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SUNSPOTS and their INFLUENCE.
DESCRIPTION.
Sunspots are apparent "dark" spots which appear periodically on the suface of the Earth's Sun. Relative to the temperature of the rest of the surface of the Sun, they are cool. They have high magnetic fields. They tend to appear in cycles and in various densities. Their characterisitcs alter the intensity and composition of the radiated energies which travel out from the Sun into space. These alterations have been shown to influence the Earth's weather as a consequence of the variations in the influence of the Sun on the Earth's ozone layer and Van Allen radiation belts.
These influences tend to predictably modify the Earth's rainfall and temperature aspects of climate, interact with the Earth's magnetic field, and increase, decrease, or cancel activities dependent upon magnetism or electricity. Increased density of molecules in the upper Earth's atmosphere during a display of sunspots increases the drag, and gravitational forces, on any object orbiting or passing close to the Earth. An increased number of Earth-based satellites tend to prematurely re-enter the atmosphere during these periods; most burn up; a few fall to the Earth's surface. Increased and higher density meteor showers may occur during these sunspot periods as well.
PLANETARY ALIGNMENTS:
The two largest and slowest-moving planets in the Earth's solar system, Saturn and Jupiter, have been found to have the largest known direct influence on the Sun and the Earth. When these 2 planets align (conjunct) every 19.859 years, more sunspots tend to appear. Indirectly, financial and political stresses have been recorded as greater at these times than otherwise.
JUPITER is the largest planet in the Earth's solar system.
It's diameter is 143,000 kilometers (88,000 miles), which is about 11 times greater than that of the Earth. Its mass is 1300 times greater than the Earth. Intense bursts of radio emission from Jupiter were first recorded in 1954. Jupiter circles the Sun every 11.86 years, passing through a separate Zodiac sign each year.
NEPTUNE is influential because of its size also.
Its diameter of 45,000 km places its mass at 17.2 times greater than that of the Earth. Individual zodiacal signs are influenced for 14 years at a time, that is one 14-year period out of every 164.8 years: the time it requires for one orbit of the Sun. A relationship has been found between a certain angular positioning of Neptune and Pluto relative to the Sun. When that alignment occurs, solar activity decreases. This will re-occur after 2001.
CONJUNCTIONS of Venus and Mercury have also been shown to influence a similar change, although such are less severe and far shorter in term because each planet is moving quickly relative to most others in the system.
ASTROLOGICALLY:
Jupiter represents the greater fortune;
Saturn represents materialism;
Venus represents the lesser fortune;
Mercury represents trade and commerce.
OTHER PLANETARY RELATIONSHIPS and the ECONOMIC CYCLES.
Generally, the conjuctions and oppositions (positions in solar orbit are furthest apart from one another - across from one another) of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have tended to be historical periods of economic crisis.
A 90-degree placement between these planets tends to have been
coincident with a decline in prices in capital-based economies.
A trine of 120 degrees angular relationship between several of these planets has tended to occur at times during which prices are
rising, opportunities for business are improving, and, better business results are being experienced.
However, these influences are modified by the trine, sextile and square angular placement relationships held with the other planets; that is, simplistic conclusions from major indicators is not advised by any professional astrologer.
The EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD and its charged ion ionosphere vary from hour to hour of the day, as well as with season and intensity of sunspot activity. About every 13,812 years, Jupiter and Uranus become conjunct (close and in alignment) in the sky. In the past, this occasion has been associated with a dramatic change in business direction, followed by a new wave of business opportunity.
THE SOLAR WIND, a spray of microscopic fast moving energy particles radiating away from the Earth's Sun, is deflected away from much of the Earth's surface by the Earth's magnetic lines of force which radiate like crescents between the North and South magnetic poles. As if stretched by this "wind", the magnetosphere is tear-drop in shape with the pointed end pointing away from the Earth on the side of the Earth opposite to the Sun.
Open at the magnetic poles, where the magnetic force field lines become increasingly vertical as they connect to the pole locations at the surface, the solar wind particles penetrate closer to the Earth's surface and encounter intense radiation in the Van Allen belts, only discovered in 1958. Below these 2 shells of protection is the Earth's upper atmosphere,
known as the ionosphere. Between 70 and 140 miles above sea level, these highly ionized layers further act to deflect or slow the short-wave cosmic radiations approaching from the Sun. Most long-wave stellar radiations are also blocked from the Earth's surface by these forms of protection.
The majority of STELLAR RADIATION that reaches the surface of the Earth is either visible light or infra-red (heat) radiation. Small amounts of shorter wave ultra-violet radiation reaches the Earth; the intensity is a factor of the thickness and density of the ozone layer.
In areas and at times when the ozone layer thins, the speed at which a human's skin burns (sunburn) increases such that injurious sunburns may occur in a matter of minutes rather than in a period of hours, or even days. Clouds do NOT filter out ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT and water surfaces have a tendency to reflect and effectively intensify the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
Even shorter wavelengths of radiation, called X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays - are almost entirely deflected away; they are deadly to lifeforms known on the Earth. In space, if these lifeforms were not protected by an energy shield similar to that around the
Earth, life would perish in a matter of seconds or minutes.
COSMIC RADIATION, further details, can be found at
Appendix Z06-RADIATE.htm.
SUNSPOT CYCLES vary in length from 7 to 16 years; averaging 11.11 years.
This cycle itself appears to be division of a larger solar cycle of 22 to 23 years.
SUNSPOT HISTORY.
1640 Mauder SOLAR MINIMUM
sunspot cycle appeared to disappear for almost 2 decades
European weather was the coldest on record
sometimes referred to as the "little ice age"
decreases in solar brightness
the sun is brighter during sunspot peaks because the dark
"spots" are accompanied by much brighter "faculae" spots;
both naked eye and telescopic reports diminish
confirmed by tree-ring radiocarbon dating
1859-1982: 57 solar white-light flares are reported including
H-alpha, soft X-ray, and radio emissions
1883-1900:
one hemisphere of the sun becomes much more active with sunspots than the other;
similar occurred between 1959-1970
A large number of UFO reports dominated these periods.
1942-1943: CYCLE 18, Start of SOLAR MINIMUM
1946 : CYCLE 18, middle of SOLAR MAXIMUM
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1954 : CYCLE 19, Start of SOLAR MINIMUM
LOWEST sunspot minimum ever recorded;
This becomes a period of intense UFO Sighting reporting.
Feb 1956 : huge burst of sunspot activity
1957 : CYCLE 19, middle of SOLAR MAXIMUM
all-time record for solar activity and extensive aurora borealis
1959-1970 one hemisphere of the sun was more active than the other
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1964/65 : CYCLE 20, Start of SOLAR MINIMUM;
geomagnetic impulses of a global character occurred in association with rapid changes in sunspot numbers near the minimum large increase of impulses inverse to drop in sunspots: the majority of this cycle would have constant IMF strength
1968 : CYCLE 20, middle of SOLAR MAXIMUM
1969 : 5-10% decrease in IMF (Interplanetary magnetic field) coincident with the changing polarity of the Sun's polar regions
1970 : geomagnetic impulses of a global character occurred in association with rapid changes in sunspot numbers near the maximum
large decrease of impulses inverse to rise in sunspots
1971 : 5-10% decrease in IMF (Interplanetary magnetic field) coincident with the changing polarity of the Sun's polar regions
1974 : geomagnetic impulses of a global character occurred in association with rapid changes in sunspot numbers near the minimum large increase of impulses inverse to drop in sunspots
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1975/76 : CYCLE 21, Start of ? SOLAR MINIMUM,
20% decrease in IMF (Interplanetary magnetic field)
coincident with the changing polarity of the Sun's polar regions
1976-1977 : CYCLE 21, Start of ? SOLAR MINIMUM near solar minimum
the lower latitude magnetic fields weaken and reverse polarity near maximum, decreasing the effect of the polar field correction
1977 : geomagnetic impulses of a global character occurred in association with rapid changes in sunspot numbers near the maximum
large decrease of impulses inverse to rise in sunspots
1979 : CYCLE 21, middle of SOLAR MAXIMUM ?
June 13, 1980: a subflare of importance is recorded
X-ray and microwave impulsive bursts with a common acceleration source
the microwaves were emitted near a sunspot penumbra
reversal of the solar polar magnetic fields
10% drop in the interplanetary magnetic field
1982, First 3rd : 40% increase in IMF (Interplanetary magnetic field)
NOT coincident w/the changing polarity of the Sun's polar regions
1982, December : concentration of solar Southern Hemisphere domination of sunspot activity
1983, November : prediction of low sunspot activity over the next 60 yrs
1984, May month : International sunspot number exceeds 100
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1986/87, late : CYCLE 22, Start of, SOLAR MINIMUM,
1987, March 26 to 1987, September 06 : solar activity levels reached the highest levels recorded in the 3 years ending July 1988
1987, July 23 : International sunspot number exceeds 100
(first time since May, 1984)
1988, June : abrupt rise in sunspot activity
largest ever sunspot activity involving a southern group seen so soon after a solar minimum suggests a large maximum to cycle 22
1989 solar flares and sunspot activity were up
aurora borealis demonstrations were more extensive than usual geomagnetic storms increased the 3 month cumulative radiation dose (August to November)
produced more than in the total of the previous two 11-year cycles
frantic activity required to forestall US power grid failures
1989, March 13-14 : largest magnetic storm since records started in 1868;
spectacular display of the aurora borealis seen as far south as Florida;
induced a major power surge in transmission lines in Canada resulting in shutdown of sections of the (6 million people without power 9 hours) power grid;
hundreds of satellites tumbled out of position;
some kinds of electronic communications were interrupted;
a top-secret military communications band was " "
(between security installations and trucks transporting nuclear weapons materials around the country)
(a naval installation in California lost contact with ships offshore)
1989, August : higher solar burst than in March
1989, September 29 : higher solar burst than in August
highest recorded in the satellite era, X-rays & particles
(cosmic rays)
380% increase in neutrons (7% usually considered large)
1989, October 19 : higher solar burst than in September!
rivalled August 1972 in peak numbers and stayed at that level for days longer;
in a few days of exposure, solar electric power panels on satellites aged the equivalent of 5 years, cutting the life of some satellites in half to 5 years from 10;
ground controllers had to send 177 control maneuvers to one communications satellite in a day (1-1/2 yrs of normal work)
1989, November : the Solar Maximum Mission satellite falls out of orbit due to increased atmospheric drag SMM;
SAS-3 a small astronomy satellite fell out of orbit prematurely
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1990, February or March : CYCLE 22, End of, expected
SOLAR MAXIMUM
predicted peak also at late 1990 or early 1991 intense solar storms
1996, May : CYCLE 23, Start of SOLAR MINIMUM
2000, April: CYCLE 23, End of, SOLAR MAXIMUM
2009, April: CYCLE 24, predicted Start of SOLAR MINIMUM
2013: CYCLE 24, End of, expected SOLAR MAXIMUM
Solar Minimums are long (decade) periods of time during which the cosmic radiation of the Sun is, on average, moderate. There is a low frequency of sunspots and solar flares occurring. It is significant that some of these less frequent flares will be MORE intense than most flares occurring during a Solar Maximum period. This results in short periods during solar minimums in which characteristics of solar maximums are evident.
Solar Maximumss are long (decade) periods of time during which the cosmic radiation of the Sun is, on average, moderately high. There is a high frequency of sunspots and solar flares occurring. It is significant that most of these more frequent flares will be less intense than some flares occurring during a Solar Minimum period. It is rare to have any periods during solar maximums in which characteristics of solar minimums ever present.
Reread the above two paragraphs until you understand them.
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1999, February or March, expected
cycles last approximately 11 years
produced by intense solar magnetic activity heats the atmosphere:
creates more frictional drag on low-orbit satellites
are followed by minimums at approx 48+ or -12 months
are preceded by minimums at approx 48+ or -6 months
ASC (ascent) has always been between 36 and 60 months (esp 42 to 54)
Northern Hemisphere white-light flare activity begins abruptly
about 1 or 2 years before solar maximum and then declines slowly
Southern Hemisphere white-light flare activity
begins about 1 year after SOLAR MAXIMUM
70% more events are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than the
South are followed by 2 years plus of a peak of flaring
geomagnetic storms peak 4 years after the sunspot maximums:
cause the magnetic field surrounding the Earth to wobble and vary in strength **
satellite navigation systems are affected by **
electric power transmission lines are affected by **
long-distance undersea cables can be affected
during the peak of sunspot cycle 22, single-hop communications were ionospherically propagated at larger distances exceeding the normal limits of 30 Mhz and 4000 km. to more than 50 Mhz and 4200 km.
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Solar Wind variations show a period of 87 years.
SOLAR MINIMUMS, Characteristics of:
weak solar storms
small influenza outbreaks
cycles last approximately 11 years
produced by weak solar magnetic activity
cools the Earth's atmosphere:
creates less frictional drag on low-orbit satellites
70% more events are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than the South
cause the magnetic field surrounding the Earth to stabilize in form and strength **
electric power transmission lines are more stable **
long-distance undersea cables are more stable in performance.
SOLAR MAXIMUMS, Characteristics of:
intense solar storms
major influenza outbreaks
cycles last approximately 11 years
produced by intense solar magnetic activity
heats the Earth's atmosphere:
creates more frictional drag on low-orbit satellites
70% more events are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than the South
cause the magnetic field surrounding the Earth to wobble and vary in strength **
satellite navigation systems are affected by **
electric power transmission lines are affected by **
long-distance undersea cables can be affected
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