life of the cosmos. Much later, this awareness was passed on to the Jews by Moses who "was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians" (Acts 7:22), included in the Pentateuch of the Old Testament, and reinforced by the teachings of Jesus Christ. Very little writing or reading was done or known at the beginning of this period lending the transfer of the information to one of often being phrased in stories wherein allegories and metaphors often described abstract principles.

The BLONDS wanted the capability to populate the Earth and reproduce here.
Their original planet is in a system which is cooling so they were seeking a location where some of their people could go. They had started mating, intermingling and providing cultural change to humanity at a time when much of civilization was of largely band (small group) structure.

Beginning about 3100 B.C., the cultures of the Egyptians and the Sumerians started making great leaps forward in terms of use of technology and political power. Between 3400 to 2800 B.C. Egypt underwent radical change and development while nearby Lower Nubia was slow and uneven in its technology development. A complex society or civilization began to emerge around 3100 B.C. with the central concept of divine kingship. Aztecs, Incas and Sumerians also experienced sudden changes and the development of complex societies based on a concept of divine kingship AFTER they were visited by a god from the sky which brought them technology and often was described as having golden hair and light skin. Intermarriage between BLONDS and humans need not have been much in evidence after 10 generations because light colours of skin and hair are recessive genes, tending not to dominate in the offspring. Human sacrifice is suggested as a practice in the Egyptian graves of 3300-3100 B.C. but not thereafter.

Writing and the use of hieroglyph appeared suddenly and came into vogue after 3100 B.C. increasing the acquisition of power and the possession and trade of goods. Gold became the colour of preference. The metal gold is also one of the easiest metals to work with. More recognition was suddenly given to the spirit, which lived on as long as one's name remained in writing, while the obsession with preserving the body for the afterlife diminished. A strong belief in burying all of one's surplus goods with one in the grave turned to a redistribution of one's surplus at death.

Some element of "foreign influence" became noticeable around 3100 B.C. in Egypt with new styles of painted pottery, new knife designs, more use of copper, gold and silver, more sophisticated stone vase shapes and designs than ever before. Sophisticated forms of medical and philosophical knowledge suddenly appeared similar to those developed in China, at a time when travel and communication between the two were impossible. The use of spoons for eating came into use; Europeans would still be eating with fingers and knives alone until the latter part of the 1500's.

The construction of the pyramids provides an example of a technology which as of 1994 has not been duplicated. Most of the stones which make up the Pyramid of Cheops weigh 15-100 tons and they have been fitted to within a hundredth of an inch. Construction prospects in the late 1970's by "modern" technological societies allowed that soft limestone blocks weighing a hundredth as much as the Egyptian ones could be fitted no closer than a tenth of an inch. Some blocks weighed as much as 600 tons and were carved to be slightly convex on one some of their sides, so that they would fit into the concave sides of other blocks and form an unshakably solid structure. Without some form of levitation or anti-gravity device, placement of the stones could not have been done without chipping or scrapping them. No such marks have been found.

Many references have been made to the use of levitation in the Egyptian temples. Pliny wrote that the architect Dinocrates undertook the construction of a lodestone (naturally magnetic) ceiling in the Temple of Arsinoe, so that objects could be shown suspended in the air. In the Great Temple of Serapis, near Alexandra, Tyrannius Rufinus , a fourth century monk personally witnessed a metal disk representing the sun being made to rise and fall. Lucian also writes of having seen Syrian priests publicly make an idol rise and hang in the air. Cassiodorus writes of an iron Cupid that remained suspended in the Temple of Diana. A true priest in Egypt was recognized by his ability to rise into the air at will. As late as the 1600s, Father Leurechon described the levitation of objects adding: "There is no easier way to create astonishment than to show a large mass of iron suspended in the middle of a building, without anything touching it but air."

In the pyramid Chamber of the King, the ceiling is formed of red granite blocks weighing 75 tons each. We have no knowledge of how the stones were cut, squared, or placed. In 1994, it was discovered that a "harbour" had been constructed at each of the three large Egyptian pyramid sites; only one had been found earlier.

The Egyptian state was protected from invasion on 3 sides by deserts.
Their empire provides an instance in which human history demonstrates that at a particular time the culture made extreme advances, and then stayed still for 3,000 years. It has been characterized as following a path of extreme resistance to change; of following the rule: "If it works, don't fix it"; of demonstrating that humanity is essentially uncreative, unless stimulated by reverence, love or hatred. It was stimulated by its reverence for the wonders of the "space-gods" to adopt agriculture and abandon the ways of nomadic clans.

Working together and using agriculture provided a surplus economy for over 2500 years in which the spiritual appreciation of the people for the "gifts" of the "gods" encouraged them to volunteer part of their surplus time to assist in the building of huge "artistic and engineeringly perfect" structures (the pyramids). Recognition that the "gods" had come to the Earth, provided beneficial guidance, and then returned into the heavens forever - could only be understood as the meaning of life. To the Egyptian, life was an opportunity to prepare for death; at death, your spirit entered the surrounding world of spirits and became immortal. If all of your ancestors' spirits are accompanying you everywhere, always, - what greater strength of conscience would be possible? In human reality, as humanity increased in density elsewhere and pressed aggressively into Egypt, the newcomers were only interested in material benefit, and, sometimes, the following of their own personalized "gods" from the stars.

3,000 B.C.
Riches attract greed, fear, frustration, violence: War.
Sirius, the home of the GRAYs, was revered as the " Nile Star", or "Star of Isis", by the ancient Egyptians; its annual appearance just before the summer solstice signalled the approaching rise of the Nile River water level, which would allow for the flood irrigating of the riverside soils and provide the opportunity for water to be trapped in cisterns and behind dikes for later use in the season. Egyptian agriculture and all human life in the Nile valley depended on these activities.

In about 3000 B.C., the heliacal rising of Sirius occurred about June 25, and is referred to in many temple inscriptions where the star is called the "Divine Serpent" and is identified with the soul of Isis. The Egyptian temple of Isis-Hathor, built about 200 B.C., was constructed to face the rising of Sirius. Two other temples at Karnak, dating from 1500-1450 B.C. were similarly positioned.

Human societies which would become warring in nature or otherwise challenged, would ease the anxiety of their plight and the trauma of their failures by using superstitious thinking to associate this and other stars to the events. In the future, the decision to enter a battle, or, prepare for a natural disaster, might be determined by the position of this or another star. In the coming days of Greek and Roman expansion by military force, the position of the star Sirius would be used to rationalize the bringing forth of fever in men and madness in dogs. Battles were sometimes considered to have been lost because of the influence of the star Sirius. The position of Sirius, in some locations, does nothing more than indicate the time of the year when the Sun's heat is the greatest.

It is important that the reader know the significance of war on the condition of humanity at this time.
Professional soldiers were now a part of every empire-building ruler. The life expectancy of the average professional soldier was 30 years. Those who lived longer were rewarded with honours and pensions by the state. Professional soldiering demanded that you be continually alert and physically fit as well as skilful in the use of a variety of weapons and effective in you self defense. Professional soldiering often demanded that you live a lifestyle of hard physical work in the fresh outdoor building forts and camps, travelling, and, training. Of course these duties were interspersed with thieving, beating and raping the common folk along the way - as you impressed upon them that your political organization was now going to "protect" them or rule over them in exchange for a portion of their produce.

If you objected to their "collection of taxes" from you, it was likely that you would be beaten and raped - and they would then likely steal all of what you possessed. If you were bold enough to gather the neighbourhood together to provide a defense, your local defense league would eventually be massacred by the professionals. You would be fighting with clubs, shovels, forestry axes, staves, and knives. They would sometimes be mounted on horseback, have a partial dress of armoured clothing, and use a dagger, short sword, pike, battleaxe, javelin, net, and shield. They would be accustomed to fighting and killing; you and your neighbours would have seldom exposure to short-term violence as a result of an argument and your capability for killing would have been relegated to small game and the occasional domestic animal. You would be fighting in fear and horror; they would be fighting in confidence and tradition. In this type of warfare, an instant of hesitancy could result in a stab wound, a slash, or a blow which knocked you into a temporary state of shock - leaving you defenceless against a fatal attack. This would be reality past the 1700s. Remember this picture every time you read the word "war".

This wasn't the clean, quiet, short death often portrayed in North American cinema.
This was reality! If you were fortunate, you received a crushing blow to the skull, were knocked unconscious, slipped into a coma, and died. More often you received a deep slash from a short sword or a knife. Medical care and bandages would not arrive on the battlefield until almost the 1800s. You would probably try to stop the bleeding with a dirty rag. If you were unfortunate, you would succeed - and over the next day, or several weeks - your wound would become infected, fester, become gangrenous - and after much pain, you would die. If you were exceedingly knowledgeable, which few were, you would know which herbs to gather and place in a poultice over the wound; you would have some idiosyncratic paranoia about dirt and cover your wounds with relatively clean hide or cloth. Remember this picture every time you read the word "war".

If you received a puncture wound - from a knife, pike, sword tip, javelin or hooked battleaxe - you would begin haemorrhaging inside. Surgery would be largely unheard of for another 1500 years. You would bleed to death. A severed major artery would mean that you would likely be conscious for 4 minutes, or as long as 20. Less serious wounds would have you die of a combination of infection and blood loss. If enough of you friends and relatives were not nearby to assist you back home, you would lie on the battlefield in agony - crying for help in fear and terror, or listening to the multitude of screams, shrieks and moans that rose from the field surrounding you. Your struggle might last for 10 hours; for other, it could be a few hours or a day. If it took you long to die, the scavengers - jackals, wild dogs, rats, lynx, etc - would come to feast on you and those around you, before you died. If it was winter, your blood might freeze you to the ground, and the constriction of your clothing and the slower circulation from the cold - would drag on the agony longer. This would be reality into the 20th century! Remember this picture every time you read the word "war".

If you were a professional soldier, you knew the facts.
You remembered comrades who had been careless, or less skilful - and had watched them die.
With your training and confidence you were deliberate on the battlefield - and ruthless.
You knew that if you left someone partially incapacitated, they might have enough life left to catch you off guard, or from behind - and stab. So if possible you struck until you had a fatal blow landed. If the opposition became heavy, your fear prompted a complete frenzy of action in all directions. Once begun there was seldom any break in the fighting unless you were fighting another organized army with some form of audible signalling. If you happened to reach the frenzy stage, you went on killing and stabbing until you were too weak to continue. So you tried to remain confident, deliberate, and in control - only those who paced their energies would survive.

As a professional soldier, you enjoyed the comradeship of other men.
Your days and evenings were taken up in intimate competition with them: conversing with them, telling stories, jokes, dining, working, training. You never had the routine or anxiety of the peasant herder or farmer. You always had enough to eat and you never had to grow any of it yourself. What you did not have were the pleasures of the cities. Frequent bathing was unheard of - some soldiers would bathe once a month. Housing was generally stoic, drafty, damp, cold and unclean. There were no servants or wives to pamper you. You were fortunate if you avoided endemic skin problems from lice, fungus diseases, ringworm and other parasites. There was no poverty, no social status to perform for, no deception or manipulation in relationships, no nagging wife or crying children, no heavy responsibilities. All of those would come easily later, if you survived. And if you did not - well, why would you prefer a life of disappointments in a material society in which your worth as an individual was seldom appreciated: here, you were appreciated for who you really were - your skills, attitude, professionalism. It was a way out of the gutter of human indignity into the sun of social respectability and material pleasure, wasn't it?

War is an antidote for the pride & insecurity which finds the reasons for one's own failures in the hands of others.
War enables a justification of the most negative and intense expressions of which humanity is capable: hate, slander, gossip, intolerance, murder, rage, torture, cruelty, abusiveness, deception, force --- often against others who you fear as strangers and who are often innocent. It is always easier for political and social leaders to find scapegoats rather than convey the news of reality to the dependent citizens. How can you assertively tell the masses who look to you for decisions that you have deceived them into believing in fairness and equality while you enforce privilege and promote greed? There are few human political systems which have come into existence or remained in existence without resorting to promoting war economically, socially, religiously.

3,000 B.C.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome becomes an unrecognized human health problem.
While present in the offspring of many parents who drink alcoholic beverages frequently during the pregnancy term of their child, the influence would be held in denial by all human cultures until well through the A.D. 1900s. A good understanding of the dangers and influences would not be gained until the early 1990s. Even then, there would be a minor response in terms of widespread public education. Thousands of years of human-based authority sanction and social and commercial promotion would have made the disease almost endemic to some "progressive" societies.

During pregnancy, if the human mother drinks alcoholic beverages, eats high hormone foods, uses psychoactive drugs, becomes accidentally exposed to toxic chemicals, or, engages in intense emotional expression - which releases high concentrations of the mother's alert-attack and calm-retreat hormones, the growing foetus becomes exposed to markedly higher concentrations of the compounds. This occurs because the foetus is considerably smaller than the mother yet is exposed to the same concentration of the substances in the mother's blood. That is, 4 ounces of alcohol, drank by the mother, will be diluted within about 4 litres of blood. This blood will circulate through a body which usually weighs at least 120 pounds.

Coping with alcohol is relative to physical size.
That is, 120 pounds or more of cells within one lifeform will have to cope with 4 ounces of alcohol.
With the foetus, which may weigh less than an ounce to an average full-term weight of 7 pounds - it also, as a separate lifeform sharing the same blood supply must cope with 4 ounces of alcohol. Thus the duration of exposure to the substances is equal to that of the mother and form a basic habit structured reference point of "normal" for the foetus. In addition, the intensity of the exposure of the foetus to the substances is equal to between 10 and 100 times greater than that of the mother. It is as if when the mother becomes drunk, the foetus may become 20 times more drunk. The intensity and duration of such patterns on the foetus have the capability to re-structure the desires, needs, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours of the person to be born.

Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in infants, children, teenagers and adults include these:

   x learning difficulties;
   x low attention span, impatience;
   x seizures, twitches, abrupt behaviours;
   x abusiveness, reactivity, defensiveness;
   x depression, anxiety;
   x permanent immaturity, egotism;
   x violence, rage;
   x low self-esteem, toxic shame;
   x tendency to encourage perfectionism;
   x deformed physiological characteristics;
   x memory problems;
   x higher rate of suicides than average.

These symptoms tend to encourage the development of personalities which are addictive - compulsive in nature. The intentions of the person are frequently subverted by patterns of behaviour over which the individual has little awareness, less power and even less control. This inevitably results frequently in behaviours which can be dramatic. Often, the behaviours of the individual will appear to be anti-social yet the public response may be forgiving if the "repentence role" portrayed by the subject is, and it often is, sincere and convincing. The later also inspires pity and sadness in those surrounding such an individual such that some may be encourgaed to share in the self-obsessed expressions of self-pity indulged in by the addict when a psychoactive substance or behaviour is engaged in by them. That is, sorrow and pity like companionship; low self-esteem attracts those who are non-assertive.

Addictive-compulsive individuals have a higher tendency than non-addicted individuals to become delinquents, runaways, overachievers, criminals, authoritarians, drug addicts, substance abusers, and spousal batterers. Their habit of doing other than what they intend to do encourges others to perceive them as undependable, manipulative, enthusiastic, persuasive, and, inspiring. Their overall influence on societies, as they are allowed to increase proportionately within the society, is to increase the degree of intolerance and competitiveness, increase the degree of insincere "humanism", increase the amount of relationship enmities, increase the frequency and intensity of criminal activity, increase the support of the status quo, increase reaction to the status quo, decrease the choices of negotiation and compromise, increase emotional and economic dependencies, increase interpersonal dependencies. The longer a society allows such trends to continue, the closer it becomes to a time when a near future or real and present catastrophe requires innovative, cooperative, self-directed, self-assertive action to prevent social collapse.

Typical social influence scenarios would include:

"My dad used to come home drunk and take it out on my mom.
Then my mom would take it out on me. I thought my mother made him the way he was.
I hated her. I became a bully."

... traced her low self-worth to unremitting abusive treatment by her father, and the unsupporting, passive behaviour of her obese mother, who became a negative role model for her. Because her mother was so distracted, she had to fill the role of mother to the other children. Before she reached puberty, she found a way to prevent her father from beating his children: sex. If she gave into her father's demands, he would not abuse the younger children.

"My father wanted to have sex with me all the time.
I just didn't have the strength to resist, so I let him.
I felt it was my fault somehow that my mother acted so strangely."

2,900 B.C.
Queen Shub-ad, a Sumerian, commits a ritual suicide.
She is wearing a modern-style wig, large earings, and a necklace on her head.
She is also using cosmetics.

2,852 B.C.
"The Great Heavenly One", Fu-hsi, would be made, by Han mythologists, after the birth of Jesus Christ and the great successes of the then Chinese Emperor, the first of 3 demigods, the San Hwang - or Three Primordial Sovereigns. They would be written about in such a manner as to form the beginning of the emperor political system, and, because they embodied the first three, their presumed existence would be used to justify the authority of those rulers who followed. The San Hwang were described as having descended to the Earth from the Heavens by way of a miraculous birth: they, each in turn, are brought to the Earth by a Pleiadian spacecraft from which they are "born" before it disappears. Their purpose is to teach humans the art of civilization and politics. The latter is taught such that the principal function of government is not administration but education.

The true date of the arrival was about 7403 B.C.
During these times, it still took the Pleiadians 2353 years to travel round trip between the Earth and their home; that is, it took just over 1176 years each way. Other stops were made along the way at 3 other planets in other galaxies. As the best confirmed date of arrival is 2697 B.C. for the third demigod, 2353 years would take us back to 5050 B.C. when rice cultivation began, and, when the second demigod, Shen-nung had arrived. A further 2353 years previous to 5050 B.C. would take us to 7403 B.C., without correcting for possible changes in the length of the Earth year.

During the trip, a crew of 50 would take turns in suspended animation with only one crewmember being active at any one time. Activity cycles would last for a time span of approximately 1/12th of a modern Earth year with each member taking about 600 (12 x 50) shifts and arriving home about 50 years older than they were at the beginning of the voyage. While visiting the Earth, the spacecraft surveilled the globe completely once, and visited one human community for a period of about 2 months, such that 3 members of the crew had direct experience with the Earth.

2,800 B.C.
The Akkadians cut short the Sumerian success when they invaded and conquered them.
They inherited much from the Sumerians but they instituted their own form of social structure and system of ownership different from the Sumerians. The Babylonians and Assyrians followed, conquered, and added complexities of their own. "Cyrus the Great" of Persia would conquer the area in 529 B.C.

The "gifts" from the spacepersons quickly lost their benefits to humanity when other materially disadvantaged and aggressive groups of overpopulation invaded from other regions with survival and revenge in mind. They were not angry so much at the Sumerians as they were at the fact of their birth into a life of misery, want, greed, envy, lust, deception and turmoil. Hating their abusive experience of life, it was easy to obsess on the material and sensual capacities of others.

2,737 B.C.
"The Divine Husbandman", Shen-nung, the second of the Three Primordial Sovereigns, is "born" out of the Heavens onto the Earth by a Pleiadian spaceship, to continue the education of the Chinese is given this date of arrival by Han writers shortly after the birth of Jesus Christ. The Han dynasty existed between 202 B.C. and 220 A.D. The purpose of the writers was to provide justification for the political authority of the emperor and a rationale as to why he should be worshipped, and obeyed, as a god.

The actual date of the event was about 5050 B.C.
Such a time reference to humans then would have been unthinkable, for lacking any degree of written history, human history beyond several generations existed only in myth-like stories which tended to retain the core significance of the events but lose most of the details.

2,697 B.C.
"The Yellow Emperor", Hwang-ti, the third of the Three Primordial Sovereigns, written about in the Han dynasty, after the birth of Jesus Christ, was noted as beginning his reign now - and probably did. A personification of the influence of a third visit by Pleiadians to the Chinese, the benefits this time included wheel making, ceramics, and metallurgy. Chang Tao-Ling, who would study at the Imperial Academy in Peking, in modern times, found a "Treatise of the Elixir Refined in Nine Cauldrons", a work on alchemy, in a cave and attributed its authorship to the Yellow Emperor.

A palace or royal residence was built and a medium of exchange was instituted by 2000 B.C. in the form of cowrie shells. Structural design now began to become a consideration as dwellings were increasingly being built with a longer-term intent for use. Yellow became the imperial colour, the colour of the northern loessland which was the foundation of China's agricultural wealth. In a later history of the times, the sage Chi-Po tells the Yellow Emperor that "the earth floats in space." This concept would not be suggested in Europe for another 4000 years.

2,650 B.C.
Agriculture takes on considerable changes in practice by this date.
Increasingly rapid population growth, overused soils near larger communities and decreasing local fertile farmlands encourage the development of poverty through too much of a division of original family properties, quarrelling and envy about shares of property willed to relatives, and servitude through crop loss or addictive behaviours. A necessity arose for outcast people, or, people who laboured under shame, fear, uncertainty, abuse, envy, or distrust - to move as far away from their original settlement as possible.

Agricultural crops are mainly varieties of grasses.
The fruit or seed is harvested and prepared into flour and porridge-like meal to provide a carbohydrate-rich staple which digests slow enough to provide extended periods of stamina and nutritional satisfaction relative to that of fruits and vegetables. Typically, such grasses or grains have optimum growing soils and climates which may have a frequent relationship to altitude of the land at particular latitudes. Fundamentally, the growing season must be long enough, the availability of natural or artificially supplied moisture must be adequate, the soil must be of a viable consistency for proper root growth, predators and antagonists must be minimal and, the available nutrition in the soil and air must be high enough to satisfy the plant.

It may be helpful to note that plant life on the Earth far preceded animal life and that most animal life is wholly or partially dependent on the presence of plants. By reviewing either the PLNT.HST or PLNT.ALF appendix files you will begin to appreciate that Earth-based plants share an intelligence which could more expectedly graduate to an "advanced" civilization than that of animal life. Unlike animals, on the Earth during the periods of recorded history, once plant seeds begin to grow they have little capability of changing their residence location.

Particular grasses and grains developed in accord with the factors and influences of specific geographical regions. Rye grass grows better in highland areas and cool temperate regions than near sea level or in the tropics. Rice grown in lowlands and tropical or semi-tropical regions often is more productive than when grown elsewhere. Yet at this time, humans began to inter-disperse around the globe taking their home versions of agricultural staples with them to begin a new agricultural life in a new climate.

Randomly relocated plants can only survive against high pressures of orientation conflict, nutrient starvation, temperature shock, new and dominant opposition, and, occasional appropriate new environments. Sprouts and other growing plants orient themselves towards the Sun relative to geomagnetic lines of force - in much the same way as human newborns on emerging from their mother's anatomy have a reflex which stimulates them to begin breathing a new and foreign medium which will be essential for their survival - air. Of equal importance to most Earth-based plants is sunlight.

Taking a small tree or a bush and "transplanting" it such that it is left differently positioned to the Sun than it was initially will pose hardships for the plant. It will be "confused" by this orientation such that it may expect to receive direct sunlight from the direction which is now "northwest". For some species of plants (i.e. pines) this disorientation can be as traumatic as dropping a human infant in the water and expecting that it will survive somehow by breathing water.

The ability for plants to recover from this type of disorientation and adapt to the new source-of-food direction will vary from species to species, and, sometimes, from individual to individual. Humans are also somewhat dependent upon the presence of sunlight which enters through their eyes. Preventing this source of "nutrition", which stimulates the release of hormones and enzymes, can produce emotional depression in the human.

Whether relocated as a seed, seedling or adult - the nutrient composition of the new soil to that of the "native" soil will additionally starve, hinder or promote the growth success of the transplant. Pines placed in poorly drained soils will have a tendency for their roots to rot and the presence of insufficient advantageous "fixing" bacteria and fungi in the soil can lead to the death of the plant. Many plants share a relationship with simple celled organisms which "metabolize" mineral elements from the surrounding soils and, by their attachment or nearness to the plant root, enable the plant to absorb the recombined nutrients.

Many trees thrive on the efforts of a multitude of smaller less complex lifeforms even as humans thrive on the efforts of less biologically complex plant lifeforms. No bacteria and fungi = stunted and fewer plants. No plants = no animals and no humans. Lack of adequate physical nutrition is often more critical for Earth-based plants for most do not have a self-directed choice of relocating.

Temperature shock relative to the transportation and planting of plant seeds or adults will neither be as frequent in its many possible forms at this time as in the future nor will it be the result of as many individual human actions. Most frequent in this era will be the inadequate protection of seeds and growing plants from heat and dryness (during warm months) and cold and frost (during cooler months). While many plant seeds can withstand great temperature swings and long periods of dryness, few can survive extended periods of freezing, particularly when exposed to frost or moisture at the same time. Sprouting, improperly forced by signals of temperature and humidity, when adequate and nutritional soils are unavailable is little different, biologically, from humans being responsible for plant infanticide. An awareness of plant needs and an empathy for their life challenges is mandatory for a positive relationship to exist which will be beneficial to both.

Having survived the journey to the new home, most plants will thrive better if placed into soils which are of a consistency to that of their native home. Pines, and most coniferous plants, grow well in sandy gravely soils through which their roots may extend for a good distance. This provides a strong base for the tree to assist its later heavy above ground body from being toppled over by wind or other influences. The porous soil also enables a fast and thorough exposure of the developing root structures to water made available by rain.

Occasional watering proves beneficial.
Soaking in water will often smother the roots from a required air supply and will both soften the bark or skin of the roots making them susceptible to pest and micro-organism invasion as well as encouraging rot (similar to gangrene in humans). Other plants will require "heavier" soils for their greatest benefit which may include the soil's ability to maintain a degree of moisture to the plant on an almost continuous basis. Soil, to most plants, is like the basement and pantry would be for humans. If the design is not what you are capable of working with, it is useless and your happiness and health may be threatened.

The greatest active threat to the life of the plant or seed taken from its native location will be similar species competition, predators and pests. Frequently, specific species of plants, pests, and their combined preditors have reached a balance within a specific and regional Earth ecological territory. If EITHER is removed separately to a new location, it usually thrives because of lost restraints, or, it is quickly eradicated by native plants or pests which are more suited to survival in their own home territory.

The introduction of plants or pests into advantageous territories offering positive climate and soil conditions yet lacking in substitutes for their native pests and predators - would result in their unrestrained proliferation. This could result in substantial ecological distress in the new region with the new plant or pest effectively crowding out the native varieties which were similar to them but were existing in a balance maintained by their native competitors and pests. That is, in some situations, the survival of the new entry is not a possibility of achieving a balance with the other native elements but more one of either dying oneself or of annihilating a part of the originally balanced ecosystem.

A variation of this invasive option will occur in situations where a new-to-the-area species will cross-fertilize with similar species and form a new race or species. Inevitably, properties valued in the respective native ecologies become mixed and merged in such a fashion that the strong benefits of each are lost. This would happen frequently with herbs. Plants which had extremely valuable and strong properties in their native setting would sometimes either lose these assets or have their effectiveness diminished by their lose of genetic properties or the mutations which might evolve in response to changes in the new relative to the native ecologies.

While all of the above could result in tremendous changes to the ecology of the new neighbourhood moved into, the introduction of agriculture itself, as a ground use practice would probably be the most devastating. Jungle and rainforest plant covers often grow on minimal soils with highly porous and deep vegetative mulch. Removal of this cover often results in the washing down of nutrients from the upper levels of the soil and mulch to depths which far exceed the root capabilities of most agricultural crops.

Removing a rainforest can quickly result in desertification of the region.
Trying to grow the rainforest back is largely impossible or extremely long-term as the protective cover from the nutrient washing rains is gone and the beneficial fungi required in the soil and mulch cover by the tree roots has been destroyed by fire or exposure and is difficult to relocate even if it is found elsewhere. Removing trees and specially adapted grasses from sandy soils can enhance the probability of water and wind erosion effectively removing the soil and transporting it elsewhere.

In these and other similar situations the potential for climate change over the region is high relative to the size of the territory affected. Rainfall patterns are often influenced by the relative air pressure which tends to exist over different regions. Anyone who has taken a trip in a small airplane which flew at low altitudes and continually crossed over variable examples of ground cover (gravel, forest, road, agricultural land, lake, ...) will remember that the trip was not a calm one even though there may not have been any noticeable wind at the time.

The lift of an airplane, like the lift of a cloud, would tend to change as the variations in ground heating and cooling were reflected in the air pressures over the land or water. Clearing large tracts of land formerly covered with heavy vegetation can produce large changes in the Earth's climate. Deserts can be created by such measures in as little as 2 years, or, over a period of hundreds of years.

Managed agriculture based on an awareness of Earth-based plant intelligence and needs can be most successful on a long-term (milleneums) basis; agriculture based solely on consideration of production of familiar or favorite grains with only a minimal empathy and awareness of native plants can be successful for centuries. Ignorance of or the choice to ignore such factors encourages a dependency upon singular species which promotes the possibility of calamity if that species becomes exposed to virulent predators, critical changes in the climate, or irreversible soil changes. A balance CAN be maintained. Will it ? The future happiness and peace of humanity rests on this, and other, challenges. Do humans know what they are doing or are they simply acting like visitors in a new land trying to survive without knowing where they are going ?

2,640 B.C.
Silks were produced in China and would become a major trading good.
From 65 A.D. to 300 A.D., Rome remitted an annual equivalent of perhaps as much as $40 million for silks, brocades, muslins, and cloth of gold bought in India. The practice of growing and weaving silk had been taken to India from China near 1500 B.C.

2,600 B.C.
King Snefru, of the 4th Egyptian dynasty, builds the first Egyptian pyramid.
It is at this point that mummification of bodies begins. Concern about longevity and death leads to rationalizations about death. Crocodiles are revered because they are never seen to give birth; they have no external genitals; it is assumed that they spontaneously appear, or, that they never die. A god with a human form and a reptilian head becomes worshipped. Because falcons seem to be drawn to dead bodies, it is further spuriously reasoned that the lifeforce of a being is taken up into the heavens by a bird-god. A god with human form and a bird's head becomes revered. The god Osirus is believed to look after the body in the underground underworld, into which the body is typically buried. When a person dies and if they are cut open, the major arteries and veins will drain to appear hollow and filled with air. It became believed that air flowed through the body to provide life.

It was further reasoned that the body was simply, and very importantly, a shell which houses an air-like spirit - which lives in the arteries and the heart. Since nasal fluids descend from the direction of the brain, it was reasoned that the only function of the brain was to produce a nasal discharge. Thus, as organs, the brain becomes considered useless, and is purposefully destroyed in the embalming procedures. The heart, representing the most important part of the body, was sometimes replaced by a solid round object on which writings from the sacred book of the dead had been inscribed.

The interior organs were usually removed through a slit made in the side of the abdomen which was large enough for a human hand to extend inside the cavity and remove each organ. These were treated with special preservative liquids and replaced back into the cavity. Tunics and other parts of clothing were made into pads and inserted into the body and used as padding externally so as to maintain the form of the original body and to make an even shaped external wrapped form. The penis was sometimes embalmed in its normal position; sometimes it was removed and stored elsewhere. Form was very important, as a shell.

A cult revering Osirus promoted the preservation of the body so that when the gods returned from the heavens, those god's would return the air-like spirit to the body and enable everlasting life. Why Osirus as a god? Why the expectation of a god returning or coming from out of the heavens to provide a re-birth of life? Why the suggestion that the heart was so important, spiritually, while all other organs were of minor importance?

It was recognized that dried bodies reduced the decomposition of the body trenedously.
Any meat-eating tribe would have known this from their meat-drying preservation practices.
The use of anti-bacterial and antifungal salt and spices and substances together with a removal of moisture was the only form of longer-term food preservation known at the time. Exclusion of moist air and insects would also be desired. Tight wrapping with cloth would assist in providing this protection. Cloth, especially the large sizes required to bind a full-size human body, required a substantial amount of time, labour and material to make: they were of high value. One source of such a shroud was a ship's sail. Sails were made up like a patchwork quilt, of vertical and horizontal strips of patches of material. Sometimes, an old sail would be used as the outer covering fo a mummy. While many bodies would be mummified, they would largely represent those of the more materially advantaged citizens whose family could afford the costs involved.

2,600 B.C.
"The Book of Enoch" was written to describe the culture, predictions and Guidance received by Enoch, a Jewish priest ordained by Adam, in Egypt. Surviving copies have been translated from the original Ethiopian.

It should be noted that a brief study of human languages, especially the older ones, will reveal that certain aspects of reality and abstract concepts are impossible to describe. The word and concept for "church" did not exist in the Greek language of the New Testament; a "group of people" was interpreted by the Romans into the Latin concept of "church".

Native peoples who lived in the American midwestern deserts had no words for most colours.
As the intensity and direction of the sun varied through the day over their rocky land, colours and hues reflected by the rocks changed. In such an environment, describing a formation specific to a location as orange or yellow or brown was considered absurd for in an hour its colour could change and by late afternoon most formations would look gray. At first, outsiders considered the natives ignorant until the explorers were humbled by their sophisticated and useless descriptions.

The English word "love" describes a variety of intensities of relationships.
A Brazilian native language uses 16 words to describe different forms and intensities of relationship which English-speaking persons refer to with one word. Much confusion and misunderstanding arise from expectations and assumptions which are promoted by the single word "love" because the culture has not given importance to the distinctions of its various forms.

Abstract thinking and the communication of abstract concepts is not shared by the majority of humans.
Yet all of reality which is neither physical in nature or stable and predictive in presence can only be accurately described by using abstractions. Such abstractions often resort to the use of metaphors, similes, and apparent contradictory descriptions in their efforts to describe a reality touched, bottled, maintained, or constructed.

Many sacred and religious writings are collections of histories, genealogies, and attempts to relate abstract realities through the use of rudimentary forms of language. Thus it is to be expected that a differentiation between a Superior Spirit with complete dominion over the universe, might be difficult to refer to as distinct from a Superior being who could work miracles (actions which we don't understand the result of) and who could provide guidance which was beyond criticism. Early human societies all seem to have struggled with the linguistic problem of relating to others what they meant by "God" or "Lord" such that many less abstract thoughtful persons have easily used the terms to designated objects which they believed were capable of miracles or luck as well as to designate persons who possessed power, influence and respect capable of making an individual's life much more enjoyable or much less enjoyable.

The basis for power in a nation is for subjugation of the citizens to orderliness and preparation and involvement in war for accumulation or retention of material wealth. The basis for power in an institution is the subjugation of the members to the authority of the humans which personify its leadership in acknowledgement of their influence, power or guidance in improving the lives of the members. In either formation, the use of the abstract is often for the purpose of confusing and manipulating the member or citizen into obedience. Such organizations, by their very form, defeat the purposes of spirituality: the acknowledgement of a Supreme Life-Energy-Being in humility and reverence extended to the acknowledgement of the capability for god-like actions and attitudes in all living things.

2,600 B.C.
"The Book of Enoch" is mentioned in The Church of Latter Day Saints' "Doctrine and Covenants" 107:57; an outline of observations and prophesies of his God is noted in the Doctrine and Covenants 45: 12-75; Enoch is mentioned in both the Jewish - Christian "Old Testament" and in the Church of Latter Day Saints' "Book of Mormon". Yet the Book of Enoch has intentionally been excluded from inclusion with the writings of others in the institutionalized "Bibles". Why?

Perhaps because Enoch tells of the mating between angels (spacebeings) and the daughters of men, the birth of mutants and the misfortunes that resulted from it; he describes his wondrous journeys to different parts of the heavens (other planets or galaxies?) and earth; he declares that he knows the secrets of the universe and reveals an astounding knowledge of the stars and the planets. According to tradition, he invented writing, arithmetic, and astrology, and he is given titles including "Father of the Gods" and "Father of the Initiates" and at some end point he is taken up into the heavens (by a spaceship?).

These statements conflict with the basis for ALL institutionalized religions by discounting the supremacy of mankind in the universe and discounting the capability for an human to interpret for or intercede on behalf of God by sending his superior-to-human "angels" and requesting that humans develop an individual spiritual responsibility and communication with God. Perhaps this is why human power seekers have set aside the Book of Enoch, and other spiritual texts (ie. The Book of Jasher) from their compilations. This historical abuse of power may have resulted in false religions being promoted through linguistic incapacities, misinterpretations and manipulations.

Doctrines and Covenants 45: 13, 17, 26-70
"And confessed they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth ... For as ye have looked upon the long absence of your spirits from your bodies as bondage, I will show unto you how the day of redemption shall come, ... And in that day shall be heard of wars and rumours of wars, and the whole earth shall be in commotion, and men's hearts shall fail them, and they shall say that Christ delayeth his coming until the end of the earth. And the love of men shall wax cold, and inequity shall abound. ... And there shall be men standing in that generation that shall not pass until they shall see an overflowing scourge; for a desolating sickness shall cover the land. ... And there shall be earthquakes also in divers places, and many desolations; yet men will harden their hearts against me, and they will take up the sword, one against another, and they will kill one another.

... And before the day of the Lord shall come, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon be turned into blood, and the stars fall from heaven. ... And then they shall look for me, and, behold, I will come; and they shall see me in the clouds of heaven, clothed with power and great glory; with all the holy angels; ... an angel shall sound his trump, and the saints that have slept shall come forth to meet me in the cloud. Wherefore, if ye have slept in peace blessed are you ... the earth shall tremble, and reel to and fro, and the heavens also shall shake. ...

For they that are wise and have received the truth, and have taken the Holy Spirit for their guide, and have not been deceived ... shall abide the day. And the earth shall be given unto them for an inheritance: and they shall multiply and wax strong, and their children shall grow up without sin unto salvation. ... And there shall be gathered unto it out of every nation under heaven; and it shall be the only people that shall not be at war with one another."

2,600 B.C.
Celtic tribes are believed to have first emerged from the Kirghiz steppes of Western Kazan, between central Europe and southern U.S.S.R. They would expand west, north and south to occupy northern Asia Minor (not far from the Sumerians), Greece, northern Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Austria-Hungary and lastly Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Their religion had a hierarchy of gods with the God of the Heavens as the Supreme Deity. Their language would share similarities with the German, Italian, Slavic, Baltic, Venetian, Greek, Armenian, Iranian and Old Indian.

The Celts maintained their traditions on birchbark manuscripts.
Later, when these were burned by pious Catholic monks, the traditions had to be carried on vocally by travelling minstrel and storyteller. The mention of special individuals conceived with the participation of a god, armed with high technology weapons, capable of transmutation, able to put purpose before feeling, and capable of magic or great feats holds a central position in a number of the legends. Such a collection of factors rarely comes from a culture that does not also speak of gods coming from the heavens to assist them with knowledge and inventions.

Note: see also 400-140 B.C. and 525 A.D. , 1115-1200 A.D. , 1550-1750 .

2,550 B.C.
The REDs begin visiting the Earth in response to signals communicated into space by Earth life-forms denoting distress. The distress comes from the influence of human population increases: human self-destructiveness, botanical disruption from the destruction of forests, environmental pollution through mass human activities.

2,500 B.C.
In the Jewish "Old Testament" books, written between 2500 B.C. and 500 B.C., a progression of codes are contained which commingle religious ideals of preferred behaviour and laws, the latter having specified penalties for breach of. Throughout the series of books, there is a progression from morality histories to laws to judgements.

In the first instance, examples are given in which the outcomes of battles, individual struggles, and social conflicts are presented as almost superstitious guidance, except that favourable conclusions are often attained by the party who requested guidance from the "Holy Spirit". It would appear that this approach was most suited to those who were humble in person, assertive in action, and both independent in decision-making and committed to their faith.

As the population groupings grew in size to require and depend upon political leaders, these leaders took on the role of religious, judicial and military authority. In the midst of the chaos that followed from a lack of confidence in an average person for leadership, the Jews were favoured, on several occasions, with the selection of a leader by an entity "all powerful, from the heavens" which provided him with "divine guidance and laws". These codes were not debated nor voted on: they were "given". No one could fault the chosen leader as setting forth self-serving or single-minded restraints that would provide him with privilege at their expense. The manner of his selection was acknowledged at the time and the laws given to him were revered as a code of conduct. Enforcement of the code, however, demanded penalties - and such sanctions required judgement both as to guilt and as to severity.

Judgements for intentional crimes, were treated on an "eye-for-an-eye" basis and remain the standard in some Arabic nations today where blinding can result in a sentence of blinding; theft, in the loss of a hand; murder, in the loss of one's life. Other offenses, underwent change throughout the references in the Old Testament "books". At least 7 references to the treatment of slaves are mentioned with indication of a progression in the manner in which they were to be treated. As the Jewish heritage was one of nomadic life, there are few references to regulations regarding the possession of real estate.

Marriage is considered an intimate agreement between husband and wife with few rules beyond those of statements of preference. Sexuality, on the other hand, is referenced, through examples and rules both stating strongly defined rules in some writings and apparent consideration of circumstances in others. Onanism, adultery and fornication are strongly tabooed in some of the books while incest is permitted in exceptional circumstances in Genesis. Thus, social behaviours within the code show a varying degree of attention relative to the cultural concerns of the time.

2,500 B.C.
In Egypt, the level of technical artistry expressed in jewelry-making and architecture is the highest it will be during the next milleneum. As the culture gets older, this aspect will diminish. These "gifts" of artistry will become less important as the climatic change in the region, together with a growing urban population, continues to diminish living standards. As agricultural areas become dryer and hotter, a reliance on Nile River irrigation increases. The region would retain the image, to the distant regions, as an area of riches and political power. Meanwhile, social unrest would grow and political and religious superstitions would clash with the "teachings of the gods from heaven" as rationalizations for the climatic degradation are sought.

Pyramids would be built by monarchs as invitation for the gods to return from the heavens and provide a new and positive direction in lifestyle. The pyramids were to act as steps down to the Earth while still providing the rarity, that is, thinness, of air at the top - which the gods appeared to desire. On previous "visits", the gods had indicated that the surroundings (air) on the surface (at sea level) of the Earth was neither healthy or pleasant for them; they needed to return to the heavens - where they could live forever, in happiness. Many human cultures would attempt a great range of superstitious and incorrectly intellectualized concepts in an attempt to both convince these "heavenly gods" that these humans revered and respected them, and, in an attempt to induce the gods by the use of magic (deception) to return and help them.

2,500 B.C.
In India, the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa grew up in the ancient river valley of the Indus River (now in the state of Pakistan). They were both as carefully planned as Paris, France, or Washington, D.C. Efficient water supply, drainage, and rubbish chutes were constructed. There were public swimming pools and many homes had private bathrooms. Kiln-fired bricks used to build these cities have not been surpassed in their technological efficiency by any more recent variation. North American and European cities would not have comparable facilities until almost 1900 A.D.

Each had a population of more than 50,000 people with numerous smaller settlements around them such that they occupied an area much larger the modern state of Pakistan. Near 2000 B.C., at its geographical largest, it covered an area larger than both Egypt or Mesopotamia.

Mohenjo-daro came to a sudden end around 500 B.C.

An extensive caste system consisting of four groups of castes and thousands of castes, that is social hereditary groupings of occupations existed. Social order in cultural material opulence is easily maintained if each participant is provided, or chooses, a task which sustains the whole and, by specialization, can be performed both well and productively. In human civilizations, participants often feel the dignity of having been "chosen" for their purpose in life, if a recognized and revered authority delegates that purpose.

Spiritually, all such activities are valuable to the whole, regardless of their degree of skill or hardship. Learning to do that skill in the best way possible is most often easiest to learn if you learn from your mother or father what they have been taught by their parents who have specialized, for centuries, in their field of expertise.

In the best expression of a caste system you train from birth to contribute to your society in the best possible way in reverence to the authority which has born you with a purpose for life. Without such a purpose, what are you? With such a purpose there is harmony for, regardless of social acceptance or attractiveness of your caste, no one else can take that identity and occupation from you.

On a spiritual level, ALL caste positions carry with them negative aspects: physical hardship, filth, material wealth, planning, commitment, participation, acceptance - obligations. The spiritual dimensions of the caste system are at odds with the materialism of most other human cultures. It has failed to the extent that many more people appear to be physically disadvantaged than benefiting. Had density and expansion of population been more controllable, material sufficiency might never have become a "problem".

2,485 B.C.
The Dynasty of Ur 1 begins in Mesopotamia (Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia) when the sacred marriage takes place between the Goddess Innin, from the world of the stars, to Tammuz, the god of the Underworld (Earth). Innin, a female spacebeing of unknown origin mates with a human and continues a passionate life-long relationship for the rest of the life of the human. During a fly-past of her spaceship on its way to another destination, she leaves the ship to survey the civilization. She is attracted to the future political leader in some way and in sympathy for the totally backward people she encounters. She obtains authorization to stay and help the people and the rest of the crew continue on to their destination without her.

During her life on Earth, she encourages the largely nomadic tribal humans to develop agriculture.
This seems totally ridiculous to them for they cannot understand how it could be possible to live on a mainly grain and vegetation diet of desert scrub and how they could gather and preserve enough to look after them through the growing season or after. They reluctantly revere her at first out of respect for where she has come from (the sky). The first 6 months are the most difficult as she instructs them how to build ditches and dikes and to plant seeds according to astronomical indicators they cannot see or understand. The first crops change their scepticism into devotion.

Devotion without knowledge does not provide a basis for spiritual direction but rather a basis for authority. Innin has been compassionate and well-intentioned. She has not acknowledged the absolute intellectual backwardness of humans, almost totally devoid of abstract thought, science and technology at this point. These humans tend to live hand-to-mouth with little consideration for the longer-term or what the relevance of the universe might be. With their relatively high sexual desire, humans exploit any benefits of greater food productivity with population increases.

Every opportunity to reach for a more spiritually balanced lifestyle and civilization is thwarted by this anomaly brought about by earlier bioengineering "accidents" between spacebeings and humans. The genes of the hybrids have eliminated the original species in favour of one more sexually aggressive. Innin cannot reverse the influence of such bioengineering with her knowledge that promotes a higher standard of living.

Language never develops well between Innin and any humans during her lifetime to convey anything but the most rudimentary principles. Innin tries to convey that a "spiritual" basis to the organization of one's life is what can bring contentment and happiness. This basis appears to be one of "live each day for itself", know that a God exists throughout the universe, and that there are many "homes in the sky" - outer space. She suggests that someday she may return to her home in the sky and take Tammuz with her.

She lives for 15 years during which time no one comes by from her world to pick her up or contact her.
At her death, the humans do not understand much of what she has tried to impart. They now believe that they must try to preserve her remains as best as possible so that she will have a body that can be revived when the spaceperson "angels" come to get her. They build a tomb in reverence for her and the king and place in it the best of what they can offer to make their life in the new world pleasant by human standards. Tomb building becomes a practice for future kings and high priestesses who repeat what seemed to be the sacred marriage ceremony of Innin and Tammuz.

The city of Ur is referred to in the Jewish/Christian Old Testament Bible as the town from which Abraham had come. As late as the 1800's, European and North American historians neither believed in the existence of Ur or its significance. Only after Sir Leonard Woolley discovered the city in Mesopotamia, did the reality of these times begin to become recognized and confirmed.

2,357 B.C.
The Pleiades group of stars are mentioned in the earliest astronomical writings of the Chinese; they are worshipped by the women as the Seven Sisters of Industry. In 5050 B.C. a Pleiadian spacewoman mentor instructed the Chinese how to grow and harvest rice.

2,350 B.C.
"Sargon 1 of Akkad" invaded Mesopotamia (Iraq/Iran/ Saudi Arabia) from the east and north.
Utilizing spears as projectiles as well as bows and arrows they prove superior to the less mobile Sumerians who rely upon shields and long lances. Sargon founds a centralized state with a new capital, Akkad, and imposes the Akk language. The ruler was considered divine. New Akk gods included Istar Anu and the Sun-god, Samas. Rebellions, restrengthening and eventual weakening of the Empire occurred.

2,323 B.C.
This is the beginning of the ARIES Zodiac Astrological Age relative to later planetary positions.
As the Zodiac consists of 12 identically spaced "ages" spanning a period of 25,725 years, each one will have a duration of 2143 years.

Arian traits include:

     risk-taker : adventurous, restless, pioneering;
     aggressive : direct in approach, courageous, enterprising;
    enthusiastic: highly energetic, freedom-loving, intense;
    egotistical : love of self and promotion of self;
    reactionary : impulsive, argumentative, tactless;
      immature  : impatient, quick-tempered, impatient;
     combative  : satirical, intolerant, dominating;
      secure    : assumptive, expectant, wants everything now;
     pragmatist : willing to "modify" the truth to win.

An Arian culture is one in which the members would want excitement and action: power becomes an end to the means; and the means include travel,battle, conquest, empire-building, politics and the military. While Taureans have provided the structure for human political power, Arians use such a structure to spread accumulated power over greater distances. They would never be security obsessed enough to utilize their energies for something as ritualistic, demanding of focus and sacrifice, and, requiring an encompassing paternal concern for the members of the society - such that a firm bureaucracy and set of norms could be their goal. Yet without this base, Arians would become desperate, poor, anti-social children acting-out for the sake of challenge and excitement.

While the Taurean political and religious leader will have taken the social consequences and responsibilities of their role with great seriousness, the Arian participant gladly assumes the role of leader with little more in focus than how they individually can benefit from the power. An Arian culture will develop an ability to separate the reality of the politician from that of the governed. Members of the society will increasingly be told what they need only know to motivate them to carry out the wishes of their leaders. Arian leaders will determine that it is this manipulation of power which can preserve their rule from enemies, competitors, or, which will facilitate their overthrow of the "old-style" honest, yet "misguided" leaders.

Never having been as exposed to the insufficiencies of the early Taurean communities, the Arian community takes material sufficiency as a given. Concern for the maintenance of crops, water supplies, the arts and law and order - slackens and will increasingly be left to the responsibility of the organizational structures put into place by the former Taurean civilization. The evolving Arian culture will utilize its food surpluses to feed the whims and inclinations of the adventure-seeking dictators and tyrants to follow. Risk and assumption will replace conservativism and intolerance.

In the Arian culture, decisionmaking will increasingly become unbalanced rationalization.
Reasoning will become used more for justifing decisions than for interpreting and determining options. As the actions taken both within the society and directed outward from the society are taken quickly and erratically, the opportunity for the community membership to discern the truth and the reality before it becomes irrelevant decreases. Acceptnce and security are expected; thus, identity becomes a challenge of how to gain more influence than those around you. "More" becomes the operative word in class distinction. More slaves, more parties and banquets, more concubines and mistresses, more official titles, more attacks, more miles travelled, more towns sacked, more national monuments, more laws and regulations, more authority, more ....

Arian cultural commitment rarely extends beyond oneself as a member.
As a political state, commitment is translated into duty and duty becomes the extension of the influence of the nation. Marketing forces remain rudimentary at this stage with much of the world remaining unknown to local enclaves of humans and the capital base required for a consummer economy still far in the future. Wealth and refinement, garnered by the very few and as an extension of reverence in the Taurean culture, will now increasingly be sought with the promoted intent of sharing the rewards of imperialism to soothe the material greed and envy throughout an increasingly proud civilization. The more immediate intent will be for the leadership to enjoy the fruits of conquest and to share such benefits with one's immediate supporters, one's generals and troops.

Empathy, consideration, compassion, justice, and respect for any individual who is not already a member of the neighbourhood, city, state, or belief system is denied. Instead, "foreigners" are treated with less respect than wild animals. If they fail to surender to enslavement, they are new targets for ruthlessness and abuse as their wives, children, cattle, crops, art, crafts, and even their lives - are stolen from them. The organizational strength, food producing technology, increasing military power, and, envy-producing examples of material wealth and luxury displayed by the elite to the members of the civilization become the rationalizations supporting the rights of conquest.

Social participation will evolve to co-sponsorship in the imperialistic actions of the state and in the increasing subjugation and role segregation beween owners and slaves and men and women. Children have already largely lost the rights they enjoyed in simple bands. In the Taurean age, men and women passively submitted to their human leaders in their search for stability and survival. In the Arian age, women, with few exceptions, choose to stay at home and bear and care for the children while the man trains to fight for the state and then volunteers to go into battle in return for a share of the plunder to bring back and share with the family.

To resist the direction of the tyrant arian leaders and to empathize with the plight of the "enemy" is considered treason at worst, lack of courage in general, and, justification for ostracism and social denial - which with no share in the booty or state benefits will leave the family to materially decline into poverty and need. The success of the Taurean organization and institutionalization of agricultural practices has provided a surplus. That surplus was used to build proud edifices as idols of identity for the participants.

Peasants living self-sufficiently and paying a share of grain to the ruler for membership and identity now want finally to share in the material luxuries of their elite. Unemployment and social unrest has been increasing as civil engineering projects have reached a point of sufficiency. One more monument, for whatever the rationalization, just is not good enough any more. Surplus farmers, artisans, and young adults can now find dignity, identity and wealth in service to their country.

Decisionmaking within the Arian society is decidedly pragmatic: that is, whatever needs to be done in order to maintain the status quo will be rationalised as morally correct and legally corrrect. Perceptions will appear to be constantly changing as decisions and reasons supporting actions will quickly come and go. This is ultimately because of the decisionmaking focus resting upon the determination of which activity can advance one's identity and influence the greatest in this materialistic society.

Risk is prized as the only saving action against mediocrity, boredom, and poverty.
It is this obsession with "achievement of possession" in this job reduction economy which will further draw humanity away from spiritual values to the point of reverence for war, in addition to the Taurean reverence for idols. Individualism of thought has been suspended in service to the status quo; maintaining one's lifestyle is becoming increasingly a choice to individually "volunteer" to risk one's life, one's integrity, and, one's spiritual capability.

The activities of the Arian culture and its participants centre around risk, adventure, and, domination. Increasingly, lust, greed, envy, and pride will be concealed behind such terms as bravery, heroism, duty, lifestyle. The end result is that personal relationships become centred on objectivization of love. With ownership and institutions as givens, the macho heroism, bravery, recklessness, and material capability of the male become attributes of attractiveness and fundamentals to marital selection. Likewise, female marital partners are increasingly going to be chosen according to their perceived physical beauty, their "challenge" to the male, their ability to flirt and be coy, and, their "dowry" of wealth or family influence in the community. Cross-cultural mixed marriages will begin to form between local and distantly located individuals brought together by campaigns of war, exploration, or treaty.

Slavery, will expand to include a new division: the employed.
Unlike previously, this form of slavery is not one based on possessiveness but rather on what one wishes to possess. While workers were previously mainly self-employed labourers who shared their produce with their "protector," workers now labour according to the needs and directions of others and receive some form of compensation in return: they have become dependent upon employers. Without them, the families of workers would go hungry and die.

Choice and self-sufficiency are being surrendered by many.
Metal workers and armaments manufacturers, engineers, strategists, diplomats, government clerks and tax collectors, generals, troops, stone masons and many other specialties - will only have jobs if they are employed by the state, and the state will only employ those who both understand and carry out orders.

Regardless of intentions or statements, the reality of social structure will continue to be inequality but that will be partially remedied by the domination of others beyond the city or state. While local inequalities will continue, greater inequalities will be enforced between local peoples and colonials or captured prisoners. As a result of a focus on material equality and abundance, promoted, with deception and manipulation, equality at home will improve while it is reduced abroad, and, while freedom of thought is further diminished at home and freedom of action is abolished for the conquered. Now, misunderstandings, distrust, anger, revenge, hatred, and even rage - will extended and redirected from the status quo membership to all humans in the rest of the world.

2,250-1,000 B.C.
Over the British uplands, 600 Stone Circles ranging in diameter between 8 and 360 feet and in height between several inches and 14 feet would be made and survive to modern times. The number of stones in each circle or henge would range between 4 or 5 and 100. Most of the formations would actually be elliptical in shape, egg-shaped or flattened circles - very much more difficult to construct symmetrically than a simple circle. There may have been multiple purposes for the structures, several, or one.

Most could only have been used as strengthening members for a lodge if considerable vegetative material had been packed or structurally woven between the stones. Some circles are too small for such a purpose and others are too large. Such considerable effort in arranging the stones into the sizes of circles practical for such a purpose does not bear relevance to the crudity of the finished product - much more efficient structures could be built with less effort, unless.

If the structures were assembled by the limited intelligence (IQ = 60) of a Cro-Magnon band, it may have been built for a combined symbolic and practical purpose: reverential, ceremonial, and/or part-time lodge. Cro-Magnons are considered the first human-like anthropoidal lifeforms; neanderthals are regarded by many researchers as being more ape-like than human-like. There are no finds of a developmental evolutionary line of Cro-Magnon ancestors: they seem to just appear on the Earth; no particular originating point has ever been confirmed either.

Such a limited rational intelligence predisposes the individual to superstitious and spurious judgements of what they have experienced. Everything which is dramatic and unusual creates anxiety and a lack of repetitive experience coupled with a demand for explanation in order to allay fear and terror. Even singular experiences can evoke long-term reverence or terror directed at a particular form or entity. Within such a culture the lack of sophisticated symbolic communication in the form of language, writing or advanced pictorial abilities highly restrains the transfer of such "memories," either by modeling or imprinting, to succeeding generations.

 

Within several hundred years, all significant meaning would be lost in the succeeding generations and any further continuance of the practice would be a form of ritual dependent upon whether there was a practical component attached. This possibility is supported by the relative impracticality of most of the structures, the relatively short period of their construction, the inconsistency of their size, and, the lack of any surviving symbolic explanation of their significance.

Most disc-like flying saucers are perceived to be elliptical in shape when viewed from most angles other than that of near 90 degrees angle relative to their more broad and more flat surface. If a very primitive intelligence became fixated upon such a form, as perhaps from a traumatic experience, the individual would be attracted - even obsessed, with building and forming such symbolic structures. Persons who have been greatly traumatized sometimes develop compulsive behaviours in which a particular activity is repeated beyond any practical benefit as if the person is trying to determine the sugnificance or meaning of the act or as if the person is trying to have the outcome of the act repeat in the favourable manner by which they were first exposed to it.

A mother who has been traumatized by the death of her infants and psychologically abused by her husband telling her that she is responsible for the deaths because of her laxity in keeping a clean enough house - led to the children's sickness and subsequent death - may begin actions of compulsive cleaning with the delusion and compulsion that if she can now get everything clean enough, her children will come back to her and her crushing sense of guilt will dissipate. No matter how many times the dishes are washed or the carpets cleaned, the children do not come back to life and the guilt cannot be assuaged.

The traumatized mother may bear more children.
They will not be born with a genetic predisposition to washing dishes, or building crude elliptical structures. They will, unless able to release the "energy block" transferred to them by their mother's biochemical patterns during gestation - be biologically predisposed to the formation of some form of compulsive behaviour relevant to their own personal life experience.

Most addictive behaviours begin in the same manner with the spiritually weakened person, depressed and/or anxious, seeking a means to alleviate the negative feelings. By drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking a cigarette, having sex, burying one's conscious awareness in activity or work, taking hallucinogen's, or some other temporary emotional alteration - the person finds that the symptom goes away. Since the influence is still present, the effect of the "means" subsides and the symptom returns.

Driven by the irritation of the original "hurt" and too confused and distracted to pause and reflect or to seek a more constructive resolution, the individual takes the easy path of returning to the substance or activity which took away the symbol of the hurt previously, took away the symptom. The more times the cycle is repeated, the more the behaviour becomes ritualized and habitual - to be repeated according to personalized cues without any sense of choice or awareness.

Yet while this "energy block" is present in the adult, and can be transferred to the person's offspring, the "block" represents an "ease of pattern replication" rather than a genetically induced behaviour. That is, the child of an alcoholic will be biologically predisposed to develop addictive behaviours more than one whose parents have no such energy blocks - but the developed addiction in the new generation may not duplicate the substance or activity reliance of the parent.
See Appendix NERGY.BLK for more detail.

Here, it is sufficient to note that a compulsive behaviour may be induced in humans which provides them with the incentive to perform activities with a great deal more repetition, compulsion, diligence, orderliness, industry - than other persons. Without specific forms of social ritual or authoritarian compulsion, or, intellectualization - specific activities are unlikely to be sustained from generation to generation for thousands of years. In a closed and static social and climactic environment, these can be a positive influence providing predictable behaviors which suggest harmony. When such environments reach a threshold of dynamic growth, such patterns become negative as obstructions to coping, flexibility, compromise, and sedlf-direction.

2,120 B.C.
Windmill Hill, a "Causewayed Camp", a mile northwest of Avebury, in the southern English highlands, is constructed as an earthwork enclosure. While none of the stonehenge circles appear to be of practical design for use as a cattle enclosure into which herds could be gathered in the fall season, this has been suggested by some researchers to have been used for such a purpose.

2,122 B.C.
"Woodhenge" is built 2 miles north of the modern site of Stonehenge, in southern England, Avebury.
By 1928 A.D., 6 concentric rings of circular holes for wooden posts would be found and excavated to reveal subsurface post ends.

2,100 B.C.
The planet "Chiron", with a highly elliptical orbit more like that of Pluto than of most of the Earth's solar system neighbours, approaches close to Saturn. Major disturbances take place on it from the interplanetary forces of attraction between the two planets. Because of its dissimilar orbit to the Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus - humans would pay little attention to it and dispute its existence from now until 1977.

Chiron's 50.68 year orbit around the Sun is mainly controlled by the gravitational attraction of Saturn. Its orbit is not as stable as most of the other solar system planets because of its close occasional passage by Saturn. Substantial stresses exerted between the 2 masses at that time have an opportunity to slightly modify the path of Chiron. This presents the distinct possibility that Chiron will be ejected from the Earth's solar system in 115,000 years, if it does not collide with a solar system planet during one of its orbits (1:1,600,000 passes probability; that is, once in 81 million years based on 50.68 x 1.6 million). As the solar system is believed by humans to be over 4 billion years old, Chiron may have already collided with a planet, or certainly approached very closely.

Chiron now travels at an orbit which at perihelion (closest to the Sun) reaches inside the orbit of Saturn, then at aphelion (furthest from the Sun) extends nearly as far as Uranus. Chiron's established distance from the Sun ranges from 8,509 to 18,881 astronomical units, that is, 791 million to 1,755 million miles, making a complete revolution around the Sun in about 50 years. This means that, in general terms, Chiron makes one solar revolution relative to every 4 of Jupiter; 3 for every 5 of Saturn; 2 for every 1 of Uranus.

From an astrological perspective, Chiron points to an area in one's life where there is a need to learn. Chiron's close relationship with Saturn suggest an are of astological chart influence characterized by discipline, severity, coldness, and, responsibility. Due to the orbit involved relative to the average human lifespan, this presents 1, 2 at most, periods during which an individual is challenged to be an authoritarian by character and a realist by thinking style (see Glossary: Harrison and Bramson, 1982).

Mythology relates Chiron to more civilized and well-mannered beasts who are friendly toward humans and act as protectors who teach humanity morals, music and medicine. Famous for this wisdon and the healing arts, Chiron was often an instructor/teacher guiding the young into maturity. He had much to do with awakening humanity in time to cope with certain challenging realities. Both the astrological and mythological personifications seek to demonstrate and describe the influence of the presence and position of the planet Chiron in subtly encouraging human personalities. The above conversion of invisble energy into personalized actions is the result.

While mythology attempts to gain the respect of simple-thinking humans and encourage their self-realization and forethought, astrology takes a further step and attempts to provide the forethinking individual who is more open to become self-aware the tools to do so. Since Chiron is not easily observed from the Earth in a regular fashion, and its influence is so infrequent in the daily lives of individuals, humanity will largely ignore its existence.

2,050 B.C.
The Dynasty of Ur III restores the Empire and temples of Sumer and Akkad and flourishes for about 100 years.
The kings of the city-states become provincial governors of the new Empire under the centralized authority of Shulgi. Trade connections were established with India and a highly developed state and temple economy led to the construction of great complexes dedicated to religious cults. Shulgi attempted to, and was successful in, establishing reverential authority from the people by undergoing what had become a traditional "sacred" marriage which proclaimed him god: marriage to the high priestess. The "sacred" marriage was established in the Dynasty of Ur 1. A vast bureaucratic organization developed. Fortifications were built to help protect the high standard of living from threats imposed by marauding bands which followed the trade routes with envy to the focus of many tales of unsurpassed wealth and ease of life.

Pride in material wealth and the high standard of living gained by the following of directions and use of technology made available "by the gods" was subverted by overpopulation. Cities with tens of thousands of inhabitants, unthinkable without great agricultural productivity, were built. The agricultural benefits were founded on the specialized uses of irrigation and an attention to planting cycles and pest reduction plus preservation of the produce according to "divine" principles passed on through the priesthood.

The priesthood largely represented technicians who learned the sciences brought from the stars.
As time progressed emphasis on the power of such science surpassed a reverence for it as those who used it became greedy for power, material wealth, and control over others in passion and lust. The populace also came to respect and fear the power of the clergy and king as "magic" and they increasingly sold their devotion and obedience (souls) to the ruling classes. Others saw the hypocracy and injustice that this engendered, and, with the decline in agricultural production, and increase in poverty and strife, allied themselves with enemies of the dynasty. Many came to expect that the "god from above" would return and assert authority and order so as to reestablish a just civilization.

The efficient agriculture of the region was dependent upon the use of irrigation.
Soil salinization caused by the extensive irrigation resulted in growing accumulations of mineral salts in the soils from the evaporation of the waters. As the soil became more saline, it also became less productive for salt destroys the vitality of plants. In toxic amounts, salts kill plants. Neither the workers nor the rulers nor the professional bureaucracy understood this principle. They had been shown a method which had worked in very powerful ways. Precautions and understanding had either not been given with the technology, had not been possible to communicate to the unsophisticated humans, or had been forgotten as less important than the possession and use of the power.

Agriculture had to shift from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley.
The society became dependent upon imported grains, and, at risk according to the availability and cost of such supplies. With a large centralized population, large bureaucracy, and decreasing productivity, the civilization became poorer and the standard of living declined. As it did, unrest grew until the empire collapsed. More vital, aggressive, individualistic, confident and innovative (less bureaucratic, dependent and slave-like) cultures assumed the direction of the region with little military action.

2,050 B.C.
"The Codes of Ur-Nammu" (2050 B.C.), and the Kingdoms of Eshnunna Isin (1900 B.C.) were in effect, though little remains. In particular, Ur-Nammu was acclaimed to have come to Earth from out of the heavens. The actual source was contemplation. He was made both a religious leader and a state administrator and legal authority. It was about this time that the nomadic Sumerians began using irrigation. With it, agriculture replaced herding and the surpluses obtained, together with the stability of residence location led to real estate possession and trading. Surpluses of food were exchanged for goods and luxuries from other regions.

Together, these developments attracted artisans, merchants, and labourer-servants.
A tendency of humanity, whatever the teachings of Ur were, they were largely lost through lack of communication, misunderstanding or miscommunication between succeeding generations of the clergy, and, long before Hammurabi, Ur became an idol of worship. The new technology of farming continued as his legacy.

The curse, to be realized centuries later, was that not understanding, or failing to maintain an understanding of the principles of irrigation, the soil would become sterile - when Babylonia-Sumeria was at its largest, most bureaucratic, most orderly and most dependent on other regions for its necessities. At the time of its collapse, there was a large professional and administrative class, a high economic dependence on trade, and numerous slaves and hired labourers.

2,045 B.C.
In the city of Knossos, Crete, private porcelain flush toilets, a central system of stone drains and ceramic pipes were common fixtures. The rooms of the palace of Minos were ventilated through air shafts. With its air-conditioned chambers, excellent bathrooms, and toilets, the palace was not only "modern" (such amenities were not available in more recent Europe or in North America until the 1800's), but it was also as large as the British Buckingham Palace.

2,000 B.C.
West Kennet Long Barrow, a chambered tomb mound, is built near modern-day Avebury in the southern English highlands.
Nearly 350 feet in length, 30 skeletons were later found inside. It was possibly used and reused for a period of 300 years. The relatively small number of skeletons suggests that only individuals of special significance were buried within. This is an area largely composed of chalk stone.

1,960 B.C.
The Wiltshire monuments, including a great stone circle of rough cut stones, are constructed in southern England near Avebury.

1,890 B.C.
Five-Foot Lightbulbs are employed to illuminate a subterranean tomb and temple at Dendera, Egypt, while artisans carve tens of thousands of figures and color intricate paintings on the walls and other surfaces. No traces of torch smoke or oil smudge would be found on the ceilings by later explorers. Pictures on the walls of Hall 5 of the Temple, have incised figures shown carrying these large light bulbs, each with an elongated filament inside, held by high-tension insulators and attached to braided cables which in turn are connected to a transformer.

French archaeologists exploring during the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt would be confused by pictures of what would modify the modern world 80 years later - the electric light. Future scientists, assuming that nothing of significance could have been constructed which was not contemporary, would interpret the drawings to be of "lotus offerings, snake stones, or cult offerings."

1,752 B.C.
The Code of Hammurabi was set forth in Sumeria.
Prior to this time, a largely oral tradition existed.
Manuscripts were now written on clay tablets which were often broken or disintegrated through time.
Copies were laboriously produced with the copyist or possessor of the manuscript enlarging or "correcting" it to accord with contemporary tradition. For this and other reasons the earliest literature of all kinds is seen on examination to be the work of many authors, and is commonly attributed to a great name, for others are unknown.

Such traditions, as A.S. Diamond notes, are "not merely factual or intellectual:
it expresses dreams and aspirations and is always some measure of the affective and ideal." This especially happens when the law is recorded and copied by persons other than those who legislated them or brought them into effect through court judgement. Although humanity had been present on the Earth long before Hammurabi, codes of law and conduct had been of largely a simplistic and oral nature, progressing little beyond the basics.

About one tenth of the known Hammurabi regulations impose capital sentences for a wide range of wrongs. Some of these included

"If a man puts out the eye of a free man, they shall put out his eye.
 If he breaks the bone of a free man, they shall break his bone.
 If he puts out the eye of a villein or breaks the bone of a villein, he shall pay 1 mina of silver.  

In cases where evidence was lacking for a clear verdict, the use of the ordeal as a manner of deciding guilt or evidence was within normal limits.

In matters of negligence leading to death, the person found responsible was executed.
If a man was killed by the collapse of a house built by the defendant, the sentence was death.
In other cases, where death had occurred but was neither intentional or by way of negligence, the matter could be settled with a compensatory sum.

In still further judgements of the matter of homicide, if it were the result of the behaviour of an animal, the animal would be declared unclean and sacrificed. Modern law often continues this practice today against dogs who bite strangers without provocation. In the case where a man might be gored to death by an ox which was known to its owner to have gored in the past, the owner could receive a death sentence. The concept of responsibility for negligence continues into North American law.

The Code provides monetary settlements for acts resulting in serious bodily injury.
Until no-fault insurance was instituted in North America recently, judgements against drivers for such claims were frequent.

Hammurabi's code was not concerned with matters of the market for all market transactions of the time were concerned with sales resulting from bartering ending in the mutual and reciprocal transfer of items of one type for items of another, including cash. Nor was intentional homicide a concern, for the burden of guilt (and responsibility) was obvious, and thereby, an expected and absolute penalty applied.

The code was very concerned with the economy of the state.
Labourers were paid wages and while there was an attempt to set wages and stabilize the pricing of goods, such does not appear to have been effective, once the economy began to decline. During the period of greater economic development, there was a continuing fall in the status of women, while men, the head of the household, continued to rise in importance as owner of all family property. Likewise, as owner, the man also became responsible for all debts owing by the family. The maximum rate of interest was limited to 33-1/3% per annum for loans of grain and 20% per annum for loans of silver. If a higher than legal rate of interest was collected, the principal was cancelled. Most loans were intended to be short-term, but a failed crop year could extend a 3-month loan into an 15-month loan. And if one's crop failed 2 years consecutively, the situation could become desperate.

Silver borrowed to finance a trade caravan could be fully lost if the goods were stolen by thieves, lost through mishap, or destroyed by other means. Often, persons so employed saw as the only opportunity for recovery from the first debt as further indebtedness to finance a second trade caravan. Such debts, if unable to be repaid through sale of property or goods, could be paid with the sale of either the male borrower or any of many family members or relatives. Labour only counted as interest on the debt. Under the law of Hammurabi, the debt had to be retired after 3 years; previously, the debtor could have remained a slave for life.

Release from debt, perhaps similar to the modern legal concept of insolvency were also enacted.
Marriages were by marriage contract. The Code sought to discourage debt with such sentences yet allowed risk to be taken if the individual so chose. At the same time marriages were considered extensions of the economy of the family and thereby necessitated a clear understanding of "ownership".

The state provided the citizen with a form of robbery and life insurance with the intent of such encouraging greater confidence in the government and the state, making the state responsible for the punishment of "criminals", thereby diminishing the complications of vengeance and the power of the individual while increasing the collective power of the citizenry against those who would harm any of the membership:

"If a man was robbed and the bandits were not caught, he should describe his loss before God and the local administration would make restitution for the loss. If a life was involved, then a specified sum of silver was paid to his family."

1,728-1,686 B.C.
Hammurabi expands the Babylonian empire.
Six states were rivals for control of the region: Larsa, Eshnunna, Babylon, Qatna, Aleppo, and Assur. Hammurabi formed an alliance with Larsa and Mari and waged war against the mountain tribes, Eshunna and Elam, and Assur. When the Alliance finally succeeded after 15 years of battle, Hammurabi overcame the leaders of his allies and became dominant ruler of the region.

1,700 B.C.
The Chiefs of the Foreign Lands ("Hyksos") made up of the Hurrians and Semitic tribes, invaded Egypt.
From this time, the sophistication and technical expertise demonstrated in the jewelry and architecture of Egypt begins to decline rapidly. Advances of the Indo-European groups from the north and east had encouraged the Hyksos to resettle southward and west. At first, they dominated Upper Egypt by means of their new battle technique, utilizing horses and chariots.

Prior to this time the power of the Pharaoh had begun to diminish as the feudal lords took greater independence; social changes accompanying the use of slaves and the accumulation of wealth led to uprisings and social disobedience as evidenced by the rebellion of the Hebrews arising from the restrictions placed on them out of fear of overthrow predicted by the Egyptian astrologers. Killing off the male infants, in additions to cruel treatment - ostensibly to preserve order- only ensured the weakening and challenging of the dynasty.

The Hyksos were resisted in their invasion (immigration); as captives (sanctioned laborers) they became slaves (indebted to the state). In modern times, we euphemistically refer to the same process as cultural and economic assimilation in which the immigrant assumes financial credit-debt which demands their employment, which subverts their morals. Reliance on the materialistic excludes the spiritual.

The Hyksos mounted resistance against the state peaceably, a most unusual political approach for humans, and eventually succeeded in escaping by using highly sophisticated knowledge and technology.
The Hyksos settled in Palestine.

On the journey to Palestine several remarkable events occurred.
As the Hebrews were fleeing away from Egypt towards the Red Sea with the Pharaoh and his army in quick pursuit:

"And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light; to go by day and night ... the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pilar of cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them: And it came between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel; and it was a cloud and darkness unto them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the one came not near the other all the night."
(Exodus 13,14)

Further on, after the crossing, the Lord gave very specific instructions to Moses concerning laws, worship procedures, materials and construction details for a building for worshipping in, an alter, garments for the priests, tables and the Ark of the Covenant. Gold was the most popular metal used, often over wood; the colours of blue, purple, and scarlet were used in anything woven. Many of the Laws were very similar to those of Hammurabi of Babylon (1728-1686) and the theology was similar to that of the Hurrians. Both would have had contact with the Sumerians.

God was very specific about the use of metals and the construction of an altar such that neither could be used for the idolatrous means which the Jews and much of non-band society humans are historically drawn towards:

"Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.

An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.

And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone; for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.

Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon."
Exodus 20: 23-26

God is saying that using a specialized skill to make goods and objects which do not find a practical daily use is forbidden. That is, anything which is to be used for reverent purposes should not be constructed in such a manner as to signify the identity of the human builder. Doing so will attract attention to the builder rather than concentrating one's attention on the reverence of the act involved. Once that attention is "polluted" with the pride of personal skill, riches, achievement - destructive and unspiritual emotions within the human community (envy, pride, possessiveness, insecurity, greed, humiliation, rejection, dependency) are likely to be encouraged to the loss of the spiritual aptitudes promoted by a practice of reverence (acknowledgement, humility, security, sharing, self-esteem, acceptance, self-sufficiency).

In order to likewise ensure non-competitiveness in the religious ceremonies, God also described the form and colouration of the garments to be worn. Worship of God was not to have any suggestion of materialism. Such characteristics of imperial power would always lead to much sorrow for humanity, and before long they would be resumed. Walk into almost any church of any institutionalized religion in the world and you will find finely crafted symbols and images and alters which represent idols: objects to which reverence is shown.

The Hurrian theology of 2000 B.C. centred around the God of the Weather (Tesud), the Goddess of the Sun (Chepat), and the Father of the Gods (Kumarabi). By comparison, the Hebrews received a theology including God the Holy Ghost (or Holy Spirit), God the Son (Christ-Messiah-Way), and God the Father (Jehovah/Yahweh). Unlike most other peoples in the region, the Hurrians wrote on stone slabs; Moses received the Commandments on stone slabs. The Babylonians and Sumerians wrote on clay tablets. Much of the Hebrew early writings were on hides which quickly decomposed. Egyptian writings, with the exception of pyramid and tomb frescos, was on papyrus, which quickly turned to dust.

1,660 B.C.
Taoism originates in the spiritual experiences of "mystics" living in the area north of China.
It emphasized the "Order of Nature"; the way the universe worked. Unlike the intellectualism of Confucianism, to arise later, Taoism encouraged its believers to confirm their beliefs by going into the world and practising them. Manual labour could be as beneficial in experiencing an understanding of life and the world as use of the mind could. The shamans who originated it believed that by the use of ritual dance, ecstasy, and astral projection, the spiritual elements of reality could be controlled and that by so doing sicknesses of the body and mind could be cured and good hunting and harvests could be assured. This meditative contemplation and movement was designed to place the intellectualization of the individual into a form of limbo state temporarily so as to allow access to a silent form of Universe-awareness which could provide knowledge beyond the scope of human imagination or rationalization.

There was an emphasis on the spontaneity and unity of reality.
Change, action, and reaction were parts of that reality.
If one seeks security and comfort, one is best to become aware of the patterns of interactions and behaviours evidenced through their own experience and observation. If one does not reach a state of awareness separated from the rational ego, one cannot become aware of the real options nor know for certain which option is most constructive. Taoism invites the study of pure science: knowledge not to justify what we want or need but rather to provide us with a basis of truth. Impartial attention is revered. Without anticipation nor fear, one's perception of reality is more accurate.

Characteristics of behaviour, whether of heavenly bodies or of humans, plants, animals, ... are understood to "have their natural tendencies". Nature is understood to be independent of human standards and self-creating: humans are not capable of being gods. A recognition of the Yin-Yang principle of action-relaxation, male-female, dominant-passive was elemental.

Peace came through contemplation, yet contemplation was not a form of inactivity but rather an active form of relaxation. Respiratory techniques and breathing exercises, sun-bathing, gymnastic exercises and sexual methods all contributed to the maintenance of one's health and longevity, which Taoist believed could be extended to physical immortality.

1,650-1,125 B.C.
The Mycenaean Civilization grows in Greece.
1550 B.C. Cecrops, a descendant of the central Atlantic Atlantis founds Cecropia. The name was later changed to Athens , about 949 B.C., by Erechtheus in honour of the god Athene (or, Athena). In mythical representation (all political leaders are remembered by the mythical media images they represent), Athena was a female god who represented rationalized strategy in war. Earlier characterization of the warrior chieftain , Ares (Mars), was usually of a male who waged battle on the basis of intolerance, betrayal, anger, revenge, lust, insecurity, rage, or greed. Athena rationalized war by replacing personal emotional desires with intellectualized "state" justifications.

History would become a political tool.
No longer would history simply be oral entertainment in the evenings.
History would become a lifestyle mentor. The memory of military victories would be used to imprint a sense of honour, duty and pride. Insecurity would be twisted into pride; shame replaced with duty; greed would become acceptable as material benefit to the community. The recounts of military failures would be used to extend intolerance into domination, betrayal into shame, anger into hatred, revenge into deception, lust into rape, rage into manipulation.

War was to become more "civilized".
That is, its reality would become dissociated from fact and more a matter of self-deception, fantasy, and a means justified by an excuse. The new politics would make use of concepts like a "war for peace," "honour through duty" (subservience to authority), "strategy and tactics" rather than assault. When advantageous, negotiation would be used to delay military action, enable deception and manipulation, or, to enable conquest by verbal battle.

The idolatry of the rational approach to war would be signified with images and symbols:

       female beauty       - to satisfy lust
 the Gorgon's Head (snakes) - to become feared
    attitude of confidence - to convey pride
     thoughtful reflection - to devise deception
        a gold helmet      - to make use of technology
    the dress of a matron  - to appear innocent
           an owl          - to be cunning in strategy
           a cock          - to be dominant and possessive
      an olive branch      - for stamina against all challenges
          a lance          - to kill with skill, from safety

To the degree that peace prevailed and the persona became an ethic of the culture, the primary reaction motivators, above would become more dissociated from reality and more "acceptable" as
signs of sophistication and personal materialism:

       female beauty        - to signify attraction
 the Gorgon's Head (snakes) - to suggest sensuality
    attitude of confidence  - to convey preparedness
     thoughtful reflection  - to denote rationalism
         a gold helmet      - to provide protection
    the dress of a matron   - to appear motherly
           an owl           - to be intelligent
           a cock           - to denote authority
      an olive branch       - for an expectation of peace
          a lance           - for athleticism

Creating a mass culture with synonymous assumptions and expectations takes time, persistence, and consistency. Without a mass culture, mass war, mass technology, mass domination, and mass hysteria cannot be generated. Politics is power: longer-term control and security. Human societies mass together under the threat, or, the reality of threat. Threat arises when reverence has been lost and spiritual guidance forgotten (faith lost). A typical human scenario: spiritual guidance followed > material and emotional benefits > development of confidence and risk > irreverence and pride > catastrophe > blame God > become idolatrous > greater catastrophe > ... humility > spiritual guidance followed > .... Any pattern can be broken - it's all a matter of choice.

1,550 B.C.
White-skinned Caspians from North Africa had reached the Bushmen tribes of South-West Africa.
Together they are pictured in rock paintings with the Caspians demonstrating perfect European profiles with a light tinted skin, and red or yellow hair. Attractive young huntresses are portrayed carrying bows and waterbags on their chests. They are wearing shoes, whereas the black-skinned Bushmen are not. These girls have long torsos, headdresses and garter-like crossbands on their legs - quite a contrast from the short, bare-headed, naked, hunter-gatherer Bushmen.

This is the Kalahari (native translation = "salt pans") Desert region today.
Until 1750, the area was much better watered with lakes, running streams and forest and grassland.
It has no mountains and few hills. Large crater-like depressions are found all over the region.
Great apes, elephant, rhinoceros, giraffe, springbok, hartebeest, tasesaebe, duiker, stembok, kudu, wildbeest, eland, wild dogs, ostrich, lion, snakes, porcupine, leopards, hyena, nogapotsane, tsetse fly, butterflies, moths, and mosquitoes were once abundant and it was a prolific hunting area.

The nogapotsane was first recorded in the 1880's.
A snake-like being, it ranges in length from 25 to 40 feet and is very thick.
It is said to have a short horn in the middle of its forehead.
It has 4 leg stumps on the underside of its body. Its head is like that of a snake, but it has "more of a face", for it has a nose with nostrils. The animal is able to emit some form of paralysing spray or "smoke" from its nostrils and while doing so it appears able to create a cold wind, witnessed by many, but inexplicable. Its cry is like that of a goat.

1,531 B.C.
Babylon is Sacked by the Hittites, led by King Mursilis I.
Much of the knowledge of the time was retained by oral tradition or on clay writing surfaces (tablets).
If revenge, intolerance, aggressiveness and ruthless didn't result in the killing of all of the teachers of the captured state, or result in the destruction of the clay tablets - the new political autocrats would retain and modify according to their own liking or culture whatever knowledge was to be found. Probably because the tablets could not be read and because they were on clay (the Hittites, a herding nomadic tribe, preferred hide wrting media), 20,000 would later be found in the palace of Mari.

Wars were still largely tribal affairs of the time.
Hunters and gatherers never consider war as an alternative or try to rationalize its use.
When severely abused by their neighbours or invaders they will attempt to defend themselves. Tribes are specifically organized to be larger groups the activities of which, for defence or offence are co-ordinated by a leader. Population pressure and a decreasing standard of living provide a basis from which human military leaders evolve. Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome, abandoned by their parents (by reason of domestic or civil violence, war, desertion, famine, illness, or injury), or subjected to abuse by parents of alcoholics or irresponsible parents - tend to most often become a source of ruthless, hateful leaders.

The combined destructive influence of an inadequate lifestyle and abuse brings together the ingredients for a tribe: a dominant leader and a low self-esteem population. Soon, the cultural the cultural characteristics for a "sacking" are combined. Intolerance, toxic shame, impatience, aggression, envy, possessiveness, greed, ruthlessness, revenge, and irreverence become a deadly, intense, and desperate force. Wars become predicated on the projected humiliation, rejection, betrayal, rage, lust, or insecurity of the leader. His followers are offered the material reward of the possessions and bodies of the intended adversaries: whatever you capture, you can take. This tribal dynamic would continue to be present into the 1900s A.D.

"Sackings" become an extension of this destructive intensity.
Excited by a frenzy of fear, encouraged by greed and lust, and enraged by the humiliation of former defenses, or sackings, by the adversary - the attacking mob seek to burn, destroy, steal, rape, and murder everything in sight. Faced with the prospect of rejection, humiliation, and, possibly execution by one's own tribe for refusing to participate, the soldier afraid of death and injury is encouraged by mob influence to act out in a murderous frenzy, sanctioned and rewarded by his culture.

Others, emboldened by the trauma of unresolved emotional pain (grief over the death of a loved one killed by an adversary, rage over the humiliation of the rape of a relative by an adversary, greed fostered by envy of the material wealth of the adversary) advance in denial of the risk to their own lives - they are spiritually dead already. Sackings are a spiritual cancer for humans: they enlarge and spread the spiritual destructiveness from which they originate. Every time an innocent person is brutalized, 10 relatives and friends are likely to build anger into hate and hate can be triggered into rage.

Astrologically, the Aries Age (2323 B.C to 180 BC) is an expectation of tribal wars and sackings. To the extent that these events are more present during this time period than other, the predictable nature of astrological conclusions is demonstrated.

1,520 B.C.
Moses leads and counsels the Jewish people.
He was initiated into the secrets of the Egyptian pharaohs by the deception of the pharaoh's (Ramses II) daughter. She discovered him as an infant discarded into a stream in a basket in the mother's hope that he would escape the death commanded by the pharaoh of all male infants. Accepted as the son of the pharaoh's daughter, Moses received the most high training in Egypt to prepare him for his adult position of royalty. Grown, and in a position of authority, he was supervising a work detail one day and saw Hebrew captives/slaves being beaten by an Egyptian officer/manager. In attempting to stop the abuse, he killed the officer and in fear buried the body in the sand. Fearing for his life, he left the region, was accepted amongst herders in the countryside, married and began a family.

At one point while near a mountain and far from the more populated areas, he was visited by an "angel" which came down from the heavens in a "flame of fire" that was so bright that it appeared to be burning the bush between himself and it. He was instructed to organize the Hebrews and lead them to freedom from the enslavement of the pharaoh. To assist him he used principles of physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and biology - many of which he had learned fro the teachings of the high priests of Egypt - some of which the civilizations of the 1990s are still uncovering. He used this knowledge and that given to him by the "angels" to diminish the power of the Egyptians by raising fear in them.

Moses turned a "serpent", rigid by animal hypnotism, from a "rod" into an alive, moving serpent.
The pharaoh's priests did likewise. We know this can be easily done today with alligators and other reptiles. He used chemicals to colour and poison the drinking waters in lakes and rivers resulting in the death of the fish, which rotted and made the water stink. Brazilian natives use chemicals from crushed leaves to kill fish in their streams. The pharaoh's "magicians" could also do this.

Then, Moses used plagues of frogs, lice, and flies to influence the pharaoh.
The priests again duplicated the efforts of Moses by producing frogs, but could not do also with the lice and flies. In the 1990s we use ultrasonics to both attract and repel insects. By introducing specific viruses into colonies we can engineer their growth in numbers, by killing their natural predators, or decrease their numbers by having a virus kill them directly. We can harvest and grow massive amounts of eggs, which, protected from natural predation, are adequate for any plague.

In another display, Moses throws dust into the air in front of the pharaoh and his magicians and they all become covered with boils and skin irritations. We can do this today also by releasing some ancient moulds, toxic chemicals or radioactive fallout. We now call this biological warfare and we have spent billions on its development in the late 1990s. Miracles are most often natural phenomenon or the operation of high technology which operates beyond our capability for understanding or conception.

With the pharaoh becoming impatient at these aggravations from someone demanding that he set free the majority of the Egyptian cheap labour force, the pharaoh agreed once again, for he had agreed and then revoked a release several times before, to let the Hebrews go free. During their final escape, the Egyptians again pursued them and at the Red Sea, Moses' wisdom of geology, climatology, meteorology, - enabled him to lead the people across the Red Sea during a short synchronicity of tide, typhoon, and geological uplift.

Having crossed over the Red Sea, the synchronicity subsided, the waters rejoin and the pursuing Egyptians drown. Moses grants all credit for this wisdom to a God which has given him not only the secrets of the most high Egyptian priests but has bettered them with new information provided by an "angel" who came from the heavens, and his confidence in their support has maintained his and his assistant Aaron's courage to challenge the pharaoh.

1,520 B.C.
The Hebrew "Ark of the Covenant" was to contain the tables of the Laws, Aaron's rod and a vase filled with manna: the most important symbols of their religion and freedom. Built as a rectangular box made of wood, lined with gold inside and out, we would regard it today as a huge electrical condenser: two conductors separated by insulation. The region it was usually in was dry, where the natural magnetic field normally reaches 500 to 600 volts per vertical meter. It may even have contained batteries like those found in Babylonia. It was carried by two wooden staves overlaid with gold (Exodus 37). Four rings of gold were fastened, one at each corner of the ark, two on each long opposing side. The staves were passed through the rings and only a special group of people were allowed to carry it.

The Lord cautioned Moses that whenever the Ark, table or altar (all gold over wood) were to be moved that the bearers

"shall not touch any holy thing lest they die." (Numbers 4)
With each item, they were to cover it first either with a blue cloth covered with badger's skins or cover the unit with badger's skins and they wrap it in a blue cloth (depending on which article was being moved). And as time progressed, Moses died, and few persons understood the electrical significance which provided protection to these sacred articles. David became king and wished the Ark moved to a new location; it was put on a new cart pulled by oxen. And while all were playing musical instruments along the procession the wagon "came to Nachon's threshing floor, Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Uzzah; and God smote him for his error; and there he died by the arm of God. ... And David was afraid of the Lord that day, and said, How shall the ark of the Lord come to me?"

Was Uzzah killed by electric shock?
If so, Moses knew or was instructed in highly advanced electrical theory (which modern humanity believe they discovered over 3000 years later) in the making of a self-protecting strongbox more efficient than any designed until recent times.

If highly sophisticated knowledge was available with the capacity for great power, why was it kept secret amongst only a few? The writings of Moses provide insight into reasons why it might be considered evil to share such knowledge with persons who were not of a uniquely superior spiritual nature:

Church of Latter Day Saints, Pearl of Great Price, Moses 3,4,5.
"the Lord God , created all things, of which I have spoken, spiritually, before they were naturally upon the face of the earth. ... And I, the Lord God, planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there I put man whom I had formed. And out of the ground made I, the Lord God, to grow every tree, naturally, that is pleasant to the sight of man; and man could behold ir. And it became also a living soul. For it was spiritual in the day that I created it; for it remaineth in the sphere in which I, God, created it, ... planted the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and also the tree of knowledge of good and evil. ... But the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it, nevertheless, thou mayest choose for thyself, for it is given unto thee; but remember that I forbid it, ... I, the Lord God, formed every beast ... and they were also living souls ....

For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it became pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make her wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and also gave unto her husband with her, and he did eat. ...Unto the woman, I, the Lord God, said: I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children, ... Were it not for our transgression we never should have had seed, and never should have known good and evil, and the joy of our redemption, and the eternal life which God giveth unto all obedient. ... and they loved Satan more than God. And men began from that time forth to be carnal, sensual, and devilish."

When humanity was oblivious to laws of property, wealth, usury/slavery, authority, power, planning, sacrifice, science - there was little chance of iniquities: envy, anger, gluttony, greed, lust, pride, sloth, vice. In the "primitive" less materialistic existence of hunter-gatherer living in a jungle region surrounded by food and natural beauty and devoid of harsh climate and a rising population, life on earth would have been one of constant activity without harshness. Once humans began developing their intellectual-rational capabilities, and/or received knowledge, the prospects for the accumulation of power were endless.

The hunter-gatherer needed to constantly remain active through the day, relaxing from time to time and enjoying time with family and friends: reality was now; reality was what you saw or knew where you had seen something. Knowing what was to be done next came from natural desires for food, excretion, washing, caring for, and sleep. Beyond that, you asked a Supreme Spirit for guidance. Imagination was unnecessary and slothful and would lead to hunger or rejection.

That all changed when humans learned or focused on the ability to rationalize and imagine.
One could imagine the benefits of planning, organizing, planting, farming, herding - and excess produce beyond one's needs could be traded or used to buy social, political or military power. A more starch and meat centred diet would enable meals that sustained one longer and provided more idle time. No longer did immediate needs motivate one, and material plenty lessened one's humility and readiness to ask the Supreme Spirit for guidance.

Material wealth encouraged a sense of control, authority, superiority - godliness.
Idleness would encourage imagination, pride, independence and egotism which could lead to envy, gluttony, greed, lust, sloth. Material wealth or its lack could encourage obsessiveness towards accumulating wealth, power, pleasure (as justification for sacrifice). Frustration and perceived alienation or abuse arising out of obsessions would encourage anger, hate, violence and wars. With the knowledge of this probable direction of development for humanity, it would require stupidity or arrogance to want to know, for oneself, what was good or evil. Which was it?

1,500 B.C.
The earliest record of smallpox epidemics is made in India.
Called "The Spotted Death" and "The Great Fire".
Due to the infrequency of long distance travel and the movement on foot and low density of humanity at this time, it would not be seen on other continents for more than another 1,000 years. A virus with a great capacity for spreading from one human to another, it could be spread by a blanket which had covered an infected person who had lesions. The virus had only one host: humans. Between 1600 and 1800, it would be credited with the death of as many as 600,000 people per year in Europe.

1,500-1,000 B.C.
"Tao" (the Way) is at the centre of the religion of the Shang Dynasty in early China.
It presents principles believed to guide the universe. A feudal state is established in northeastern Hunan under a king with priestly functions. Symbolic script is used by oracular priests. The "sublime heavens" and the spirits of ancestors, and nature are also revered. By 1400 B.C. Chinese script contained more than 2500 characters, most of which can still be read.

The spiritual principles that appear to have even predated this period are set aside for secular materialism and power in the Western Chou Dynasty of 1000-770 B.C. and in the Eastern Chou Dynasty of 770-256, centralized political power becomes bureaucratized and fragmented. Between 551-479 Confucius founds an ethical system, strengthened by religion, which stresses humanitarianism and integrity in business and social relationships. During the 500s, Lao-tze, a mystic, taught the principle that human society was to be governed by the wise man. The Chan-kuo period (403-221) was evidenced by professional bureaucrats, increasing importance of cities, increasing differentiation between poor and wealthy and continual warring between the separate states.

Civil unrest and war rose in frequency throughout the period of the dynasties, the privileged diminished in wealth, and the merchants became the dominant class as the nobility depended upon them increasingly for the funds necessary to maintain their lifestyle and position. Power ruled, not wisdom.

This sociological pattern of spiritual-political-military-economic-chaos development appears repeatedly throughout human history. In general, a spiritual basis for organizing declines over the period in question, while materialism and inequities grow in dominance. At the end of the cycle, once powerful, highly knowledgeable and technical civilizations become weak fragments within a succeeding civilization. In Biblical terms:

St. Matthew 12:43-45
When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he ... seeketh ... and findeth none. Then he saith, I will return into my house from whence I came out; and when he come, he findeth it empty, swept and garnished. Then goeth he and taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first.

I Corinthians 15:45-47
And so it is written. The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is the Lord from heaven.

Mark 10:23,27,31
How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God! ...With men it is impossible, but not with God: for with God all things are possible. ...But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.

The Church of Latter Day Saints, Doctrine and Covenants 29:41,42
Wherefore I, the Lord God, caused that he should be cast out from the Garden of Eden, from my presence, because of his transgression, wherein he became spiritually dead, which is the first death, ....

If spacebeings came to the Earth and envied a physical existence here in what was then a "Garden of Eden" in relation to their own destroyed, compromised or soon to be destroyed world, they might have attempted to interbreed with human ancestors in hopes of continuing and sharing their own level of wisdom as well as "uplifting" what may have appeared to be a barbaric existence lived by pre-humans, who were likely to become extinct without the assistance of increased rational-intellectual capabilities.

Human races cross-breed frequently; at times there is resistance to the practice and sometimes it is considered a mark of advancement. For the spacebeings, the bioengineering experiment would have changed their state from one of highly spiritual to one of highly physical as their more spiritual form took on more physical characteristics than in the past. For the pre-humans, their physical form and innocence would have been modified to one of greater intellectual AND spiritual ability.

What if the spacebeings believed in a Spiritual God of the Universe, demonstrated in the lifeforce of all living things; harmonized by following the principles of the universe, as a son follows the guidance of a good and caring father; the capacity of themselves, and presumably others, to access this wisdom or benefit from this guidance by a process of meditation/prayer during which spiritual contact could be established with the Spirit of the Universe through the agency of the Holy Spirit: access to which was by sincere humility - which freed the mind from the preoccupations of physical needs and ego pride and fear, plus faith/trust which inspired effort to seek direction, reflect on one's weaknesses, and commit to change or steadfastness as directed.They would try to pass on such a legacy to their new companions with the hope that such beliefs would guide their use of the newly enlarged intellectual skills.

The biggest challenge in this bioengineering experiment is:
How effective can the communication and transference of highly technical, highly scientific, and highly spiritual concepts be to a new lifeform whose origin is that of a primitive mammal? If the new human (Adam) does not develop spiritual and intellectual skills quickly relative to the death of the original spacebeings, most of the guidance intended will be lost, misinterpreted or misused - as the genetic of the humans continually encourage them to focus on those attributes necessary for physical survival.

This is especially aggravated if the bioengineering results in the new human being incapable of internal production of vitamin C, like other earth animals, promoting a continuous mating capacity and sex drive. The "aggravations" attendant on this development are those of greatly increased population growth with a decided disinclination to recognize same as a source of further problems and a constant state of denial as to its control of human destiny. Increasing population has been adequately described in all cultural histories as leading to territorial possession and expansion, military cost in resources and lives, constant focus on material stability and wealth.

Human history shows that the experiment has largely failed.
Today, the REDS hold the position of not interfering in the destiny of mankind by resolving human disputes directly in order to prevent mass human suffering, perhaps by cultural guilt as much as by spiritual superiority. Nevertheless, they do attempt to enhance and redirect human history by "implanting" volunteer spirits ("Walk-ins") which introduce concepts and technology with specific application for human benefit and decreased disharmony.

1,500 B.C.
The Ebers Papyrus is dated from this year.
It contains over 800 herbal remedies, including castor oil.
Ancient herbalists believed that there was an herb to treat every disease and often several for each set of symptoms. While some herbs and teas have an anti-bacterial or an anti-fungal influence, many are effective by strengthening and supporting the immune responses of the human body. It was found that particular herbs strengthened or weakened the activities and capabilities of specific organs. The equation was sometimes made more complex by a second organ being weakened by the strengthening of the first.

Challenging a series of organs, as in detoxification, could prove dangerous and even fatal if one of the series of organs was already too weak to survive the collective challenge. In such a situation, the healthful and professional approach would be to strengthen each organ in the series which was found to be weak; then, cleanse the system of organs. Still other herbs were used to negate disease preserving and inviting conditions attached to feelings by encouraging a relaxation of tension, ease of sleep, a contentedness of mood, or, a reduction of pain or sensation. At least a few were utilized as aphrodisiacs desired for a great range of motives, attitudes and symptoms.

Hormones were certainly used from this time and possibly for centuries before to serve the vanity and lust of humans, to effect a better balance of health for some, and to remedy real and imagined ailments of impotence and sexual vigour. While human scientists would not begin to define, segregate, and understand hormones until well into the 1900s, humans, especially of the materially advantaged classes, would use them. Hormones are available in some herbs, in many "ductless" endocrine organs in Earthly organic bodies, and in the blood of Earth-based animals. In the 1900s several synthetic hormones would be produced.

Hormones are practically indestructible chemical catalysts.
A very small amount can produce a considerable amount of nervous, muscular, and glandular activity.
Heating (cooking) substances containing hormones will not likely destroy them.
There are 222 hormones in the human body; less than 1/3rd were separated and defined by the mid-1980s by humans. Reading a list of what hormones are responsible for activating is like reading an index to what signifies life. Hormones can stimulate digestive processes, structural and glandular development, immune system activation, sexual characteristic formation and ability to reproduce, water balance, tissue relaxation and constriction, heart rate, degree of awareness, increased speed of activity, pain threshold variation, increased hardness of bones, elevation of levels of electrolytes, density of haemoglobin, increased mental focusing, and, many other functions.

In modern (1996) mass media concepts, hormones are the broadcast stations in an interactive pattern of communication between the media producers, advertisers and technicians, and the consuming public. Hormones do not make the signals, modify the signals, decide on signal content, or, assess the acceptability or effectiveness of the signal: they amplify the signal. They replace the hard wiring transmission of nerve strings networked with throughout the body with a transmission capable of speeding faster, and more directly, through the bloodstream from source to destination. Like microwaves travelling through the air, hormones are neither limited by nor delayed by the speed of the blood media coursing through the human or animal body. Hormones are like unsophisticated missiles: once launched, they cannot be called back - the power which they activate must be expended. Hormones are elemental for animal life to succeed; their release control determines whether their influences are destructive or positive.

With aphrodisiacs, one is concerned only about a small group of 53 hormones.
This set of catalysts increase skin sensitivity, engorge erotic organs with blood, raise heart rate, allow repetitive alternating intense contraction and relaxation of muscles, decrease digestive activity, focus neural responses, increase and decrease specific scent sensitivities, modify water balance, and, a wide range of other responses. It is a common misconception and mislearning of many humans that hormones are only naturally present in animals. Much of the sensual pleasure received from and the emotional changes contributed by the tasting and eating of spiced foods originates with the hormones present in those combinations.

Some common "aphrodisiac" herbs used in cooking food include cinnamon, cloves, coriander, cubeb pepper, garlic, gentian, ginger, kola, marjaram, mint, nutmeg, onions, paprika, radishes, saffron, sage, tarragon, thyme, pepper. Onions, garlic, leeks and beans would even be considered so effective as to be magical, and, for that reason, would be prohibited by some governments from mention in written works. Some of these herbs have strong antiseptic or antifungal properties and are used in the preservation of foods also. Every meat, especially if raw, contains hormones of this variety; meats would be prohibited from use in India by way of religion. Milk, sometimes with honey, licorice, the testicle of a ram or goat, butter, onion, jasmine or various kinds of seeds (fennel, urid, hemp), nuts or roots (trapa bispinosa and the kasurika plant) boiled in it - contained several kinds of hormones for these purposes. Honey is also considered an aphrodisiac though it contains no hormones. Salt, which increased water retention and distended the skin, also served to heighten one's sensual sensitivity and was considered an aphrodisiac.

Specialized herbs including mandrake, ninjin, ginseng, satyrion, cantharides, haschisch, spikenard, myrrh, and still other hormone-carrying herbs, have such dramatic influence as to be dangerous to use and capable of inducing fatality. Particularly, herbs and substances which have irritating qualities when applied externally, have the potential to do both local and systemic damage as well as longer-term discomfort. Such substances were suggested for they markedly increased the sensitivity of one's skin, even as a sunburn may. Applications of sauces and cremes including, exclusively or in combination, pitch, honey and ginger, Spanish Fly, hot pepper, cardamom, gall from a jackal, various kinds of mushrooms, quinine, coconut, red sulphide of arsenic, borax. Drinks were also made of some of these to which might be added opium, frankincense, cinnamon, cloves, cardamons and/or ginger. Mild forms of flagellation (slapping, spanking, whipping) were also recommended as forms heightening skin sensitivity through artificial external means.

Other aphrodisiac substances containing aerosol disbursed hormones include most perfume compounds and flower fragrances. Substances added to primitive perfumes included rosewater, musk, myrrh, camphor, alcohol, and the oils of many crushed flower petals.

Abuses could lead to inflammations and diseases of the skin, digestive disturbances, weakness of heart, and irritability of nerves. Abuses frequently led to impotence for a variety of reasons. Some foods were debilitating to the human system posing complexities in digestion, producing internal toxins, or, altering the internal balance so as to encourage the development of destructive bacteria and fungi. Foods which were considered representative of this category would include beer, pastries, cheeses, tomatoes, alcohol, and later, coffee. In short, foods which were "heavy" on the stomach - and made one feel tired and lazy, as well as foods which acted as substitutes for balanced nutrition - thereby weakening the immune abilities of the body - were disadvantageous for healthy sexual activity. A healthy body and emotional balance contributed to healthy sexual and sensual expression.

Anti-aphrodisiac substances are worthy of note as they have become more popular in mass populations of high density and in which capital-based occupations such as industry and commerce are primary. In general, these substances are effective in diffusing the influence of the aphrodisiac hormones by debilitating the complete biological system of the individual. Their ability to either alter the blood medium by increasing its acidity, decreasing its oxygen carrying capacity, compelling the activation of anti-erotic processes, and the ability to create deception and disorientation within the brain contribute to an "out-of-it" awareness. Substances with a centuries-long acknowledged ability in this direction include these: greasy foods, tobacco (sniffed, chewed, or smoked), extended fasting, excessive alcohol, excessive refined sugar, coffee, black (fermented) teas, tomatoes, cucumber skins, white rice, refined white flour, artificial food colouring chemicals, chocolate, and any chemical which tires the body as well as any herb or vegetable which tranquilizes the system.

Activities and processes which draw heavily upon the individual's own hormone resources are also effective anti-aphrodisiacs. Some of these include stress-induced exhaustion (whether from anxiety, fear, or physical labour), overstimulation from long hours of uninterrupted infant or child care, overstimulation from the continual wearing of silk clothing, negative shame-based attitudes, nausea and headache symptoms of illness, excessive rationalization, and intense negative emotions (hate, rage, revenge). Anti-aphrodisiac herbs tend to promote relaxation and meditative states; anti-aphrodisiac substances tend to promote conditions of illness; anti-sensual activities are those which deplete bodily reserves of hormones required for sensual participation, or, deplete the energy resources required when activation is called for.

The beneficial and balanced use of herbs can be quite complex and is usually individualized.
While the primary purpose of any professional herbalist is to discern and provide individual herbal "recipes" in accord with the individual requirements of a person intending to maintain or achieve balanced health, humans frequently seek for changes which respond to their anxieties, fears, self-obsessiveness, possessiveness, pride, envy, lust, and other forms of spiritual weakness.

Bureaucratic attempts to allow politicians to force a more spiritually positive form of behaviour on one's subjects will only lead to secretive practices which are far more dangerous to the recipient for there is no accountability before the public for such practices. There is always a danger in trying to regulate or institutionalize the use of herbs with any concept of standardized use recommendations. Each person is different in their biological heredity, life experiences, interpersonal contacts, personal diet, emotional balance as well as physical and spiritual strength. Attempts to provide this simplification or the misunderstanding of this artistic nature of application necessary will often lead to misapplications, diminished health, and, in some cases, death.

The informed and positive use of herbs provides the individual with a high degree of control over one's lifestyle and choices. This degree of individual freedom will challenge any other form of social, religious, or political heman authority. The level of self-responsibility, humility, and empathy required to utilize herb use constructively and safely will challenge individual humans as to their degree of spiritual strength.

1499-1450 B.C.
The Earth was struck twice by the tail of an Enormous Comet during this 52-year period, according to Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979). This comet had erupted from the direction of Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system. The influence of these collisions resulted in tidal waves, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions which radically altered the geography of the Earth.

Velikovsky would further conjecture that perhaps whole continents, like Atlantis, sank into the oceans while new landmasses were raised from the sea bed. The sky may have rained fire, noxious gases, and millions of white-hot rock and tektite fragments. The two magnetic poles may have reversed or at least fluctuated in position. Further, the comet may have threatened the stability of Mars as it passed before its striking the planet we know today (1996) as Venus. Venus would be extremely hot owing to its recent near miss with another planet, and it would have high concentrations of hydrocarbons in its atmosphere and a disturbed rotation. These aspects about Venus were confirmed in the latter 20th century.

Velikovsky predicted correctly that the Moon would have strong magnetic activity, that its surface would have a carbide and aromatic hydrocarbon content, and that Jupiter would be found to give out strong radio emissions. These predictions would also be proven to be correct. Most of Velikovsky's concepts were expressed in his book, Worlds in Collision - its publication would be blocked by the scientific and political establishment. For many years, before most of his findings were proven correct, his work would be published by magazines such as Harpers and Reader's Digest - where it was generally presumed to be science fantasy.

1,460 B.C.
Stonehenge is constructed in the southern English highlands, near modern-day Avebury.
Built of smoothed stones, some were quarried 240 miles away in Wales.
The largest stone was brought from over 20 miles away. The nature of the region itself is rough chalk stone. If only rollers and ropes had been fashioned and used to transport the stones, it would have taken the labour of 1000 men several years to complete the task of transfer alone. It was used as an eclipse predictor for at least 400 years.

While comet passes are difficult for humans to calculate, in 1996, near misses of asteroids are impossible to predict; a significant impact by either would prove catastrophic for many humans. Eclipses are much more significant for humans: they can be timed; they are dramatic visually; unless understood, they inspire fear and terror; when understood, they often inspire fascination; eclipses have often encouraged humans to expect disaster and take actions which are presumed capable of preventing that disaster - sacrifices.

1,456 B.C.
The Elliptical Orbit of a planet which has been intersecting the orbit of the Earth and resulting in near misses about every 50,000 years comes too close to the Earth on this pass. As it nears the Earth it fragments due to a factor known as "Roche's Limit". The gravitational forces of the two bodies shatter the smaller planetary mass, by natural characteristics fragile in original composition.

Damage to the Earth is immense and results from a large infusion of meteorite fragmentation into the atmosphere as well as sufficient torsional influence to twist the Earth's crust such that geologically weakened regions fracture, particularly along the mid-Atlantic Ridge where increasing oceanic pressure has distended the crust downward by as much as 300 feet (100 metres). At least 2/3rds of the smaller and more fragile planet disintegrate and form into the asteroid belt later to be discovered.

The "snowfall" of meteoric dust and debris together with the extensive atmospheric entry explosions combines with the gases, ash and steam greatly expelled into the air to result in wide-ranging regions being covered with thick, toxic, stickly clouds of material. Many people die in the most disastrously exposed regions located in the Atlantic Ocean. An almost total blockage of the Sun's radiation from the Earth's surface for a period equal to 40 days and 40 nights accentuates the onset of a mini ice age which would last for one year.

Unlike some other catastrophes, this one, though devastating would pass relatively quickly because of the rapid settling to ground of the debris - there was little thrown up from meteor impacts, and, because the land mass most affected sank deeply into the Atlantic. The latter enabled considerable immediate changes to the western European and African weather patterns which thereafter stabilized.

In 1976 A.D., Dr. Otto Muck, a German rocket scientist would propose that the "Carolina Meteorite", accompanied by a vast number of smaller meteorites had formed numerous craters or bays along the eastern American coast with the numbers of pieces numbering into the tens of thousands. He would suggest that the larger piece, or pieces, had struck an eastern mid-north Atlantic continent, or series of large islands crushing part of them under the sea and inducing the remainder to violent volcanic activity and subsidence. His estimate of the power of such impacts, explosions, and eruptions would be the equivalent of 30,000 hydrogen bombs.

Ash thrown up by huge volcanic eruptions, added to the blockage of the Sun.
"Santini" was one which destroys an "Atlantis" in the Mediterranean, which also widens and deepens. A combination of vast amounts of volcanically vaporized sea water and asteroid dust infusion into the atmosphere results in huge amounts of soil being washed away from the hillsides of Greece, the Middle East, and north Africa - into the Mediterranean. Once lush forests are swept away, never to be replaced.

A tremendous amount of rainfall creates floods in some areas while snowfalls of humanly unrecorded amounts take place in the previously equatorial regions. In the first 24 hours in the centre of the new arctic regions temperatures plummet to -110 degrees centigrade and 24 feet of snow falls. In 1799 humans would begin to find evidence of this occurrence in the Siberian tundra. About 20% of the modern Earth's water volume is deposited at this time by this "water bomb". It will contribute to "Noah's Great Flood".

Previously temperate or subtropical regions will adopt equatorial climates either by an immediate relocation of the equator to their region, or, because of a long-term influence of a general cooling of the planet, by about 2.3 degrees centigrade, which influences their climate and practical crop production. Areas which have been more temperate in humidity and temperature, but are now gradually drying to become desert-like include North Africa and the Sahara, the Middle East, Turkey, Peru, Bolivia and the central Yucatan.

Rock paintings in the southern regions of the Sahara will later show a great number of animals - antelope, giraffe, and others - which will then live much farther south. Paintings and artifacts in the urban centre of Catal Huyuk in Anatolian Turkey will show that the then desolate plains below the Taurus Mountains were once grassy savannah occupied by huge herds of horse-like animals. The description in the Hebrew Old Testament of the Middle East lands as "flowing with milk and honey" will become difficult for humans to understand.

Extensive archaeological remains of coastal cities with great urban populations would be found in arid regions of Peru and Bolivia. Mayan legends describing the Yucatan as the land of "the honey and the deer" would be replaced by a land almost uninhabitable in the interior. North Africa, which would for a while remain the granary of Europe, even in early Roman times, would be encroached on greatly by spreading deserts. The Gobi Desert, once flourishing with plants and animals would become almost devoid of life. The presence of coal in Antarctica would confirm the present of tropical conditions before this great freeze, even as oil deposits in the Arctic, Siberia, and the Northwest Territories would substantiate. Remnants of palm, fig and magnolia trees would be found in arctic lands. Coral reefs had flourished in Spitzbergen.

This desertification process would be a 3500-year climatic influence encouraged by the climate modification affect of more than 80% of the Earth's forests, largely by humans. The destruction of forests to afford population growth and agricultural efficiency of food production would expand in India, China, Mesopotamia, North Africa, Europe, North America, Australia, Central America, Central Africa, and South America.

The torsional stress of the near collision of the Earth and the other planet while devastating to the climate of the Earth, would exert a spacial displacement of the Earth's orbit altering the length of solar orbit, and Earth year. The previously tradition-based calendar of 360 days now had to be modified to take into account an additional 5-1/4 days. The Inca calendar had five days added to the end and an extra day every 4 years. The extra days were regarded as unlucky, fateful days. The Chinese also added 5-1/4 days to their year and modified their geometry by it also. Other cultures would eventually update their calendars.

In the Mayan "Popul Vuh" manuscript, the following description mirrors that later to be carried in a variety of Amerindian legends:

"The waters were agitated by the will of Hurakan, and a great inundation came upon the heads of these creatures .... They were engulfed, and a resinous thickness descended from heaven; ... the face of the Earth was obscured, and a heavy darkening rain commenced - rain by day and by night ....

There was heard a great noise above their heads, as if produced by fire.
Then were men seen running, pushing each other, filled with despair; they wished to climb upon their houses, and the houses, tumbling down, fell to the ground; they wished to climb upon the trees, and the trees shock them off; they wished to enter into caves, and the caves closed themselves before them .... Water and fire contributed to the universal ruin at the time of the last great cataclysm which preceded the fourth creation."

While this event may have concluded the destruction of a mid-Atlantic "Atlantis" it was certainly neither the major influence nor the first. It is clearly after this era, that invaders from new populations entering into the Mediterranean region from the west (Hyksos, Libyans), east (Assyrians) and north (Greeks, Romans, French) began to threaten the Kingdom of Egypt. ALL of these regions were primarily accessible from persons relocating by way of the Mediterranean Sea.