Top INDEX
• Basics of Milk Thistle.
• Benefits : Milk Thistle uses.
• Cautions: Side Effects possible.
• - Article: Milk Thistle and Glutathione.
• - Notes : Milk Thistle as a Detoxer.
• Forms of Milk Thistle.
• Report: Bioavailability for Liver Disorders.
• Report: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
• Report: Non-obesity fatty kidney disease.
• Report: MTHFR: Secret Enzyme ... Huge Impact.
• Report: Genetically Engineered crops (GE crops) ...
• Report: Phosphatidylcholine for Liver and Heart health.

  Product Possibilities, NOT Recommendations.

  Product: Milk Thistle, 250 mg, 60 caps - Western Family.

  Product: Phosphatidylcholine, 420 mg, 90 caps - Natural Factors.

  Product: Milk Thistle, Mariendistel Formula, 110 caps - Naka.

  Product: Super Thyslin Liver Support, 60 caps - Natures Way.

  Product: Milk Thistle®, Super -- Enzymatic Therapy

  Product: Milk Thistle, 1000 mg, EBYSU

  Product: Milk Thistle, Organika, 250 mg.

  Product: Hepatiben Liver Detox & Gut Restoration.

  Product: TBMP Medulla Complex, Thiamine & Choline - Genestra.

  Product: Phos Choline Phospholipid Formula - Genestra.

  Product: Super Milk Thistle X, 120 Caps - Integrative Therapeutics.

• Insight: Silymarin blocks toxins from the liver and reduces glutathione loss.
• Insight: Milk Thistle enables liver cell rebuilding by enhancing liver health.
• Insight: Milk Thistle increases bile flow which can reduce organ stones.
• Insight: Silybin based milk thistle is the most effective and least available form.
• Insight: Glutathione protects by neutralizing toxins and assisting excretion.
• Insight: Black Pepper interrupts/sabotages the detox cycle in the liver.
• Insight: Systemic fungal ailments can promote Fatty Liver Disease.

• -Focus-: Monographs on Toxins and Enhancers.

Basics of Milk Thistle. INDEX

Applications:

Liver Detoxification & Health Enhancer.

Cancer reducer by way of toxin eliminator.

Shown to assist in reducing high levels of cholesterol.

Milk Thistle helps decrease blood sugar levels in insulin-resistant patients.
Research shows that it can help control symptoms of diabetes by helping with glycemic control.

Tend to reduce the prevalence and severity of gallstones.

By protecting the skin from UV aging and toxins, it reduces the signs of aging.

Actions & Capabilities:
• antioxidant
• helps with cell renewal
• a toxin blockade agent
• helps rebuild liver cells
• supports liver regeneration
• supports glutathione formation
• stimulates protein synthesis
• helps decrease blood sugar levels
• helps lower high cholesterol levels
• decreasing, or even reversing, damage to the liver
• releases bile into our small intestine so fat can be absorbed
• protects the skin from UV aging

Milk Thistle - For Liver Health
Milk thistle was used historically as a digestive aid, to promote the flow of digestive juices, and as a tonic for nursing mothers, to increase milk supply. Nowadays it’s popularity stems from its ability to detoxify and protect a very important organ, the liver.

Our liver is responsible for filtering out most everything that should not be in our body and processing it so that it doesn’t cause damage to other cells. It also metabolizes hormones and fats, and makes sure that the transportation system for fats (cholesterol) is working properly. The livers secretions, called bile, carry metabolized waste products out into the intestine where they can be excreted.

The medicinal activity of milk thistle is in a molecule called silymarin.
It causes liver cells, hepatocytes, to resist toxic compounds and regenerate themselves.
It also increases glutathione in the liver. Glutathione is an antioxidant that the liver uses to catch damaging free radicals that are created when the liver changes toxins into harmless chemicals. Silymarin also blocks the toxic effects of drug overdoses and poisonings.

Applications:

Liver Detoxification & Health Enhancer.

Cancer reducer by way of toxin eliminator.

Shown to assist in reducing high levels of cholesterol.

Milk Thistle helps decrease blood sugar levels in insulin-resistant patients.
Research shows that it can help control symptoms of diabetes by helping with glycemic control.

Tend to reduce the prevalence and severity of gallstones.

By protecting the skin from UV aging and toxins, it reduces the signs of aging.

Actions & Capabilities:
• antioxidant
• helps with cell renewal
• a toxin blockade agent
• helps rebuild liver cells
• supports liver regeneration
• supports glutathione formation
• stimulates protein synthesis
• helps decrease blood sugar levels
• helps lower high cholesterol levels
• decreasing, or even reversing, damage to the liver
• releases bile into our small intestine so fat can be absorbed
• protects the skin from UV aging

Milk Thistle - For Liver Health
Milk thistle was used historically as a digestive aid, to promote the flow of digestive juices, and as a tonic for nursing mothers, to increase milk supply. Nowadays it’s popularity stems from its ability to detoxify and protect a very important organ, the liver.

Our liver is responsible for filtering out most everything that should not be in our body and processing it so that it doesn’t cause damage to other cells. It also metabolizes hormones and fats, and makes sure that the transportation system for fats (cholesterol) is working properly. The livers secretions, called bile, carry metabolized waste products out into the intestine where they can be excreted.

The medicinal activity of milk thistle is in a molecule called silymarin.
It causes liver cells, hepatocytes, to resist toxic compounds and regenerate themselves.
It also increases glutathione in the liver. Glutathione is an antioxidant that the liver uses to catch damaging free radicals that are created when the liver changes toxins into harmless chemicals. Silymarin also blocks the toxic effects of drug overdoses and poisonings.

The plant is known in scientific circles as the Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (syn. Cardous marianus), but it is more commonly known as “milk thistle,” “St. Mary Thistle,” “Holy Thistle” and “Lady’s Thistle.” It is an herbaceous annual or biennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family that can grow to be ten feet tall with flowers that are red and purple in color.

Milk thistle has actually been used for over 2,000 years.
The plant is native to the Mediterranean region and a member of the Asteraceae plant family, which also includes other plants like sunflowers and daisies. The Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides was the first to describe milk thistle’s healing properties back in the year 40 A.D.

Milk thistle gets its name from the milky-white liquid that runs off of the plant’s leaves when they’re crushed.
The actual leaves of the plant also have a spotted white pattern that makes them look as if they’ve been dunked in milk.

As an antioxidant, milk thistle benefits are similar to other healing nutrients, like vitamin E or vitamin C, which help fight free radical damage and slow the aging process that can lead to disease development. It specifically contains high levels of lipophilic extracts from the seeds of the plant, which act as bioflavanoid antioxidants that increase immunity and slow down oxidative stress.

About 50 percent to 70 percent of the silymarin molecules present within milk thistle are the type called silybin, also known as silibinin. This antioxidant stimulates protein synthesis and changes the outside layer of healthy cells, keeping them protected from damage and mutation. It inhibits toxins from dwelling in the body; helps with cell renewal; and counteracts the harmful effects of pollutants, chemicals and heavy metals that can cause “free radical damage.”

Silymarin acts as a cancer protector because it’s “a toxin blockade agent” and inhibits the binding of toxins to the cell membrane receptors, according to researchers at the University Magna Graecia Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine.

Milk Thistle helps decrease blood sugar levels in insulin-resistant patients.
Research shows that it can help control symptoms of diabetes by helping with glycemic control.

The medicinal activity of milk thistle is in a molecule called silymarin.
It causes liver cells, hepatocytes, to resist toxic compounds and regenerate themselves.
It also increases glutathione in the liver. Glutathione is an antioxidant that the liver uses to catch damaging free radicals that are created when the liver changes toxins into harmless chemicals. Silymarin also blocks the toxic effects of drug overdoses and poisonings.

Milk thistle is a bitter herb that causes the release of digestive juices and bile, thus helping with indigestion and intestinal cleansing. Natural health practitioners recommend milk thistle for liver toxicity, indigestion, poisonings, drug overdoses, hepatitis, jaundice, gallbladder dysfunction and high cholesterol.

Benefits: Milk Thistle uses. INDEX
https://draxe.com/milk-thistle-benefits/
Article by: Jillian Babcock, August 1, 2018
Website by Dr. Josh Axe ---
https://draxe.com/about-dr-josh-axe/

LINK 2: http://www.nationalnutrition.ca/detail.aspx?ID=2109

LINK 3: https://www.liversupport.com/milkthistle.htm

As an herb that’s considered a “hepatic, galactogogue, demulcent and cholagogue,” milk thistle benefits are thought to include being able to promote healthy digestive function by promoting enzyme formation, increasing bile production, decreasing inflammation and soothing the mucous membranes throughout the body.

Milk thistle benefits have been shown to include decreasing, or even reversing, damage to the liver that’s been caused by prescription medications, alcohol use, antibiotics, pollution, heavy metals ...

Milk thistle seeds contain a bioflavonoid complex known as silymarin.
Silymarin, which is the active ingredient in milk thistle, is simply the purified extract of the fruits (seeds) of the milk thistle plant.
It is responsible for the main medical benefits of the milk thistle plant, and it is made up of three main flavonoids:

    silybin – also known as silibinin
    silydianin – also known as silidianin
    silychristin – also known as silicristin

Silybin makes up 50% – 70% of silymarin and has been shown in clinical studies to be the most biologically active and beneficial constituent of the milk thistle extract, silymarin, responsible for roughly 70% of milk thistle’s total health benefit.

Applications:

Liver Detoxification & Health Enhancer.

Cancer reducer by way of toxin eliminator.

Shown to assist in reducing high levels of cholesterol.

Milk Thistle helps decrease blood sugar levels in insulin-resistant patients.
Research shows that it can help control symptoms of diabetes by helping with glycemic control.

Tend to reduce the prevalence and severity of gallstones.

By protecting the skin from UV aging and toxins, it reduces the signs of aging.

Actions & Capabilities:
• antioxidant
• helps with cell renewal
• a toxin blockade agent
• helps rebuild liver cells
• supports liver regeneration
• supports glutathione formation
• stimulates protein synthesis
• helps decrease blood sugar levels
• helps lower high cholesterol levels
• decreasing, or even reversing, damage to the liver
• releases bile into our small intestine so fat can be absorbed
• protects the skin from UV aging

Milk Thistle - For Liver Health
Milk thistle was used historically as a digestive aid, to promote the flow of digestive juices, and as a tonic for nursing mothers, to increase milk supply. Nowadays it’s popularity stems from its ability to detoxify and protect a very important organ, the liver.

Our liver is responsible for filtering out most everything that should not be in our body and processing it so that it doesn’t cause damage to other cells. It also metabolizes hormones and fats, and makes sure that the transportation system for fats (cholesterol) is working properly. The livers secretions, called bile, carry metabolized waste products out into the intestine where they can be excreted.

The medicinal activity of milk thistle is in a molecule called silymarin.
It causes liver cells, hepatocytes, to resist toxic compounds and regenerate themselves.
It also increases glutathione in the liver. Glutathione is an antioxidant that the liver uses to catch damaging free radicals that are created when the liver changes toxins into harmless chemicals. Silymarin also blocks the toxic effects of drug overdoses and poisonings.

Milk thistle is a bitter herb that causes the release of digestive juices and bile, thus helping with indigestion and intestinal cleansing. Natural health practitioners recommend milk thistle for liver toxicity, indigestion, poisonings, drug overdoses, hepatitis, jaundice, gallbladder dysfunction and high cholesterol.

Liver related conditions indicating the use of milk thistle are varied, including, but not limited to:

• Alcoholic cirrhosis
• Chronic active hepatitis
• Drug and alcohol induced liver damage
• Acute viral hepatitis
• Fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
• Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
• Hepatic toxicity caused by steroid usage
• Environmental sensitivities and toxins
• A medical condition that necessitates the use of hepatotoxic medications
• Regular moderate-to-heavy alcohol use

Additionally, experimental and clinical studies have proven
that milk thistle extracts also have the following non-liver related benefits.
• Lowers cholesterol levels, which benefits the heart
• Reduces the growth of cancer cells in breast, lung, colon, prostate, cervical and renal cancers
• Functions as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease
• Improves blood sugar levels
• Contains numerous anti-aging properties
• Reduces cell damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy treatments
• Supplements sunscreen protection and may be useful against multiple types of skin disease
• Works as a free radical scavenger and powerful antioxidant
• Reduces hot flashes and other related menopausal symptoms
• Helps with intestinal / indigestion issues
• Reduces the effects of deathcap mushroom (Amanita phalloides) poisoning

Cautions: Side Effects possible. INDEX
https://draxe.com/milk-thistle-benefits/
Article by: Jillian Babcock, August 1, 2018
Website by Dr. Josh Axe ---
https://draxe.com/about-dr-josh-axe/

LINK 2:https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-milk-thistle/art-20362885
Oct. 14, 2017

LINK 3: https://www.liversupport.com/milkthistle.htm

Common Side Effects: (to highly excessive intakes)
• a mild laxative effect,
• may lower blood sugar,
• headaches,
• may decrease drug responses,
• may increase drug responses,
• anaphylaxis.

Milk thistle is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with very few cases of side effects ever reported.
The most common side effects aren’t serious and include gastrointestinal upset, such as a mild laxative effect.
When taken within the recommended dose range, milk thistle is thought to be effective and mostly free of allergic reactions.

Milk thistle may interact with some medications, including allergy medicines, anti-anxiety drugs and blood thinners, among others.

... antioxidants like those found in milk thistle have been shown to possibly interfere with the efficacy of some cancer chemotherapy drugs by protecting cancer cells from cell death.

Milk thistle can cause an allergic reaction, including a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). An allergic reaction is more common in people who are allergic to other plants in the asteraceae family, such as ragweed, daisies, marigolds and chrysanthemums.

Possible drug interactions include:

• Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates.
  Taking milk thistle might affect this enzyme and drugs it processes, such as diazepam (Valium), warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) and others.

• Diabetes medications.
  Milk thistle might lower blood sugar in people who have type 2 diabetes.
  Taking milk thistle with diabetes drugs might cause additive effects.
  Closely monitor your blood sugar levels.

• Metronidazole (Flagyl).
  Milk thistle might reduce the effectiveness of this antibiotic.
  Avoid using milk thistle and metronidazole together.

• Simeprevir (Olysio).
  Taking milk thistle with this hepatitis C medication might increase the concentrations of the drug in your blood plasma.
  Avoid using milk thistle and simeprevir together.

• Sirolimus (Rapamune).
  Taking milk thistle with this immunosuppressant might change the way your body processes the medication.

*Milk thistle is a very safe herb but it does have detoxifying properties.
Individuals with serious liver disease or high levels of toxic compounds in their body should use milk thistle under the guidance of a health professional.

Article: Milk Thistle and Glutathione. INDEX
https://draxe.com/milk-thistle-benefits/
Article by: Jillian Babcock, August 1, 2018
Website by Dr. Josh Axe ---
https://draxe.com/about-dr-josh-axe/

LINK 2: http://www.nationalnutrition.ca/detail.aspx?ID=2109

Glutathione is a sulphur-based molecule made from three amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid.
It is an important antioxidant in the liver’s detoxification pathways.
>Glutathione changes chemicals and metabolic byproducts into harmless substances for excretion from the body, by deactivating harmful free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that in their bid to become more stable must bump into healthy cells and cause damage.

Glutathione is responsible for detoxifying many compounds, including those found in cigarette smoke, alcohol, aspirin and acetaminophen. As an antioxidant in other parts of the body, >glutathione protects red blood cells, helps immune cells kill invading microbes and stops cells from being harmed by radiation.

Silymarin, the active ingredient in milk thistle, is an antioxidant that can protect against depletion of glutathione, which is a “master antioxidant” that’s extremely useful at helping prevent disease formation. Glutathione is found naturally in the human body, as well as in some plants, mushrooms, fungi and algae.

Glutathione’s biggest role is to help fight oxidative stress that leads to such diseases as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It can help prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species, such as free radicals.

One of the biggest milk thistle benefits is that it preserves glutathione, ....
The modern American diet, pollution, toxins, medications, stress, trauma, aging, infections and radiation all work to deplete liver capabilities and also glutathione in the body. Milk thistle helps increase glutathione levels by improving liver detox functions. Milk thistle strengthens the liver cell walls, buffering them from invading toxins, and supports liver regeneration and glutathione formation.

- Notes - : Milk Thistle as a Detoxer. INDEX

LINK 2: https://draxe.com/milk-thistle-benefits/
Article by: Jillian Babcock, August 1, 2018
Website by Dr. Josh Axe ---
https://draxe.com/about-dr-josh-axe/

LINK 3: http://www.nationalnutrition.ca/detail.aspx?ID=2109

LINK 4: https://www.liversupport.com/milkthistle.htm

It certainly is the liver’s job to detox the body, and all things being equal you would not need to take supplements to keep it clean and functioning at optimum. Paleolithic man probably did not need to engage in a milk thistle liver detox, for example -- though they might have eaten it, as every part of the plant is edible. Our ancestors enjoyed clean water, air, and land. There was no alcohol for them to indulge in. Food wasn’t stuffed with preservatives. They never were exposed to secondhand smoke, didn’t use chemical cleaners and weren’t surrounded by chemicals in everything from furniture to flooring.

Milk thistle helps ... the liver (to) finally start processing its “backlog” of toxins, (enabling the liver to become healthier and stronger) and is better able to handle everything life throws at it. Indeed, the damage it may have taken on while it was overwhelmed can even be healed and reversed. Milk thistle can literally help you regenerate your liver.

Detoxification
The liver processes the majority of toxins in the body.
It excretes most of the processed toxins through the bile and into the intestine.
Most medications are also processed in the liver.
If you are on prescription medication consult your health professional before cleansing the liver.

Detoxification involves dietary, supplemental and physical interventions.
It usually focuses on one or more of the main organs of detoxification, the liver, kidneys, bowels, lungs or skin.

Your body needs a variety of vitamins, minerals, and other molecules so that it can process and excrete toxins.
It is important for you to help your body by giving it a variety of fresh and nutritious foods.
These suggestions are intended as a guide. Do not consume any food that you are sensitive to even if it is listed here.

As a liver support and liver aid, milk thistle is a powerful liver cleanser.
It helps rebuild liver cells while removing toxins from the body that are processed through the liver.
Milk thistle is effective at naturally reversing the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, pesticides in our food supply, heavy metals in our water supply, pollution in the air that we breathe and even poisons!

The liver is actually our largest internal organ and is responsible for performing a number of essential detoxifying functions.
The condition of our blood throughout our whole body is mostly reliant on the health of our liver. As a “blood purifier,” the liver needs to actively clean the blood each and every day in order to support nearly every system within our body.

The liver helps remove harmful substances from our blood, aids in hormone production, detoxifies the body, releases glucose into the bloodstream in order to give our body steady energy and releases bile into our small intestine so fat can be absorbed from foods. ...

Milk thistle has been historically used for various liver diseases, including:

    alcoholic liver disease
    acute and chronic viral hepatitis
    toxin-induced liver diseases

About 50 percent to 70 percent of the silymarin molecules present within milk thistle are the type called silybin, also known as silibinin. This antioxidant stimulates protein synthesis and changes the outside layer of healthy cells, keeping them protected from damage and mutation. It inhibits toxins from dwelling in the body; helps with cell renewal; and counteracts the harmful effects of pollutants, chemicals and heavy metals that can cause “free radical damage.”

Silymarin acts as a cancer protector because it’s “a toxin blockade agent” and inhibits the binding of toxins to the cell membrane receptors, according to researchers at the University Magna Graecia Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine.

Milk thistle benefits heart health and helps lower high cholesterol levels by reducing inflammation, cleaning the blood and preventing oxidative stress damage within the arteries.

Gallstones are formed when cholesterol and other matter within your bile bind together.
This is problematic because they can become more solid and become lodged in the inner lining of your gallbladder.
Milk thistle increases bile flow and aids the liver in detoxification of mineral and chemical excesses which contribute to gallstone formation.

Forms of Milk Thistle. INDEX
https://www.liversupport.com/milkthistle.htm#available

LINK 4: https://www.liversupport.com/milkthistle.htm#available

Milk thistle in capsules come in 3 forms.

1. Milk Thistle Seed
   Milk Thistle Seed is merely the crushed up seeds of the milk thistle plant.
   This is of very little value to you and you should avoid buying this.
   
   
2. Milk Thistle standardized to 70% or 80% silymarin
   Silymarin is milk thistle’s secret weapon.
   This extract of the milk thistle plant is a natural antioxidant compound and detoxifier.
   In the U.S. milk thistle with silymarin is standardized to contain 70% or 80% silymarin.

3. Silybin Based Milk Thistle
   Silybin is the silver bullet.
   The silybin flavonoid has been proven in hundreds of clinical studies to provide up to 70% of milk thistle’s health benefits to your liver and entire body. If you are going to supplement with milk thistle, silybin based milk thistle is the best milk thistle available.

First look for a silybin based milk thistle. If you can’t find one, then look for a silymarin based milk thistle.

Milk Thistle Standardized
Milk thistle as an herb is made up of both active and inactive ingredients in varying amounts, with the active ingredients providing all of the supplement’s benefits and therapeutic value. When purchasing a non-standardized milk thistle product, you have no way of knowing what proportion of active to inactive ingredients will be present in the final product.

Thus, to ensure consistency throughout the herbal supplement market, milk thistle is available in a standardized form.
When purchasing a standardized milk thistle product, you are supposed to receive the same proportion of the active and beneficial ingredients to inactive ingredients each and every time.

Today, most standardized milk thistle products sold in the United States are standardized to reflect 80% silymarin.
This means that silymarin, the active ingredient, makes up 80% of the total weight of the product, and the inactive ingredients make up the remaining 20%. So if you purchase a standardized milk thistle product that is 250 milligrams of 80% standardized silymarin, you would actually have only 200 milligrams of the active, beneficial ingredient.

It is important to understand this so that you know what you are comparing when you are looking at different milk thistle products to determine those that offer the best value and those that offer the best concentration of the active ingredient.

Many milk thistle products are available in health food stores, drug stores, and on the Internet, but none of them are very bioavailable. This means they are not absorbed well by the body. A person would therefore need to ingest large amounts of milk thistle to experience its beneficial effects. This is not only impractical, but can also become quite expensive.

(A) solution (includes) the patented, highly-absorbable, all-natural, standardized, pharmaceutical grade milk thistle found in Maximum Milk Thistle® and UltraThistle®. It is superior to all other milk thistle products in 2 key areas.

1. It only contains the silybin from the milk thistle plant.
   Silybin is the single most beneficial ingredient of the milk thistle plant and is responsible for roughly 70% of all of milk thistle’s health benefits.

2. It allows more of the silybin, milk thistle’s most beneficial component, to be absorbed by your body.
   ... It delivers up to 10 times more silybin and produces up to 20 times the efficacy and protection as compared to other standardized milk thistle products.

Report: Bioavailability for Liver Disorders. INDEX
https://livermedic.com/silybin-vs-milk-thistle/
Silybin vs Milk Thistle: Far Superior Bioavailability for Liver Disorders
by Brendan Gaughran, Molecular Biologist, M.B.A. --- November 4, 2017
12534 Wiles Rd, Coral Springs, FL 33076
800.387.2278

... In Germany, the Health Department commissioned studies and concluded that milk thistle should be used in liver damage treatment even as severe as cirrhosis due to its safety and efficacy.

An active medical ingredient in milk thistle is silymarin, found in the milk thistle seed.
Silymarin is composed of 6 compounds and Silybin is the one found to bestow its health benefits.

In addition to the benefits of milk thistle, mostly attributed to the compound Silybin, the comparative bioavailability of Silybin over milk thistle is much higher. Most studies show the difference between the two is around 10:1. Therefore, it (could) require 1000 mg of (standardized) milk thistle to equal the health benefits found in that of 100 mg of Silybin.

It’s also important to note that the presence of Phosphatidylcholine further increases the bioavailability of Silybin. When choosing a supplement to treat fatty liver or other liver ailments, this should be a consideration.

There are studies that prove increased absorption of the silybin phosphatidylcholine complex at approximately 7-8 times that without phosphatidylcholine. Any supplements taken to treat the liver, gallbladder and or bile ducts must have two ingredients without exception: silybin and phosphatidylcholine.

The way in which Silybin works is as follows:

    Increasing the strength of cell walls, making it more difficult for toxins to cross into the cell.
    Promoting the breakdown of toxins especially in the liver.
    Acting as an anti-oxidant, blocking cell wall damage from free radicals.

Laboratory experiments have show Silybin has possible cancer benefits as well, although Liver Medic does not recommend using silybin in place of other treatments. Silybin decreases the toxicity of treatment and may slow the growth of certain cancers, while promoting healthy cell.

Report: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. INDEX
https://livermedic.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/
by Brendan Gaughran, Molecular Biologist, M.B.A.
12534 Wiles Rd, Coral Springs, FL 33076
800.387.2278

Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects about one-third of Americans and most people are completely unaware and undiagnosed. Symptoms of NAFLD range from diabetes, obesity, Irritable Bowel Syndrome ( IBS) to chronic fatigue, food allergies and metabolic syndrome. ...

Studies demonstrate that Silybin (active compound in milk thistle), SAMe, Vitamin E (specifically, highly concentrated tocotrienols), NAC, Phosphatidylcholine and Glutathione work best with repeatable results. The success of these natural ingredients relies on rapid replenishment of Glutathione, a critically important liver antioxidant. ...

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a sulfur-rich compound (which) rapidly restores Glutathione.
... SAMe had (also) been found to increase Glutathione levels in humans with Fatty Liver Disease.

Very few, if any products on the market contain all these ingredients and they are very expensive when purchased individually. To address this Liver Medic formulated Hepatiben to make fighting this battle easier, more effective and less expensive than the alternatives. ...

Often missed in efforts to restore healthy flora is the removal of biofilm, which is a frequent obstacle in improving gut health. Serrapeptase ... breaks apart biofilm to remove viruses, parasites and other harmful organisms. ...

Report: Non-obesity fatty kidney disease. INDEX

LINK 2: https://www.reference.com/article/fatty-tumor-b6a8b0310a9a069a

LINK 3: https://www.reference.com/health/fatty-tumor-kidney-1c96127a19fa14b#

LINK 4: https://www.reference.com/health/
common-symptoms-having-mass-kidney-f8bdac324881edcd

LINK 5: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/
health/conditionsandtreatments/kidneys-age-related-problems

LINK 6: https://forums.webmd.com/3/kidney-disorders-exchange/forum/1075/0

LINK 7: https://www.answers.com/Q/What_causes_a_fatty_kidney

A fatty tumor, also known as a lipoma, is a noncancerous tumor made up of fat cells that grows just under the skin.
Lipomas can take up to several years to grow noticeable, according to DermNet. They can reach up to 10 centimeters and appear wherever fat tissue is present.

Lipomas occur most commonly on the shoulders, neck, torso and arms, according to DermNet.
They are associated with liposarcoma, a rare form of cancer.

The cause of lipomas is unknown, but DermNet postulates that there is a genetic element because a family history of lipomas is often found in patients.

DermNet states that lipomas can be painful when pressure is applied, but not always.
They are described as being either dome-shaped or egg-shaped and are easily moved around with the fingers. Lipomas are soft and smooth, sometimes with a rubbery or doughy consistency. In most cases, lipomas are diagnosed by feeling for a soft lump, but some doctors may choose to perform a deep skin biopsy to eliminate all doubt. Lipomas can be removed through surgical methods, by squeezing or through liposuction, but this is generally only advised if they grow and interfere with the movement of the muscles. Most lipomas stop growing on their own.

A fatty tumor on the kidney, called angiomyolipoma, is a benign mass composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle.
A benign tumor is noncancerous and cannot metastasize or spread to other parts of the body but it can grow and destroy other tissue, according to the Canadian Cancer Society.

An angiomyolipoma can be either sporadic, which accounts for 80 percent of cases, or it can be a sign of tuberous sclerosis, notes the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance. Sporadic angiomyolipomas occur most often in women as a single tumor in one kidney. Tuberous sclerosis, which accounts for 20 percent of angiomyolipomas, can produce multiple tumors that are larger and affect younger people of both sexes in both kidneys.

An accurate diagnosis by ultrasound, CT or MRI of a fatty tumor depends on the fat content, explains the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance. It can be difficult to differentiate between a malignant tumor and a benign angiomyolipoma. Patients with tuberous sclerosis and renal angiomyolipomas are more likely to develop malignant kidney tumors than people with renal angiomyolipomas and no sign of tuberous sclerosis. Benign fatty tumors often do not require treatment unless they grow larger than 4 centimeters, are malignant or cause an obstruction in the kidney.

If the mass on the kidney is a malignant tumor and the cancer has spread to other organs, common symptoms include shortness of breath, bone pain and coughing blood, explains WebMD.com. Before a doctor can determine if a kidney mass is cancer, tests must be done to diagnose the disease such as blood and urine tests, a CT scan and MRI, and a renal arteriogram, If the mass is a tumor, the size determines the stage of kidney cancer. For instance, a mass smaller than 3 inches is stage 1 cancer and more treatable than a mass that has spread to the tissue around the kidney.

The mass can be removed depending on the size, states WebMD.com.
A patient with a tumor that is smaller than 1 1/2 inches can undergo a partial nephrectomy in which just the mass and some of the surrounding tissue is removed. Larger masses require removal of the entire kidney or even the nearby adrenal gland and lymph nodes. In some cases, the tumor is treated with extreme cold or radio waves.

Kidney disease is not always accompanied by warning signs.
If you have one of the risk factors for kidney disease, it is recommended that you have a kidney health check (blood test, urine test and blood pressure check) from your doctor at least every two years.

Symptoms of kidney disease

Kidney disease is called a ‘silent disease’ as there are often no warning signs.
People may lose up to 90 per cent of their kidney function before getting any symptoms.
The first signs of kidney disease may be general and can include:
• high blood pressure
• changes in the amount and number of times urine is passed (for example, at night)
• changes in the appearance of urine
• blood in the urine
• puffiness of the legs and ankles
• pain in the kidney area
• tiredness
• loss of appetite
• difficulty sleeping
• headaches
• lack of concentration
• itching
• shortness of breath
• nausea and vomiting
• bad breath and a metallic taste in the mouth.

Risk factors for age-related kidney disease

Some conditions that affect the kidneys and urinary tract are more common as people get older.
You are more at risk of developing kidney disease if you:
• are over 60 years of age
• have diabetes
• are obese
• have high blood pressure
• have established heart problems (heart failure or past heart attack) or have had a stroke
• are a smoker
• have a family history of kidney failure
• have a history of acute kidney injury
• are of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Causes of kidney disease?
• Bacterial Infections,
• viral Infections,
• cancer,
• heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic etc.
• Oxalate-calcium salts in blood
• Drugs
• Hypertension,
• diabetes,
• genetic disorders
• Poor diet,
• inadequate intake of fluids.

Patient Query:

I am 22 years old.
For the past 3 years I have suffered from what I thought was constant UTIs it wasn't until a few months ago that I found oout that what i was experiancing wasn't "normal". I went to the doctor after having flank pain off and on and they put me on antibiotics as soon as I got off the antibiotics I woke up in horrible pain after day 1. I was so miserable with fever and night sweats I went to the ED. Kidney infection. after the anti bitotics the "UTI" symptoms came back but it wasn't a UTI. Today I had a cyscopy and kidney sonogram. Bladder is fine but they found a "large fatty mass" on my kidney. ...

Medical Response:
... In most cases, "fatty" masses on a kidney cause no trouble and are best left alone (in fact, the kidneys are wrapped in a layer of fatty tissue to help cushion them). A few months, as many as six months, is not an unusual time to wait to check back on a renal mass. The reason is that it's a fairly big deal to get access to a kidney to remove things. So they want to be sure that it really NEEDS to come out before cutting. I suspect that this lesion was an incidental finding on an ultrasound, so they are going to watch it but they aren't going to panic over it. ...

Renal cyst:
A hollowed-out space in the kidney.
Isolated kidney cysts often happen as people age, and they almost never cause a problem.
Complex cysts and masses can be cancerous.

How is kidney stone disease caused?
improper intake of food such as spinach mixed up with tomatoes leads to formation of stones in kidneys.

One cause for kidney stones is not drinking enough water.
You need to drink water, not soda, tea, coffee, actually anything that has caffeine, caffeine dehydrates you.

... It can be caused by taking excess of Vitamin D and calcium as seen in milk alkali syndrome.
Hyperparathyroidism, gout, sarcoidosis, renal tubular acidosis, metastatic disease may all cause stones due to associated hypercalcaemia.

Drinking beer can be good for your kidneys.
Specifically, drinking beer in moderation can help prevent kidney stones -- although other factors come into play as well, such as drinking lots of water, getting regular exercise and, oh yes, drinking beer in moderation.

How Does Beer Prevent Kidney Stones?
Drinking beer can help prevent kidney stones because it helps prevent calcium deposits from being formed in your kidneys.
Stouts, porters or other beers with lots of hops are best.
Calcium deposits mix with salts and other minerals and ultimately turn into kidney stones.
Indeed, researchers in Finland in the 1980s conducted a study of 27,001 male smokers between the ages of 50 and 69 and found each daily bottle of beer consumed reduced the risk of kidney stones by 40 percent. What If It's Too Late? Drinking beer can also help the body void a kidney stone, simply because of its strong diuretic effects. Beer also dilates the urinary tract, making it easier, and less painful, to flush out a stone.

Cranberry juice has the same effect, maintains author Duane Swierczynski of "The Big Book o' Beer: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Greatest Beverage on Earth." Beer Isn't The Only Game in Town Beer's curative powers in regard to kidney stones aren't unique. A six-year study by the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston concluded that not just beer but also coffee, tea and red wine can prevent kidney stones by preventing calcium deposits from building up. Meanwhile, cranberry juice is just as good a diuretic as beer should prevention efforts fail and a stone develop.

Water is the best medicine, and in fact the biggest risk factor in developing kidney stones is to not drink enough water, at least eight glasses a day. And fruit juice lovers, beware: the same Harvard study concluded that drinking apple juice and grapefruit juice can actually increase the risk of kidney stone development.

Report: MTHFR: Secret Enzyme ... Huge Impact. INDEX
https://livermedic.com/mthfr/
by Brendan Gaughran, Molecular Biologist, M.B.A.
12534 Wiles Rd, Coral Springs, FL 33076
800.387.2278

Science has only recently identified a common gene mutation that’s a silent driver of many common ailments of which the public is mostly unaware. Many physicians are just now becoming educated the importance of this enzyme’s impact on health. Once thought to effect 3 – 5% of the population, improved testing methods finds the MTHFR mutation is currently estimated up to 30-50% people depending on ethnicity. This enzyme has a profound influence over everything from hormone regulation to body toxin removal and numerous nutritional deficiencies. ...

Depending on whether a person has one or all four locations mutated will determine methylation reduction from 30% – 80% and beyond.

MTHFR is an acronym for the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, often referred to as “the detox gene.” The actual scope of this enzyme is much wider than the term detox gene would suggest. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down folic acid into a usable form called 5-L-methyltetrahydrofolate, and is coded primarily in the two genes C677T and A1298C.

When this enzyme can’t be produced or is diminished because of this mutation or a partial mutation then lots of important physiology is disrupted. This mutation hinders methylation in the body. Methylation is required by every cell in our body and occurs billions of times per second.

Areas negatively impacted include DNA repair, immune function, detoxification, neurotransmitter production, hormone regulation, mood balancing, energy production and more.

More specifically these two genes when mutated are associated with the following:

C677T – This mutation is most commonly associated with heart disease, heart attack, stroke, blood clots, peripheral neuropathy, anemia, miscarriages, congenital birth defects, and more.

A1298C – This mutation is most commonly associated with chronic illnesses such as; depression, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), memory loss, Alzheimer’s and dementia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD,) bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and more.

Symptoms: There are many health consequences of MTHFR that when not addressed through diet and supplements interfere with methylate and contribute to serious diseases. ... Sensitivity to medications, high homocysteine levels, low tolerance for alcohol and pain are some of the symptoms of the gene’s effects on health.

More severe symptoms ...

Psychological,
• Addictive behavior
• Alcoholism
• Insomnia
• Dementia/Alzheimer’
• Schizophrenia
• Anxiety
• Autism and other spectrum disorders
• Adult neurological conditions
• Mood and psychiatric disorders
• Behavioral disorders
• Bipolar disorder
• Depression

Autoimmune/toxic
• Diabetes.
• Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
• Cancer. *
• Autism – 98% of autistic children have the C677T and A1298C anomaly.
  ---- Kids with autism are often low in homocysteine & glutathione. 5
• Down’s syndrome
• Allergies or Multiple Chemical Sensitivities
• Spina bifida, cleft palate or neural tube defects
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Hashimoto’s or Hypothyroidism (The Thyroid Summit)
• ADD or ADHD
• Lyme Disease*
• Chronic Viral Infections, Low T cells or reduced NK cells
• Miscarriages, fertility, and problems during pregnancy
• Allergies, immune system, and digestive problems
• Problems associated with aging
• Asthma
• Chemical sensitivity

Cardiovascular
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Atherosclerosis
• Neuropathy
• Depleted CoQ10
• Cardiovascular Disease
• High blood pressure
• Neuropathy – methylation is important to nerves (myelin sheath).

* Many of those listed are not directly implicated a result of MTHFR, i.e Lyme and cancer.
Clearly Lyme disease is a bacterial infection, but because the immune system is dependent on methylation in order to function these and other opportunistic diseases are more likely to flourish. As an example, a reduction in natural killer cells, T cells and a more susceptible intestinal tract will lead to a body more prone to disease. Similarly with other listed, MTHFR is a contributing factor among many variables.

Supplements and/or adjusting to diets high in the following compounds will offset the methylation issues MTHFR produces.

Glutathione
Production of glutathione is particularly vulnerable to becoming ineffective when the body is depleted.
As a critical compound used in the liver for detoxification its absence places stress on the liver as the toxins and heavy metals accumulate. Getting this into the liver directly can’t be done because it will be used by other cells first. The best way is by secondary precursors like SAMe, MSM, NAC and milk thistle.

Betaine (trimethylglycine – TMG)
Betaine is a natural derivative caused by the breakdown of choline in the body. Betaine is found in beets, although spinach and quinoa contain twice the amount of betaine. For a Methyl donor, the body derives more benefits from SAMe and MSM.

Choline
Critical compound needed for methylation and when in combination with milk thistle multiples its effectiveness.
Always choose a milk thistle supplement that includes choline for best results; we choose phosphatidylcholine for its added benefit to intestinal support.

B Vitamins; B2, B6, B9, and B12, B9 (Methyl-folate)
Critical for hormones, red and white blood cells (WBC) and glutathione production; B9, folate and folic acid are almost interchangeable. When the body requires methyl-folate the MTHFR gene mutation will not convert B9 into the methyl-folate enzyme. While folic acid is synthetic and very stable making it the favorite of vitamin companies, it’s not the best choice and is useless in the presence of the MTHFR gene mutation. Folic acid also requires many vitamins and cofactors to transition to its useable methyl-folate form. You are much better off just finding a good formula with this already present as in Hepatiben.

B6 & Magnesium
This combination lowers homocysteine levels, which improves relaxation and the ability to handle stress.
Gluten free diets will need a B6 supplement.

B12 (Methylcobalamin)
Deficiencies in Methylcobalamin will stop the cycle of methyl-folate from continuing proactively forward after about a week. 8 Important: In the case of over methylation with any supplement, use niacin.

Medicines That Make MTHFR Much Worse:

Acid blockers and Antacids (over-the-counter or prescription).
These will deplete your body of probiotics, and suppress your ability to make methylcobalamin.
They reduce the body’s ability to absorb nutrients needed to drive the methylation pathway.

Cholesterol binding drugs such as Cholestyramine or Colestipol; drugs that not only rob your body of vitamins A, D, E and K, but also reduce absorption of folate and cobalamin from your food. This increases the methylation problem and allows more toxins to build up.

Nitrous oxide.
When administered by the dentist or in a supplement nitrous oxide inactivates the enzyme methionine synthetase. The body depends on this enzyme to produce a usable form of B12 (methylcobalamin).

Niacin; high doses will deplete SAMe and reduce B6.
It’s a good thing to remember if you are over-methylating! You can put the brakes on with niacin.

Anti-seizure drugs; don’t stop taking these drugs without first discussing this with your physician!
You need to ask your doctor what to do if you want to wean off any medications and which drug you CAN take if you can’t take the drugs. The worst offenders for people with methylation defects include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid. These drugs are folate antagonists and rob the body of folate–that is how they are designed to work. They deplete folate, but that’s not a good thing if you have the MTHFR mutation that reduces your ability to methylate.

Estrogen drugs for birth control and menopause medication rob the body of folate.

Sulfa-containing drugs like Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (brand name Septra or Bactrim) or sulfasalazine, or triamterene (found in Dyazide). These inhibit the enzyme Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This enzyme is important in the building of DNA among other processes.

Methotrexate is a popular rheumatoid arthritis drug that robs the body of folate.

Metformin robs the body of methyl B12 (methylcobalamin).
This makes the situation worse because you need methyl B12 to drive the methylation pathway forward.

What Depletes Methyl Groups Beyond Pharmaceuticals?
Niacin, heavy metals, copper, mercury, arsenic, smoking, stress,
acetaldehyde -- commonly referred to as the “hangover chemical”.

Report: Genetically Engineered crops (GE crops) ... INDEX
https://livermedic.com/gmo-danger/
GMO, Fatty Liver Disease, Leaky Gut?
by Brendan Gaughran, Molecular Biologist, M.B.A.
12534 Wiles Rd, Coral Springs, FL 33076
800.387.2278

While it’s true we live in a highly industrialized world where much of what we encounter is a product of chemical processing, there is something afoot that is much more troubling. Years ago alcohol, hepatitis and hepatitis-b were the main drivers for fatty liver disease. When left untreated alcoholism led to liver cirrhosis and loss of liver function as the liver becomes overwhelmed. Today this same decline is initiated through non-alcoholic sources in the food supply -- called NAFLD or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease detoks.

Why are so many toxins flowing into our system?
... Monsanto’s scientists decided more than two decades ago to create Genetically Engineered crops (GE crops) also known as GMOs. These crops require the use of strong pesticides like Roundup™. Monsanto manufactured pesticide Roundup ... irrefutable research that conclusively points to Roundup as a known carcinogen.

GE crops have far higher concentrations of pesticide use as they are engineered to withstand massive amounts of exposure. As insects become increasingly resistant to large amounts of Roundup used on GE crops, crops absorb higher concentrations of pesticide as they grow in the fields.

When good bacteria come in contact with glyphosate it releases ammonia into the blood stream setting up the body’s system for the following diseases:

Cardio-Vascular Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson’s Disease
Liver Disease
Chronic Inflammation
Infertility

Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Obesity
Diabetes Type II
Autism
Dysbiosis

Encephalitis
Fatty Liver
IBS
Allergies
Cancer

Glyphosate is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Glyphosate is non-discriminatory; it kills all crops and weeds it comes into contact with without human intervention.

... glyphosate ... acts on a mechanism ... that exists in the bacteria to aid the human body!
Human bodies are outnumbered by a 10:1 ratio of bacteria to cells and rely on the health of these same bacteria.
Glyphosate’s deadly impact on our natural gut bacteria has substantial negative consequences.
To make matters worse, glyphosate does more damage to beneficial bacteria than pathogenic organisms -- leaving behind extremely harmful colonies in their wake.

(First), Harmful bacteria overgrowth is an environment that promotes the growth of candida and chronic inflammation ....

The second mechanism glyphosate will damage in the body is cytochrome, preventing liver detoxification by halting the work of liver enzymes. ...

Third, exposure to glyphosate stunts the body’s ability to produce vital digestive enzymes contributing to serious digestive dysfunction and compromise. Digestive enzymes are produced by breaking down important nutrients for absorption. Aside from malnutrition, the absence of digestive enzymes provide a food source for pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

According to Dr. Stephanie Senoff, premiere research scientist at MIT, glyphosate is, “the most important factor in the development of multiple chronic diseases and conditions that have become prevalent in Western societies.” This includes fatty liver and leaky gut caused by the breakdown of gut bacteria or dysbiosis.

... glyphosate is used on GE crops and conventional crops.
Roundup carcinogens are much higher in GE crops or GMOs when compared to conventional crops.
The exposed produce is systemically infused with poisons, and they cannot be washed off.
Our only healthy choice in this case is to consume organic produce.

... GE corn.
GE corn contains 13 parts per million (ppm) of glyphosate in every kernel.
Research has determined organ damage in animals takes place at levels of 0.01 ppm.
A consumer will receive nearly a thousand times that dosage from eating GMO corn.
This is why it is necessary to avoid all high fructose corn syrups as virtually all are GMO based.

Bt-toxin.
GE corn carries with it an additional hazard as it’s engineered to produce an additional insecticide: Bt-toxin.
The mechanism by which Bt-toxin works on an insect is the exact same way it interacts with humans.
The toxin literally punches holes in the stomach lining. The lining of the stomach is arguably the most important line of defense for the immune system and the Bt-toxin comprises stomach lining. Bt-toxin is so pervasive in the foods we eat that a recent study finds its presence in 83% of pregnant women and 80% of fetuses’ tested.

... polyethoxylated tallowamine, or POEA.
In a 2009 study, researchers find POEA more deadly to human embryonic, placental and umbilical cord cells than the herbicide itself. A conclusion they called, “astonishing”....

Report: Phosphatidylcholine for Liver and Heart health. INDEX
http://www.healthpalace.ca/biotics-research-lecithin-3x-phosphatidylcholine-100-capsules/
A pilot study of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline in fulminant and subacute hepatic failure.
J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 Jun;46( 6):530-2
by Singh NK, Prasad RC.

Source 2: Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults.
An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
JAMA. 1995 Sep 20;274( 11):902-7
by Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Stoll AL, Wurtman RJ, Yurgelun-Todd D, Babb SM.

LINK 3: https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/
phosphatidylcholine#side-effects-and-risks
Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT
on October 5, 2017 — Written by Annette McDermott

LINK 4: https://www.pureformulas.com/benefits/benefits-of-choline/phosphatidylcholine
2018

LINK 5: https://www.fxmedicine.com.au/blog-post/
surprising-benefits-phosphatidyl-choline
by Alinda Boyd

Phosphatidylcholine or PC is often available as a slightly concentrated form of lecithin supplements.
It’s the phosphorus portion of lecithin and can help address the areas of liver health, cognitive function, cardiovascular wellness, and more. It’s also a rich source of choline and a member of the B-vitamin complex.

Benefits

• Plays a role in DNA synthesis
• Supports central nervous system health
• May promote heart health
• Supports cognitive health

When Silymarin is complexed with phosphatidylcholine, improved absorption of Milk Thisle supplementation is benefited.

In the liver, PC is essential for the distribution of fat and cholesterol into extrahepatic tissues.
It does this by packaging fat and cholesterol into very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and secreting them from the liver.

Inadequate PC and choline results in impaired VLDL secretion leading to an accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the liver. This accumulation of lipids triggers a cascade of reactions, including mitochondrial dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, inflammation, apoptosis (cell death) and finally liver damage and disease. ...

Dietary choline, an essential cellular nutrient, is ingested in the diet primarily in the form of phosphatidylcholine.
Phosphatidylcholine is the principal circulating phospholipid in plasma, where it is an integral component of the lipoproteins, especially HDL.

It plays an important role in both the structure and function of mammalian organ membranes, and is the prime phospholipid in the mammalian heart, accounting for ~40% of the total membrane phospholipids. It is estimated that greater than 98% of the blood and tissue choline is sequestered in phosphatidylcholine.

Phosphatidylcholine, a glycerophospholipid, is the key building block of membrane bilayers, and makes up a very high proportion of the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.

Following ingestion, most of the phosphatidylcholine is broken down and subsequently incorporated into cellular membranes. Phosphatidylcholine serves as an excellent source of methyl groups for various chemical reactions, as it can supply up to three methyl groups per molecule, thus plays an important role in metabolic regulation. Additionally, it is present in a variety of molecular species in human tissues, primarily due to the variability of the fatty acid tails.

... Lowered blood choline is frequently displayed as liver steatosis (fatty liver) and related dysfunctions, and a deficiency in choline has been correlated with deleterious affects on the expression of a variety of genes, including those involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis.

Choline deficiency has also been associated with liver dysfunction and neoplastic diseases, as well as with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. A source of choline contributes to the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter which has many functions in the body, including its involvement in muscle control and memory. Phosphatidylcholine has been implicated as the preferred source of choline for this action.

... In animal studies choline intake was correlated to a hepatoprotective effect.
Consequently phosphatidylcholine supplementation in persons with liver impediments is particularly important.

5. It may promote lipolysis Lipolysis is the breakdown of fats in the body. Too much fat may cause lipomas to form.
Lipomas are painful, benign fatty tumors. Most are removed surgically.

According to a 2014 study, injecting PC (Phosphatidylcholine) into a lipoma can kill its fat cells and reduce its size. ...

6. It may help dissolve gallstones
Gallstones are hard deposits in your gallbladder.
They’re usually made of undissolved cholesterol or bilirubin.
If left untreated, they may become lodged in your bile ducts and cause severe pain or pancreatitis.

According to a 2003 study, PC (Phosphatidylcholine) supplementation reduced cholesterol gallstone formation in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. The study found that when PC levels increased, cholesterol saturation levels decreased.

Potential side effects and risks

Oral PC ingestion may cause excessive sweating,
and taking more than 30 grams daily may cause:
• diarrhea
• nausea
• vomiting

Injecting PC directly into a fatty tumor may cause severe inflammation or fibrosis.
It may also cause:
• pain
• burning
• itching
• bruising
• edema
• reddening of skin

Taking PC with an AChE inhibitor, such as donepezil (Aricept) or tacrine (Cognex),
may increase acetylcholine levels in the body.

This may cause cholinergic side effects, including:
• seizures
• muscle weakness
• slow heartrate
• breathing problems

Taking PC with cholinergic or anticholinergic drugs may also impact their effectiveness.

Product: Milk Thistle, 250 mg, 60 caps - Western Family. INDEX
(NO Internet link could be found as is not available online.)
Find in the Pharmacy section within Save-On-Foods grocery stores.
Ca $8.99 --- 2018-08-31
60 caps --- 1 capsule twice daily
Use for a minimum of 3 weeks for noticeable benefits.

Ingredients:
• 250 mg --- Thistle 25:1 Extract (Silybum marianum) seed
  --- standardized to 60% Silymarin, equivalent to 6250 mg raw herb.
•    55 mg --- Dandelion powder (Tataxacum officinale) root
• 27.5 mg --- Turmeric (curcuma longa) root
  Other Ingredients -
• Gelatin capsule (bovine),
• purified water,
• rice starch,
• vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant),
• silica.

Maintains liver health.

This is an example of a good quality product which is likely only found in person.

Product: Phosphatidylcholine, 420 mg, 90 caps - Natural Factors. INDEX
https://shop.naturesfare.com/health-wellness-natural-remedies-brain-memory/
734-natural-factors-phosphatidyl-choline-pc-420mg-90-sg-.html
Ca $15.99 --- 2018-08-31
90 capsules ---

Phosphatidyl choline is the nutrient precursor to acetylcholine, an important brain chemical (neurotransmitter) involved in both memory and thought. In healthy people, phosphatidyl choline can

• enhance mental function,
• needed to build cell membranes,
• improve nerve cell efficiency,
• repair neurons,
• nutritional support for healthy liver function.

Ingredients:
• 420 mg --- Phosphatidylcholine (from 1200 mg of phosphatidylcholine enriched soy lecithin – soybean oil complex from Glycine max seed)-
  Non-medicinal ingredients -
• softgel (gelatin, glycerin, purified water)

Product: Milk Thistle, Mariendistel Formula, 110 caps - Naka. INDEX
https://www.nationalnutrition.ca/detail.aspx?ID=2858
Brand: Naka --- includes Bonus item
Reg: $29.99 --- Sale: $24.99 --- (Savings: $5.00)
110 capsules --- Take 1 capsule, 3 times daily before meals,

"Mariendistel" brand milk thistle from Naka is a high potency supplement
ideal for detoxification, weight loss and digestive support.
Formulated with a blend of supportive herbs including Dandelion, Artichoke, Beet Root and more.

Ingredients:
Each capsule contains ..
• 200 mg --- Milk Thistle Extract (std. to 80% Silymarin)
• 100 mg --- Dandelion Root Powder
•  60 mg --- Schizandra Extract (std. to 2% schizandrins)
•  90 mg --- Beet Root Powder
•  70 mg --- Barberry Bark Powder
•  70 mg --- Artichoke Leaf Powder
•  50 mg --- Bromelain Powder
•  50 mg --- Garcinia Powder
•  60 mg --- Guggul Extract (std. to 2.5% guggulsterones)
  Non-medicinal ingredients:
• Gelatin capsules,
• magnesium stearate and
• rice flour.

PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS:

1. Supports liver cleansing & detoxification
2. Helpful digestive aid; stimulates digestive juices
3. Weight management aid
4. Encourages liver regeneration

SUGGESTED USE:
Take 1 capsule, 3 times daily before meals.

Product: Super Thyslin Liver Support, 60 caps - Natures Way. INDEX
https://shop.naturesfare.com/health-wellness-detox-cleanse-liver/
13591-nature-s-way-super-thisilyn-liver-support-60-vc-.html
Ca $29.99 Regular -- $00.00 Special --- 60 vcaps

Ingredients:
• 175 mg -- Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) 80% Silymarin
•  50 mg --- Artichoke 8:1 (Cynara cardunculus)
•  50 mg --- Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
•  50 mg --- L-Methionine
•  50 mg --- N-acetyl-L-cysteine
•  50 mg --- Turmeric (Curcuma longa) 95% curcuminoids
•  25 mg --- Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
•  25 mg --- Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
•  25 mg --- DL-alpha-Lipoic acid
•  25 mg --- Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
  Non-medicinal ingredients -
• plant-derived capsule,
• vegetable magnesium stearate,
• silica

Super Thyslin® is a combination of herbals, amino acids and food based nutrients to support liver health and digestive disturbances.

Unlike other milk thistle extracts that clump in the digestive tract, thisilyn dissolves easily and yields an effective dose of its Silymarin bioflavonoid complex. Super Thisilyn® provides the full clinical dose for the body to absorb and utilize in the liver.

Product: Milk Thistle®, Super -- Enzymatic Therapy -- 120 UltraCaps. INDEX
https://www.vitacost.com/enzymatic-therapy-super-milk-thistle-120-ultracaps-1
Retail price: $40.50 -- Our price: US $19.99 -- Sale price: $17.99 -- Save: 55% --- March 27, 2018

Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Servings per Container: 120

Milk Thistle Phytosome
100 mg --- One part Milk Thistle Fruit Extract, standardized to 80% Silymarin
(26.6 mg), bound to two parts soy lecithin, using a proprietary process for improved absorption

40 mg --- Artichoke Leaf Extract standardized to 13-18% caffeylquinic acids (5.2-7.2 mg) calculated as chlorogenic acid
10 mg --- Dandelion Root Extract
10 mg --- Licorice Root Extract standardized to 5% glycyrrhizic acid (0.5 mg)

Recommendation: Take 1 capsule two or three times daily.

Caution:
Do not use this product if pregnant, nursing; have high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, gallstones, intestinal obstruction/inflammation or bile duct obstruction. Do not use if you have allergies to plants of the Asteraceae (compositae) family including ragweed. If you are taking medications or have gastrointestinal disease, consult a healthcare professional before us.

The product packaging you receive may contain additional details or may differ from what is shown on our website.
We recommend that you reference the complete information included with your product before consumption and do not rely solely on the details shown on this page.

Product: Milk Thistle, 1000 mg, EBYSU INDEX
https://www.amazon.ca/EBYSU-Milk-Thistle-Concentrated-Vegetarian/dp/B07113STLV/...
200 Day Supply - 1000 mg, Max Strength 4X Concentrated Extract 4:1 - 200 Vegetarian Capsules
Sale: Ca $ 19.86

Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Servings per Container: 200

Milk Thistle Phytosome
250 mg --- Milk Seed Extract, Silyburn marianum -- equivalent to 1000 mg of Milk Thistle

Other ingredients:
Vegetable cellulose,
microcrystaline cellulose,
Magnesium stearate,
Silica

Recommendation: Take 1 capsule two or three times daily.

Our Milk Thistle Extract contains only premium ingredients from the most reputable and accountable industry sources.
There are cheaper supplements on the market, but EBYSU is a high-quality provider that refuses to compromise.

High potency:
Our doctor-formulated supplements offer the highest potency Milk Thistle Extract, for effective and efficient results.

Professional:
Our medical partners are industry leaders, renown in their field.
Their proprietary formulations are the backbone of the brand, giving us a unique competitive advantage and pride in our products.

Health Canada Licensed:
Our supplements are manufactured in America at our GMP- and FDA-compliant facility.
We uphold the most rigorous standards in testing.

Honor:
All of our products come with a 100% money-back guarantee.
We put the highest value on customer satisfaction and this is reflected in our “buck stops here” guarantee.

Product: Milk Thistle, Organika, 250 mg. INDEX
http://www.nationalnutrition.ca/detail.aspx?ID=2109
Reg: $25.98 -- Sale: $17.99 -- (Savings: $7.99) -- 90 caps
Two for One Deal -- March 27, 2018

Derived from fresh European source milk thistle plants, Organika's milk thistle provides liver detoxification and support in a convenient standardized extract capsule. Prescribed by doctors in Europe to patients with compromised livers, milk thistle has been clinically proven to cleanse the liver of toxins, regenerate damaged liver cells, and optimize the production of bile. Organika's milk thistle can be used for daily cleansing in a moderate dose, or for more intensive cleansing in a higher dose.

Ingredients:
250 mg --- Milk Thistle Seed Standardized 80% Extract
(Silybum marianum) (Providing 200 mg Silymarin)
Non-Medicinal Ingredients:

Microcrystalline cellulose,
Magnesium stearate,
Brown rice flour,
Hypromellose

HIGHLIGHTS:
• Standardized 80% Extract.
• Protects liver and aids in detoxification.
• Supports digestion by increasing bile secretion.
• Stimulates glutathione production by the liver.
• Great addition to any detox program or on its own!

SUGGESTED USE:
1 capsule with a meal per day.

Milk Thistle - For Liver Health
Milk thistle was used historically as a digestive aid, to promote the flow of digestive juices, and as a tonic for nursing mothers, to increase milk supply. Nowadays it’s popularity stems from its ability to detoxify and protect a very important organ, the liver.

Our liver is responsible for filtering out most everything that should not be in our body and processing it so that it doesn’t cause damage to other cells. It also metabolizes hormones and fats, and makes sure that the transportation system for fats (cholesterol) is working properly. The livers secretions, called bile, carry metabolized waste products out into the intestine where they can be excreted.

The medicinal activity of milk thistle is in a molecule called Silymarin.
It causes liver cells, hepatocytes, to resist toxic compounds and regenerate themselves.
It also increases glutathione in the liver. Glutathione is an antioxidant that the liver uses to catch damaging free radicals that are created when the liver changes toxins into harmless chemicals. Silymarin also blocks the toxic effects of drug overdoses and poisonings.

Milk thistle is a bitter herb that causes the release of digestive juices and bile, thus helping with indigestion and intestinal cleansing. Natural health practitioners recommend milk thistle for liver toxicity, indigestion, poisonings, drug overdoses, hepatitis, jaundice, gallbladder dysfunction and high cholesterol.

What is Glutathione?
Glutathione is a sulphur-based molecule made from three amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid.
It is an important antioxidant in the liver’s detoxification pathways. Glutathione changes chemicals and metabolic byproducts into harmless substances for excretion from the body, by deactivating harmful free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that in their bid to become more stable must bump into healthy cells and cause damage. Glutathione is responsible for detoxifying many compounds, including those found in cigarette smoke, alcohol, aspirin and acetaminophen. As an antioxidant in other parts of the body, glutathione protects red blood cells, helps immune cells kill invading microbes and stops cells from being harmed by radiation.

Detoxification
The liver processes the majority of toxins in the body.
It excretes most of the processed toxins through the bile and into the intestine.
Most medications are also processed in the liver.
If you are on prescription medication consult your health professional before cleansing the liver.

Detoxification involves dietary, supplemental and physical interventions.
It usually focuses on one or more of the main organs of detoxification, the liver, kidneys, bowels, lungs or skin.

Your body needs a variety of vitamins, minerals, and other molecules so that it can process and excrete toxins.
It is important for you to help your body by giving it a variety of fresh and nutritious foods.
These suggestions are intended as a guide. Do not consume any food that you are sensitive to even if it is listed here.

Try to Avoid:
packaged or fast foods, coffee, black tea, chocolate, alcohol, white sugar, salt, condiments, tobacco, dairy products, fried food, preservatives or artificial sweeteners

Product: Hepatiben Liver Detox & Gut Restoration. INDEX
https://shop.livermedic.com/product/fatty-liver-supplements-hepatiben/
Regular: US 43.99 --- Special: US $32.99
60 Veggie Capsules/Bottle --- 1 month, or, 2 weeks.
MAINTENANCE: Take 2 capsules at night with water ...
CLINICAL USE : Take 2 capsules after breakfast and 2 at night with water ...

12534 Wiles Rd
Coral Springs, FL 33076
800.387.2278

Features:
• 8 leading ingredients for liver detox and gut repair support
• Silybin: 10x the strength of Milk Thistle
• Rejuvenates liver cells by boosting Glutathione replenishment
• Supports normal liver enzyme, blood sugar levels
• Reduces inflammation and endorsed by Health Practitioners

LIVER DETOX
• 200 mg --- Silybin
• 300 mg --- MSM
• 100 mg --- Turmeric
• 300 mg --- NAC

LEAKY GUT RESTORATION

• 300 mg --- Phosphatidylcholine
• 100 mg --- Berberine
• 100 mg --- Glutathione
• 100 mg --- Alpha Lipoic Acid

Silybin (Milk Thistle) – 200 mg
Silybin or Silybum marianum is the active compound in Milk Thistle and responsible for its liver-protecting attributes.
Milk thistle benefits are well documented in liver detoxification. It neutralizes liver toxins, promotes regeneration of hepatic cells and decreases inflammation. Though not all milk thistle is the same and our raw material has been specifically tested for potency. Silybum marianum benefits are enhanced when combined with Phosphatidylcholine.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) – 300 mg
An organic form of sulfur. MSM is essential in creating new hepatic cells.
It is also needed to form Glutathione, ... Liver function is greatly enhanced in studies incorporating MSM in the regimen.

Turmeric (95% Curcuminoids) – 100 mg
... it has been used for arthritis, heartburn (dyspepsia), joint pain, stomach pain, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, bypass surgery, hemorrhage, diarrhea, intestinal gas, stomach bloating, loss of appetite, jaundice, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, stomach ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome and liver inflammation. It’s important this not be combined with black pepper as is so often the case in other formulations. Black pepper interrupts the detox cycle in the liver, this is exactly what we are up regulating.

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) – 300 mg
... ability of NAC to arrest acute liver damage. NAC rapidly restores depleted glutathione levels, sparing liver cells from the ravages of toxic/oxidant damage. NAC alone can reduce liver enzymes significantly.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) – 300 mg
Elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine help in “Leaky Gut” repair as many with decreased liver function complain of irritable bowel syndrome. The choline compound also increases the effectiveness of Silymarin 2-3x. defend cell membrane during oxidative stress from being broken down. ...

Berberine – 100 mg
Aids in repairing “Leaky Gut” and reducing irritable bowel syndrome.
Berberine also plays role in glycemic regulation in its activation of AMPK.
Some studies have found it to be more effective than Metformin (Type II Diabetic drug).
It holds anti-obesity effects and lowers triglyceride and cholesterol levels; additionally antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiviral properties.

L-Glutathione – 100 mg
Critical in Phase 2 liver metabolism [detox phase] and an important part of any detox diet.
Glutathione neutralizes toxins, prevents build-up of fat cells and protects against liver damage.
Insufficient amounts of Glutathione during Phase 2 detoxification leaves very toxic compounds behind to be stored in fat cells. It also reduces inflammation in the intestinal lining; working in concert with berberine and phosphatidylcholine to reduce irritable bowel syndrome and “leaky gut”.

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) – 100 mg
... ALA can protect the body in fat and water-soluble liver environments.
ALA does three critical things;

1. Supports Glutathione and other antioxidants regeneration,
2. Normalizes liver enzyme and
3. Supports proper blood-sugar levels.
Additionally, ALA has anti-aging properties.

Product: TBMP Medulla Complex, Thiamine & Choline - Genestra. INDEX
https://well.ca/products/genestra-tbmp-medulla-complex_139009.html
$30.49 --- 60 Vegetarian Capsules ---
Take one capsule, two times daily -- with meals
We are only able to ship this item to Canadian customers.

LINK 2: https://www.ovitaminpro.com/gnstbmpmedullacomplex.html
OVitaminPro (for USA customers) --- USA $21.30 -- 2018-09-01
1801 E William St. Suite G, Carson City, NV 89701
1.877.465.0844 --- 775-461-0576
As of March 23, 2018 we only ship to addresses in the USA and Canada.
In Canada, DHEA, pregnenolone, and progesterone products are not (usually) allowed through customs.
Most Neuroscience products can now be shipped to Canada.

LINK 3: http://www.oakwayhealthcenter.com/store/
seroyal_genestra_tbmp-medulla-complex.html
USA $21.30 --- 2018-09-01 ---
Oakway Health Center, Inc.
Willamette Valley, in western Oregon.
TOLL FREE : 888-460-3091
Hours of Operation: Mondays through Fridays 9:00 am - 5:00 pm PST
customerservice@oakwayhealthcenter.com
We DO NOT ship outside the continental U.S. except to Alaska & Hawaii.

LINK 4: https://www.seroyal.ca/products/by-brand/genestra/tbmp.html
(Sometimes only the manufacturer knows the correct contents, or not !)
SRP: USA $30.49 --- 1-800-263-5861

TBMP Medulla Complex contains thiamin, choline, whole brain concentrate, and other ingredients to support nervous system, brain and endocrine dysfunction, pineal, pituitary glands, cerebellum, hypothalamus, stress, mental fatigue, dementia, senility, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, concussions, comas and loss of motor control Recommended use is 2 capsules twice daily with meals

Thiamine is an essential cofactor in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.
It is necessary for the normal activity of four enzymes involved in:

1) conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA for energy production in the Krebs cycle;
2) conversion of a-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA in the Krebs cycle;
3) synthesis of nucleic acids and lipids; 4) breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

Deficiencies in thiamine may also lead to decreases in complexin I and II, proteins that regulate the release of neurotransmitters.

Choline is an essential nutrient that can be converted into phosphatidylcholine, an important component of lipid membranes, or acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter involved in learning and sleep.

Ingredients:, per daily dose of 2 capsules
•   24 mg --- thiamine (USA: 12?)
  --- Thiamin Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) -- 6 mg (per capsule ?)
•   96 mg --- calcium

• 100 mg --- choline (USA: 50?)
  --- Choline (Bitartrate) -- 25 mg (per capsule)

• 200 mg --- whole brain concentrate - Porcine (Sus scrofa) Brain
  --- Whole Brain Concentrate (New Zealand Bovine) -- 100 mg (per capsule ?)
  --- Including pineal, cerebrum, hypothalamus and pituitary
  Other Ingredients:
• Hypromellose,
• dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate,
• cellulose,
• magnesium silicate,
• magnesium stearate.

Dosage: (as per the Oakway Health Center LINK)

Adults: 
1 to 2 capsules, 2 to 3 times daily with meals.

Trauma, Injury: 
2 to 3 capsules, 3 to 4 times daily with meals until symptoms subside.

Alzheimer's disease, Dementia: 
2 capsules 2 to 3 times daily with meals.

Chemotherapy: 
2 to 3 capsules, 3 to 4 times daily with meals during treatment. 
Continue with regular adult's dosage for three months.

Children under 12: 
1 capsule 2 to 3 times daily with meals.

Trauma, Injury: 
1 to 2 capsules, 3 to 4 times daily with meals until symptoms subside.

Chemotherapy: 
1 to 2 capsules, 3 to 4 times daily with meals during treatment. 
Continue with regular children's dosage for three months.

Product: Phos Choline Phospholipid Formula - Genestra. INDEX
https://well.ca/products/genestra-phos-choline-phospholipid_109372.html
$22.99 --- 2018-09-01
90 softgels --- 2 capsules daily with meals
We are only able to ship this item to Canadian customers.

LINK 2: http://www.healthpalace.ca/genestra-phos-choline-90-capsules/
Retail Price: Ca $27.05 --- Special Price: Ca $22.99 --- (You save $4.06) --- 2018-09-01

Genestra Phos Choline is a concentrated lecithin-derived phospholipid formula.

Features:

Provides 2880 mg of phosphatides per daily dose (2 capsules)
Supports liver health Phos Choline provides phospholipids that help to support liver function

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the primary phospholipid (also known as phosphatide) found in lecithin.
It is an important component of cell membranes and is highly concentrated in hepatocytes.

All lipoproteins are rich in PC, and are primarily produced in the liver.
Normal PC levels may help to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation as PC is necessary for the production and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which transport triglycerides from the liver.

PC deficiencies may lead to VLDL and triglyceride buildup in the liver, which negatively affects liver function and health. Recent in vitro studies show that hepatocytes also overproduce free radicals when grown in choline deficient medium; excess reactive oxygen species production can lead to DNA damage and impair liver function.

In a randomized, double blind trial, 57 healthy adults were fed diets low in choline.
After 6 weeks of depletion, fatty liver, liver damage and/or muscle damage was observed among 68% of participants.
When choline was replenished in the diet, the organ dysfunction was resolved in all participants within 6 weeks.

Ingredients: per capsule
• 1200 mg --- Soy Lecithin (from Glycine Max bean)
  720 mg --- yielding this quantity of Phosphatides
  Other Ingredients:
• Gelatin,
• Glycerin USP,
• Purified water

Brand: Genestra Brands

Product: Super Milk Thistle X, 120 Caps - Integrative Therapeutics. INDEX
http://www.healthpalace.ca/integrative-therapeutics-super-milk-thistle-x-120-veg-capsules/
Retail Price: $42.49 --- Special Price: $33.99 --- (You save $8.50) --- 2018-09-01
120-veg-capsules --- Serving Size: 1 Veg Capsule

Super Milk Thistle X is a liver cleansing formula featuring a bioavailable milk thistle extract in combination with other supportive herbs.* Super Milk Thistle X combines artichoke extract, dandelion leaf extract, and licorice root extract with a milk thistle fruit extract, standardized to contain 80% Silymarin and complexed with phosphatidylcholine for improved absorption.

Ingredients:
• 40 mg --- artichoke extract,
  ---- standardized to contain 13%-18% caffeoylquinic acids calculated as chlorogenic acid.

• 30 mg --- dandelion leaf extract, (Taraxacum officinale)

• 10 mg --- licorice root extract, (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
  ---- Root and Rhizome Extract standardized to contain 5% glycyrrhizic acid

• 140 mg --- milk thistle fruit extract,
  ---- standardized to contain 80% Silymarin
• phosphatidylcholine
  Additional ingredients:
• cellulose,
• vegetable capsule (modified cellulose),
• magnesium stearate, and
• silicon dioxide.

If pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription drugs, consult your healthcare professional prior to use.

 : INDEX