Top INDEX
• -Basics: Enhancement.
• General: Glucosamine.
• -Benefits: Health Applications.
• Cautions: Side Effects.

• -Benefits of Bone Broths.
• Comment: ... glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity.
• - Toxicity: Study of Glucosamine Sulfate Capsules.

  Product Possibilities, NOT Recommendations.

  Product: Bone Broth Protein™, Vanilla.

  Product: Ultra Joint Forte, Douglas Laboratories.

  Product: Glucosamine Chondritin, 1000 Mg, Natural Factors.

• Insight: Improves Digestion & Eases Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
• Insight: Ingredients that enhance and boost Detoxification.
• Insight: Tissue Building and Protecting reduces aging.
• Insight: Limitations of ALL Laboratory Research Findings.

• -Focus-: Monographs on Toxins and Enhancers.

Basics: Enhancement. INDEX
https://draxe.com/glucosamine/
Glucosamine Heals the Body in 4 Major Ways — Do You Have Enough?
Dr. Josh Axe is on a mission to provide you and your family with the highest quality nutrition tips and healthy recipes in the world. ...

Glucosamine is a compound naturally found within the cartilage of our joints, made from chains of sugars and proteins bound together. It acts as one of the body’s natural shock-absorbents and joint lubricants, allowing us to move around without (or at least with less) joint, bone and muscle pains.

Glucosamine possesses natural anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.
One of the most popular supplements taken by people with bone and joint pain, glucosamine aids in treating common symptoms of age-related disorders like arthritis and osteoarthritis. It can also help improve digestion and gut health, mobility, range of motion and general joint health, even in healthy people who have no chronic joint or bowel disorders.

Without glucosamine, everyday movements and tasks would be very difficult and painful.
The body needs glucosamine for the synthesis of certain proteins and lipids (fats) that form various important tissues, especially cartilage. This plays an important part in the construction of our joints, tendons and ligaments. In addition, it helps form the fluids that surround joints and provide lubrication. (This is called synovial fluid). Glucosamine also serves an important role in microbiome health. It helps form connective tissue that make up parts of the digestive tract, a system that helps the immune system function.

Although not every person with severe joint pain will benefit from glucosamine supplementation, many find some relief from pain within just 6 to 8 weeks. Many people do benefit from it, though, experiencing quality of life improvements like natural relief from arthritis, better digestive health, lower inflammation or less bone pain. It can be used for years safely to combat signs of aging and improve overall quality of life, with little to no side effects or risks in most people.

How Does Glucosamine Work?
Most of the research done on glucosamine looked specifically at the benefits of glucosamine sulfate, the natural chemical found in the human body. Researchers believe that using glucosamine supplements or obtaining it from natural sources like bone broth increases the amount of cartilage and fluid that surrounds our joints. This helps prevent joint breakdown and reduces pain.

Glucosamine is an aminosaccharide that helps create cartilage from compounds called aggrecan and proteoglycans.
Since joint deterioration and loss of cartilage are common osteoarthritis triggers, you can see why glucosamine’s cartilage-building properties are important ways to naturally ease symptoms of the condition.

There’s no current recommended daily dosage for glucosamine, but most people do best when taking 500 milligrams to 1500 milligrams daily, whether alone or in combination with other supplements (like sulfate, omega-3s or MSM supplements). Studies show this dosage range helps:

• lower inflammation and help reverse autoimmune reactions
• preserve joint health
• reduce joint pain and tenderness
• protect and repair gut lining
• fight irritation to the stomach, bladder and intestines
• treat inflammatory bowel disease and leaky gut syndrome
• rebuild tissue and stronger bones following fractures or injuries

Remember, the most commonly recommended form of glucosamine is glucosamine sulfate.
The “sulfate” seems to play an important part in joint health because it helps the body produce cartilage.
Glucosamine sulfate seems to provide more of an impact compared to the other forms of glucosamine, including glucosamine hydrochloride or N-acetyl glucosamine.

How to Use Glucosamine: Supplement Types & Dosages ...

“Glucosamine Chondroitin” & MSM
You’ll probably notice that glucosamine and chondroitin are two supplements often taken together in order to improve results, since both help create molecules that form cartilage, the spongy-substance found within the spaces between our joints that help attach muscles to bones.

A glucosamine chondroitin supplement is synthesized in labs, but each can be found in nature, too.
Natural glucosamine used in high-quality supplements is usually derived from the “exoskeltons” of shellfish, including shrimp, crab and lobster. These creatures all contain glucosamine in their rigid, external shells. Less often, glucosamine comes from certain fermented grains.

Chondroitin, on the other hand, is derived from the natural cartilage of animals like cows and chickens.
It’s found in high amounts in their bones, skin and tissues.
Drinking bone broth is probably the greatest way to obtain both glucoasmine and chondroitin at home, since the bones, connective tissues and other animal parts used to make the broth leach out high amounts of these nutrients in an easy-to-absorb form. If using a supplement, look for liquid glucosamine, which is easier for the body to absorb than a powder. For helping to ease joint or arthritis pain, you can alternatively look for glucosamine in certain skin creams used to lower inflammation and swelling when rubbed into the painful area.

...

General: Glucosamine. INDEX
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine

Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of the polysaccharides chitosan and chitin, which compose the exoskeletons of crustaceans and other arthropods, as well as the cell walls of fungi and many higher organisms. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. It is produced commercially by the hydrolysis of crustacean exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat.

Evidence for the effectiveness of glucosamine supplements is mixed.
In the United States, it is one of the most common non-vitamin, non-mineral, dietary supplements used by adults.

Most glucosamine is manufactured by processing chitin from the shells of shellfish including shrimp, lobsters, and crabs.
To meet the demands of vegetarians and others with objections to shellfish, manufacturers have brought glucosamine products to market made using fungus Aspergillus niger and from fermenting corn.

Glucosamine was first prepared in 1876 by Georg Ledderhose by the hydrolysis of chitin with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
The stereochemistry was not fully determined until the 1939 work of Walter Haworth.

Benefits: Health Applications. INDEX
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine
LINK 2: https://draxe.com/glucosamine/

One clinical study over 3 years showed that glucosamine in doses of 1500 mg per day is safe to use.

Potential Benefits may include
• reducing water loss,
• maintain healthy cartilage and joints,
• helps to relieve joint pain,
• provide biologically available sulfur,
• reduce hip and knee osteoarthritis,
• support the structure and function of joints.

4 Benefits of Glucosamine

1. Helps Improve Joint Health & Osteoarthritis
   Glucosamine is one of the best supplements for supporting joint health and lowering symptoms related to degenerative disorders like osteoarthritis. Aging naturally impacts the strength and durability of our joints, normally causing cartilage loss and joint pain over time. It doesn’t improve symptoms 100 percent of the time, but compared to many other supplements like chondroitin, glucosmine consistently ranks as one of the most effective for treating arthritis discomfort.

   Glucosamine slows down deterioration of joints when used long-term, plus it offers other benefits that prescription painkillers cannot (such as lowering chronic inflammation and improving digestive health). The results of taking glucosamine differ from person to person, but some long-term users often report pain relief that allows them to avoid surgeries and lower or eliminate medication use.
   
   

   Osteoarthritis is a disorder characterized by ongoing joint pain caused from years of accumulating pressure and friction places on joints. It’s the most common type of arthritis worldwide, effecting millions of people (especially older adults). Glucosamine is one of the top supplements I recommend as part of a natural treatment approach for managing arthritis with diet and lifestyle changes.

   Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease, so it becomes harder to move over the years as joint friction increases.
   Studies show that taking about 800 to 1,500 milligrams of glucosamine daily can help millions of people suffering from degenerative joint diseases, preventing further damage, especially in commonly effected joints such as those in the knees and hips. It has been shown to help offer relief from joint pain within 4 – 8 weeks, which might be longer than some prescriptions or over-the-counter pain killers, but it’s also a more natural and well-tolerated approach.

   Glucosamine, whether used alone or in combination with other supplements like chondroitin, is not a “cure all” and guaranteed to help everyone, but major studies have found it can help many, especially those impacted most by arthritis. The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT), which is considered the most comprehensive trial ever done involving glucosamine, found that the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate used for 8 weeks resulted in significant relief in the majority of study participants who had high amounts of joint pain. Many experienced improvements regarding their moderate-to-severe knee pains, although not all did (including those with milder pains).
   
   

2. Improves Digestion & Eases Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
   Glucosamine is a helpful supplement for improving digestive function and repairing the lining of the GI tract.
   It’s even been shown to be an effective leaky gut supplement, combating a condition sometimes called “intestinal permeability.” This condition involves undigested food particles and proteins (like gluten, toxins and microbes) passing into the bloodstream through tiny openings in the lining of the GI tract.

   Once these particles enter the bloodstream, they often trigger inflammation or initiate or worsen immune responses in the body. These include food sensitivities, arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Glucosamine supplements, or naturally glucosamine-rich bone broth, help repair damaged tissue and lower inflammation related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a set of conditions that are notoriously painful and hard to treat. The supplement may also help repair the lining of the bladder and stomach and intestines.
   
   

   In 2000, researchers from the University Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology at University College School of Medicine found that glucosamine was an effective, inexpensive and nontoxic supplement used for treating chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Children affected by inflammatory bowel disease tend to have lower levels of glucosamine in the body. Interestingly, N-acetyl supplementation (GlcNAc) offered a mode of action distinct from conventional treatments, resulting in lower symptoms in 75 percent of patients.

   The researchers found evidence of significant improvements in the majority of patients using glucosamine, even those who were unresponsive to other anti-inflammatory medications and antibiotics. Results showed improved integrity of the GI tract and restoration of healthy epithelial cell structures that helped stop gut permeability.
   
   

3. Can Help Relieve TMJ Symptoms
   TMJ (a disorder related to the temporo-manibular joint in the jaw) is common in young to middle-aged adults and characterized by frequent jaw and neck pains, headaches and trouble sleeping. TMJ affects the joint that connects the jaw to the skull and allows for the head to move up and down, or side to side, normally without pain.

   As the TMJ joint becomes inflamed and worn down, pain worsens.
   This makes it harder to talk, eat and function normally. Studies suggest glucosamine helps ease TMJ symptoms and pain in people with arthritis that effects the jaw. The pain relief is on par with taking NSAID pain relievers can (such as ibuprofen or Advil). Taking 500 to 1500 milligrams of glucosamine daily for several months or years may help you sleep better, chew and heal while lowering inflammation in the jaw long-term.
   
   

4. Helps Alleviate Bone Pain
   Many people with bone pain, low bone density and a history of fractures can benefit from taking glucosamine, which assists bone healing. This is especially true if they also have joint pains or a form of arthritis.

   Some evidence suggests that glucosamine helps preserve articular cartilage surrounding bones, decreases pain, increases physical function, and enhances activities in people with bone disorders or those who are at most at risk for bone loss (such as middle-aged and older women).

   A 2013 study by the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at Haseki Training and Research Hospital in Turkey found that glucosamine helped speed up the time it took rats to heal from bone fractures. Those researchers found that new bone formation and osteoblast lining were significantly higher in glucosamine-treated rats compared to those in control groups. After 4 weeks of taking 230 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate daily, the rats’ connective tissue surrounding bones were more cellular and vascular, and the newly formed bones that were previously fractured were stronger compared to controls.

In most of Europe, glucosamine is approved as a medical drug and is sold in the form of glucosamine sulfate.
In this case, evidence of safety and efficacy is required for the medical use of glucosamine and several guidelines have recommended its use as an effective and safe therapy for osteoarthritis.

The Task Force of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) committee has granted glucosamine sulfate a level of toxicity of 5 in a 0-100 scale, and recent OARSI (OsteoArthritis Research Society International) guidelines for hip and knee osteoarthritis indicate an acceptable safety profile.

Cautions: Side Effects. INDEX
https://draxe.com/glucosamine/
LINK 2: https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/arthritis/
safe-use-glucosamine-and-chondroitin-sulfate-supplements
LINK 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine

Glucosamine Side Effects & Interactions
Since it’s already present within the human body, glucosamine is usually very safe and well-tolerated.
Many studies have found that using glucosamine daily for 6 to 8 weeks improves symptoms in most adults and poses a very low risk of side effects.

However, there are times when it can cause side effects in some people, especially if they have an allergy to the source used to make glucosamine supplements. (Or if it interacts with another prescription.) If you have a known seafood/shellfish allergy, make sure to carefully avoid supplements created from these sources by checking the label and ingredient information.

Adverse effects may include
• stomach upset,
• constipation,
• diarrhea,
• headache, and
• rash.

There are case reports of people who have chronic liver disease and a worsening of their condition with glucosamine supplementation.

Oral glucosamine is a dietary supplement and is not a pharmaceutical drug.
It is illegal in the US to market any dietary supplement as a treatment for any disease or condition.
Glucosamine is marketed to support the structure and function of joints, and the marketing is targeted to people suffering from osteoarthritis.

Although rare, potential side effects of glucosamine supplements include:
• indigestion,
• nausea,
• heartburn,
• diarrhea,
• constipation,
• skin reactions and
• headaches.

It’s not well known how glucosamine effects women during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, so it’s best to avoid taking supplements during those times unless being monitored. There’s also some evidence that glucosamine supplements (usually when taken in high doses) might have the potential to cause changes in cholesterol, insulin and blood sugar levels in people with diabetes or high cholesterol, so be careful if you fall into these categories and consider getting your doctor’s advice.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Contraindications and Warnings

It is known that the following groups of patients should only take the supplements under close medical supervision or should avoid them altogether:

• Diabetic patients should only use glucosamine sulfate supplements under close medical supervision, as some studies suggest that glucosamine sulfate may increase insulin resistance.

• Patients who are allergic to shellfish should consult their physician before taking glucosamine sulfate supplements. However, an allergy to shellfish does not usually pose a limitation for taking glucosamine sulfate, as glucosamine sulfate is extracted from chitin, a carbohydrate, whereas shellfish allergies are most often caused by a protein.

• Children, as well as women who are pregnant and/or nursing, or who could become pregnant.
  There is currently not enough research available to determine whether or not taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements has negative effects on young children or fetuses.

• Patients taking blood-thinning medications or daily aspirin should not take chondroitin sulfate, as it may contribute to bleeding.

Benefits of Bone Broths. INDEX
https://draxe.com/the-healing-power-of-bone-broth-for-digestion-arthritis-and-cellulite/
Bone Broth Benefits for Digestion, Arthritis and Cellulite.
Dr. Josh Axe is on a mission to provide you and your family with the highest quality nutrition tips and healthy recipes in the world. ...

... Bone broth or stock was a way our ancestors made use of every part of an animal.
Bones and marrow, skin and feet, tendons and ligaments that you can’t eat directly can be boiled and then simmered over a period of days. This simmering causes the bones and ligaments to release healing compounds like collagen, proline, glycine and glutamine that have the power to transform your health.

Nutrition researchers Sally Fallon and Kaayla Daniel of the Weston A. Price Foundation explain that bone broths contain minerals in forms that your body can easily absorb: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur and others. They contain chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine, the compounds sold as pricey supplements to reduce inflammation, arthritis and joint pain.

A study of chicken soup (broth) conducted by the University of Nebraska Medical Center wondered what it was in the soup that made it so beneficial for colds and flu. Researchers found that the amino acids that were produced when making chicken stock reduced inflammation in the respiratory system and improved digestion. Also, research is proving it can also boost the immune system and heal disorders like allergies, asthma and arthritis.

Fallon explains that most store-bought “stock and “broth” today aren’t “REAL.” Instead, companies use lab-produced meat flavors in bouillon cubes, soup and sauce mixes. Also, manufacturers began using monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is recognized as a meat flavor but in reality is a neurotoxin. ...

1. Protects Joints
Bone broth is one of world’s best sources of natural collagen, the protein found in vertebrae animals — in their bones, skin, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and bone marrow. As we get older, our joints naturally experience wear and tear, and we become less flexible.

Why does that matter? As we age, cartilage diminishes as it gets attacked by antibodies (age-related degradation of joint cartilage). As bone broth simmers, collagen from the animal parts leaches into the broth and becomes readily absorbable to help restore cartilage.

One of the most valuable components of bone broth stock is gelatin, which acts like a soft cushion between bones that helps them “glide” without friction. Gelatin also provides us with building blocks that are needed to form and maintain strong bones, helping take pressure off of aging joints and supporting heathy bone mineral density. ...

2. Good for the Gut
Studies show that gelatin is beneficial for restoring strength of the gut lining and fighting food sensitivities (such as to wheat or dairy), helping with the growth of probiotics (good bacteria) in the gut, and supporting healthy inflammation levels in the digestive tract. A report published in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology found that gelatin effectively supports intestinal health and integrity.

Bone broth stock is easily digested and soothing to the digestive system, unlike many other foods, which can be difficult to fully break down. After all, a food is really only useful if we have the means of absorbing its nutrients.

Studies have found that in individuals with digestive imbalances, serum concentrations of collagen are decreased.
Because the amino acids in collagen build the tissue that lines the colon and entire GI tract, supplementing with collagen can support healthy digestive function.

3. Maintains Healthy Skin
Collagen helps form elastin and other compounds within skin that are responsible for maintaining skin’s youthful tone, texture and appearance. Collagen integrity is accredited with helping reduce the visible signs of wrinkles, decreasing puffiness and fighting various other signs of aging. Many people report a decrease in cellulite when consuming foods and supplements containing collagen, since cellulite forms due to a lack of connective tissue, allowing skin to lose its firm tone.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigating the age-defending properties of collagen have found that 2.5–5 grams of collagen hydrolysate (CH) used among women aged 35–55 once daily for eight weeks supports skin elasticity, skin moisture, transepidermal water loss (dryness) and skin roughness. At the end of only four weeks, those using collagen showed a statistically significant improvement in comparison to those using a placebo with regard to skin moisture and skin evaporation, plus noticeable decreases in signs of accelerated aging, all with little to no side effects.

4. Supports Immune System Function
One of the most remarkable things about bone broth is its gut-supportive benefits, which as described above actually have a holistic effect on the body and support healthy immune system function.

Leaky gut occurs when undigested particles from foods seep through tiny openings in the weakened intestinal lining and enter the bloodstream, where the immune system detects them and becomes hyperactive. This increases inflammation and leads to dysfunctions all over, as the immune system releases high levels of antibodies that cause an autoimmune-like response and attack healthy tissue.

Bone broth is one of the most beneficial foods to consume to restore gut health and therefore support immune system function and healthy inflammation response. Collagen/gelatin and the amino acids proline, glutamine and arginine help seal these openings in the gut lining and support gut integrity. Traditionally made bone broths are believed to support healthy inflammatory response and normal immune system function. Bone broth can even promote healthy sleep, boost energy during the day and support a healthy mood.

5. Boosts Detoxification
Today in the Western world, the average person is exposed to an array of environmental toxins, pesticides, artificial ingredients and chemicals of all sorts. While the human body has its own means of detoxifying itself from heavy metals and other toxic exposures, it often has a hard time keeping up when flooded with an overwhelming amount of chemicals. Bone broth is considered a powerful detoxification agent since it helps the digestive system expel waste and promotes the liver’s ability to remove toxins, helps maintain tissue integrity, and improves the body’s use of antioxidants.

Bone broth stock contains potassium and glycine, which support both cellular and liver detoxification.
Some of the ways in which bone broth boosts detoxification is by supplying sulfur (especially when you add veggies, garlic and herbs to your broth) and glutathione, which is a phase II detoxification agent that lowers oxidative stress.

Stanford University’s Medicine Preventative Research Center has found that glutathione helps with elimination of fat-soluble compounds, especially heavy metals like mercury and lead. It also helps with the absorption of various nutrients, the use of antioxidants and with liver-cleansing functions. (9) Bone broth also increases intake of essential minerals, which act like chelators to remove toxins by stopping heavy metals from attaching to mineral receptor sites.

6. Aids the Metabolism and Promotes Anabolism
Bone broth is a great way to obtain more glutathione, which studies show plays important roles in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and regulation of cellular events. A 2004 study published in the Journal of Nutrition states that glutathione’s roles and benefits include regulating gene expressions, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transduction, cytokine production, and immune responses.

Amino acids found in bone broth stock have numerous metabolic roles, including building and repairing muscle tissue, supporting bone mineral density, boosting nutrient absorption and synthesis, and maintaining muscle and connective tissue health. Glycine found within collagen helps form muscle tissue by converting glucose into useable energy, plus it slows cartilage, tissue and muscle loss associated with aging by improving the body’s use of antioxidants. Studies have revealed that glycine protects skeletal muscle loss and stops the expression of genes associated with age-related muscle protein breakdown.

Glutamine is another amino acid that’s important for a healthy metabolism, since it helps us maintain energy by sending nutrients, including nitrogen, to our cells. Arginine also has the role of breaking down nitric oxide that helps improve circulation and sends blood and nutrients to cells throughout the body, improving muscle and tissue integrity and promoting normal wound healing.

Bone Broth Nutrition

... Here are six of the key nutritional compounds found in bone broth that help provide all these wonderful bone broth benefits.

1. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
   Glycosaminoglycans have the primary role of maintaining and supporting collagen and elastin that take up the spaces between bones and various fibers. GAGs are supportive for digestive health since they help restore the intestinal lining, which is why a deficiency in these nutrients has been linked to digestive challenges. Several important GAGs are found in bone broth, including glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate.
   
   

2. Glucosamine
   There are two main types of naturally occurring glucosamine: hydrochloride and sulfate.
   Both help keep up the integrity of cartilage, which is the rubbery substance within joints that acts like a natural cushion.
   Studies show that glucosamine can become depleted as we get older, so supplements are often used to support joint health.

   An easy and relatively inexpensive way to obtain glucosamine naturally is from drinking more bone broth, which helps support the loss of cartilage health, acting as an alternative to pricey glucosamine supplements. Consuming more glucosamine can help support joint health, flexibility and comfort.
   
   

3. Hyaluronic Acid
   Found throughout connective, epithelial (skin) and neural tissues, hyaluronic acid contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation and mitigation, allowing our cells to perform various functions throughout the body as needed. It offers support for multiple skin types and promotes healthy aging, cell rejuvenation and skin firmness.
   
   

4. Chondroitin Sulfate
   Chondroitin sulfate is a beneficial glycosaminoglycan found in the cartilage within the joints of all animals.
   It’s often used to support joint health and comfort, especially in combination with glucosamines.

   Studies have found that supplementing with chondroitin supports healthy inflammation response as well as cardiovascular health, bone health, skin health and healthy cholesterol levels.
   
   

5. Minerals and Electrolytes
   Bone broth provides essential minerals, including electrolytes, all provided in an easy-to-absorb form.
   Electrolytes found within bone broth include calcium, magnesium and potassium (not to mention many other minerals, such as phosphorus), which are important for supporting healthy circulation, bone density, nerve signaling functions, heart health and digestive health.

   When added sodium levels are kept low, bone broth contains an ideal balance of sodium and potassium to support cellular health and efficiency.
   
   

6. Collagen
   Collagen is the main structural protein found within the human body that helps form connective tissue and “seals” the protective lining of the gastrointestinal tract. It’s also the gel-like, smooth structure that covers and holds our bones together, allowing us to glide and move freely.

   Irritation within the gut that impairs normal digestive functions and causes permeability, allowing particles to pass into the bloodstream, known as leaky gut.

   As a rich source of gelatin, bone broth protects and seals the mucosal lining of the GI tract, which means it improves nutrient absorption and also helps keep particles from leaching out where they shouldn’t be.

.. The Magic of Collagen and Gelatin
Real collagen is the source of stock’s immune-boosting properties.
You’ve probably seen this jiggling layer atop the broth in your cooling roasting pan and discarded it, but think again next time — this is the good stuff that provides many of the bone broth benefits available.

Collagen is the protein found in connective tissue of vertebrate animals.
It’s abundant in bone, marrow, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. The breakdown of collagen in bone broths is what produces gelatin.

Gelatin (the breakdown of collagen) was one of the first functional foods used as a medical treatment in ancient China.
Dr. Francis Pottenger and other world-class researches have found gelatin and collagen to have the listed benefits:

Gelatin helps people with food allergies and sensitivities tolerate those foods, including cow’s milk and gluten.

Collagen protects and soothes the lining of the digestive tract and can aid in healing IBS, Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis and acid reflux symptoms.

Gelatin promotes probiotic balance and growth.

Bone broth increases collagen, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and banishing cellulite.

Because gelatin helps break down proteins and soothes the gut lining, it may prove useful for leaky gut syndrome and the autoimmune disorders that accompany it.

Gelatin provides bone-building minerals in easily absorbable ways, preventing bone loss and reducing join pain.

Here is another incredible benefit from the collagen found in bone broth: It can make your skin look amazing!
According to Donna Gates, author of “Body Ecology,” bone broth benefits you skin because it makes it supple and can decrease cellulite!

She says cellulite comes from a lack of connective tissue, and if someone has very smooth skin, it’s because the skin is high in connective tissue. Gates explains that consuming collagen-rich bone broth can reduce cellulite and tighten your skin, making you look younger — adding it to the long list of bone broth benefits.

Healing Amino Acids
Gelatin in bone broths contains “conditional” amino acids arginine, glycine, glutamine and proline.
These amino acids also contribute to stock’s healing properties.

Conditional amino acids are those classified as nonessential amino acids that are essential under some conditions.
You don’t produce them very well if you are ill or stressed. Kaayla Daniel points out that unhealthy Western diets, heavy on processed carbohydrates, low in quality grass-fed animal products, and devoid of homemade soups and broths, make it likely that these amino acids are chronically essential.

Arginine
• Necessary for immune system function and wound healing
• Needed for the production and release of growth hormone
• Helps regenerate damaged liver cells
• Needed for the production of sperm

Glycine
• Prevents breakdown of protein tissue like muscle
• Used to make bile salts and glutathione
• Helps detoxify the body of chemicals and acts as antioxidant (18)
• Is a neurotransmitter that improves sleep and improves memory and performance

Proline
• Helps regenerate cartilage and heal joints
• Reduces cellulite and makes skin more supple
• Helps repair leaky gut

Glutamine
• Protects gut lining
• Metabolic fuel for cells in small intestine
• Improves metabolism and muscle building

Comment: Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity. INDEX
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1529-0131....
Comment on the letter by Danao-Camara
by Marie-Paule Guillaume MD, Anne Peretz MD
10 December 2001

We read with interest the letter to the editor by Danao-Camaro on potential side effects of glucosamine and chondroitin treatment (Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin [letter]. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853).

She reports cases of

o photosensitization,
o reversible systolic hypertension,
o proteinuria, and
o asymptomatic, reversible elevation of creatine phosphokinase levels

One of our patients, a 79-year-old woman, had myasthenia gravis controlled by low-dose methylprednisolone (4 mg/day) and cyclosporine (200 mg/day). She also had severe, painful knee osteoarthritis that did not respond well to antiinflammatory medications.

In February 2000 she began, not on the advice of a physician, to take glucosamine (1 tablet per day).

In June 2000, routine blood analysis revealed abnormalities of renal function, with elevation of both blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels but without proteinuria .... We suspected glucosamine toxicity and advised her to stop this medication.

Regular monitoring after discontinuation of the glucosamine treatment revealed gradual normalization of the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values. We did not attempt to reintroduce glucosamine later to see if the renal toxicity would recur. Nevertheless, the recovery of renal function after discontinuation of glucosamine suggested a connection between this drug and renal impairment.

We cannot exclude the possibility that the concomitant treatment with cyclosporine had an additive nephrotoxic effect.

Toxicity Study of Glucosamine Sulfate Capsules. INDEX
http://www.ijpcsonline.com/files/06-324.pdf
Senthil Kumar Krishnan, G. Pavan Kumar and R. Srinivasan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES
Vol. 2 (1) Jan - Mar 2013

Toxicology is the science of the adverse effect of chemicals on living organisms.
Toxicity study aims at discerning the complications arising from the pharmacological action of the drugs.
Special care should be taken to the solvent (or) dispersing agent of the drugs as the toxic effect may arise from the solvent as well so, here we have performed the control test animal care during the time of toxicity study is also of paramount importance.

... Experimental groups.
For determination of LD50, 6 groups of each of albino mice of either sex whose average weight was about 25gms were selected and fasted overnight before testing. ...

The purpose was to determine lethality of agent as well as to again other information on its acute toxicity.
Acute toxicity has been defined as the adverse effect appearing within and short time following the administration of a single dose of a substance. ...

Treatment period (Two treatment periods were used; same results)
The animal were fed orally with the drug for 14 days and the animals were observed up to 21 days after administration of the drug. At the end of 21 days the animals were killed and cervical dislocation. The vital organs were examined for any toxic symptoms and abnormalities which was recorded in the postmortem report.

Acute toxicity study
Acute toxicity study was done by administration of the glucosamine sulfate capsule dose as 10 times
(6.25mg/mice/day/p.o) and 20 times (12.5mg/mice/day/p.o) therapeutic dose level. After 7 days the animals were observed for any signs of toxicity or abnormalities of vital organs. At both the dose levels tested, no deviation from the normal behavior was exhibited by the mice during the entire period of study (7days).

The animals were observed for 7 days and were normal when compared to the control group, which indicates the safety of the glucosamine sulfate formulation.

On macroscopic observation of the vital organs of Group II and Group III when compared to the control group I, it was found that there was no remarkable difference indicating the non-toxic property of the newly formulated glucosamine sulfate on acute administration.

Product: Bone Broth Protein™, Vanilla. INDEX
https://www.vitacost.com/ancient-nutrition-bone-broth-protein-vanilla
Ancient Nutrition Bone Broth Protein™ Vanilla
Ancient Nutrition -- SKU #: 816401020017 -- Shipping Weight: 1.35 lb -- Servings: Approx 20
Retail price: USA $44.95 -- Our price: $39.59 -- Save: 11%

When either/and detoxing heavy metals and other toxins, and strengthening the LIVER, there is a necessity to provide a chelating/absorptive base which can combine with these toxins such that they can be excreted rather than being reabsorbed into cells and tissues. Bone broth, protein, cilantro-chlorella, and a number of other ingredients can assist in increasing this effectiveness. This also applies in controlling, reducing, and eliminating fungal toxins including Candida Albicans, and Aspergillosis.

Introducing an all natural, easily digestible PURE protein powder complete with 20 g of body-building, gut-friendly protein per serving, artisanally produced with no added salt, sugars, colors, preservatives or artificial ingredients.

Bone Broth Protein is paleo friendly, free of common allergens and the ideal protein source for those who are sensitive to dairy, grains, eggs, beef, nuts and legumes. Carefully-crafted quality you can trust and tested to be GMO free.

Get the health benefits of today's hottest super food, bone broth
- in a nourishing protein powder that is SMOOTH to blend, convenient to use and EASY to digest.

Natural / No Artificial Ingredients / Non GMO / Gluten Free
Dairy Free / Soy Free / Grain Free / Nut Free

Bone Broth Protein contains naturally-occurring powerful Amino Acids,
Collagen Type II, Glucosamine, Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid to support:
• Digestive Health
• Joint Health & Comfort
• Healthy Immune System Function
• Skin & Beauty
• Healthy Inflammation
• Cleansing and Detoxification

Suggested Use:
Mix one heaping scoop (included) in 12 ounces of water, juice or in a smoothie or protein shake one or more times per day.
Great with almond, cashew or coconut milk or added to your favorite recipe. Can be enjoyed warm or cold.

Advanced Use Recommendation:
Consume 2-3 servings per day as a part of a fitness and diet plan or cleansing detoxification program.
Great to add to your favorite recipes and meals.

Free Of
Artificial ingredients, GMOs, gluten, dairy, soy, grain and nut.

Total Calories:  98	
   Calories from Fat: 7	
Total Fat Less than: 1 g	
Total Carbohydrate: 2 g	
           Sugars: 1 g	
     Protein:     20 g	
   Calcium:     14 mg	
    Sodium:   150 mg	
Potassium  270 mg	
Chicken Bone Broth Protein Concentrate	22.25 g

Product: Ultra Joint Forte, Douglas Laboratories. INDEX
https://well.ca/products/douglas-laboratories-ultra-joint_135923.html
Regular: $65.59 --- 90 Tablets

Douglas Laboratories Ultra Joint Forte is a synergistic combination of glucosamine, chondroitin, methysulfonylmethane (MSM) and astaxanthin that helps maintain joint health.

Glucosamine HCl is a well-absorbed source of glucosamine, an important precursor for the synthesis and maintenance of healthy cartilage. As a result, supplementation with glucosamine HCl helps to maintain healthy cartilage and joints.

Chondroitin sulfate also helps protect existing cartilage by reducing water loss from the matrix and inhibiting its enzymatic breakdown. Studies have shown that chondroitin sulfate helps to relieve joint pain associated with osteoarthritis.

MSM is a naturally occurring compound of biologically available sulfur, an indispensable element required for the structural integrity and function of almost every protein in the body. Dietary MSM therefore serves as a versatile donor of metabolically active sulfur for the synthesis of numerous organosulfur compounds and proteins.

Approximately 99% of calcium and 85% of phosphorus in the body are present in bone.
These minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite, which helps to maintain the rigid structure of bone.

The natural carotenoid astaxanthin is also included to support antioxidant defence.

Features:
• Joint Health
• Osteo-support
• Osteoarthritis joint pain relief

Ingredients:
•  92 mg -- Calcium (as dicalcium phosphate)
•  80 mg -- Phosphorus (as dicalcium phosphate)
• 500 mg -- Glucosamine HCI
• 400 mg -- Chondroitin Sulphate
• 167 mg -- MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
•    0.3 mg -- Astaxanthin

Product: Glucosamine Chondritin, 1000 Mg, Natural Factors. INDEX
http://www.naturesfare.com/joint-health/
897-natural-factors-glucosamine-chondroitin-sulfate-240cp.html
$00.00 Regular -- $37.99 CAD -- 240 capsules -- 2015-11-17

When glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates are combined, they provide double action support to relieve the pain and discomfort of osteoarthritis symptoms. Glucosamine sulfate is used to make the cartilage needed for repairing joints, while chondroitin actively fights the enzymes that breakdown joint tissue and helps maintain the nutrients and fluid within joints that allows for smooth and cushioned movement.

Combining them into one supplement provides an effective way to ensure both vital nutrients are available to relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis and joint dysfunction. Actively protecting tissue and repairing cartilage can help slow joint degeneration and potentially delay the need for replacement surgery.

- 500 mg - Glucosamine sulfate (potassium chloride from shrimp/crab exoskeleton) 
- 400 mg - Chondroitin sulfate (sodium from bovine cartilage) 

Non-medicinal ingredients - gelatin capsule (gelatin, purified water), 
    vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant), microcrystalline cellulose

INDEX