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Memory Stimulators.
1963 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Warning from Space; Wives and Lovers; America, America; Call Me Bwana; Cleopatra; Dr. Strangelove; The Birds; The Great Escape; 55 Days at Peking; The Raven; The Nutty Professor; The Cardinal; From Russia with Love; Flipper; Twilight of Honour; Children of the Damned; Cairo

Songs : Sugar Shack; He's So Fine; Hey, Paula; Blue Velvet; Louie, Louie; Sukiyaki; My Boyfriend's Back; I Will Follow Him; Walk Like A Man; It' My Party; Surf City; Deep Purple; Stay; Our Day Will Come; Ring Of Fire; Detroit City; Act Naturally; Abilene; Sweet Dreams of You; Mountain Of Love; Guilty.

General News :

Consumer Price Index: 91.7

Joe Valachi provided evidence against the Cosa Nostra in the U.S.A..

The Beatles, a 4-member music group, was a big hit in Britain.

Bob Dylan (Zimmerman) was gaining popularity w/social protest songs.

Valentina Tereshkova, a U.S.S.R. cosmonaut, became the first woman in space.
--- She orbited the earth 48 times with cosmonaut Col. Valeri Bykovsky.

Pope John XXIII died in Vatican City after beginning the ecumenical movement to bring Protestants and Catholics together.

Lester B. Pearson, became the Prime Minister of Canada with a minority Liberal government in April.

Camping out and moving to the cities were increasing trends through the 1960's.

"We shall overcome" became the theme song for the civil rights movement of the Rev. Martin Luther King who made his "I have a dream ..." speech in Washington.

TCA Flight 831, Canada's worst plane crash, > all 111 passengers killed.

The Canadian Medical Association got the Federal Government to launch a $400,000. campaign to curb smoking among the young.

Between 1961 and 1963, 160,000 Vietnamese civilians died in the Vietnam war.

1963 - By this year
Popular music became inescapable as a medium throughout most of North America.
Transistor radios carried the sounds everywhere. Music, as it always had, continued to be a cultural conditioning medium. In particular, the use of melodies which carried a beat equal to or a multiple of the human heartbeat proved to be hypnotic in attraction. Any nature of lyrics infused into such melodies, more often became unconscious conditioning mechanisms than chosen statements of belief. It became less and less unusual to find a person humming the melody to a song, the lyrics of which offended them when the meaning was consciously drawn to their attention. There would be instances in which a human would be found humming and singing a popular song, completely oblivious to the meaning of the words being sung. The potential deception of music is that if the listener does not listen with conscious awareness to the attached word meanings, and, rationally utilize selectivity, the habit-forming part of the human mind will adopt everything heard as truthful, real, acceptable.

Themes in popular music would frequently applaud on irresponsible sexual relationships, possessive relationships, alcohol and drug use, rebelliousness to the status quo, whining grief, obsessiveness and self-indulgence. Political and cultural leadership essentially refused to set or acknowledge standards for the public media on the excuse of freedom of individual expression backed by the increasing reality that such media promotion yielded millions of dollars in profits. The industry was most effective in conditioning the political and social responses of young adults into near mob-like reactions in which many of the participants were swept along by momentum rather than by determined choice. The hazard was that humans could be encouraged by such a medium to socially and politically demand simple solutions to complex problems, effectively placing a bandaid on a traumatic injury, with the possible outcome of greater infection and necessary amputation. The growing response to problems by North American youth would be denial, intolerance, passivity, reactivity, and acting out. ALL of these approaches intensified the retreat from true spiritual alternatives.

1963 - During January,
Britain's Application to join the EEC is rejected when French President Charles de Gaulle uses his veto. French Minister of Agriculture, Edgar Pisani comments to the British Minister of Agriculture, Christopher Soames, only 48 hours before de Gaule's press conference:

"(translated from the French)
My friend. It is very simple. Now, with six (members), there are 5 chickens and one rooster. If you (Britain) join (the other nations), there will be seven or eight chickens. But there will be two roosters. Such is not a good outcome."

1963 - In the February issue of
"Engineering Science", Solomon W. Golomb of the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech) authored an article:
"When is Extra-Terrestrial Life Interesting?" His abstract follows:

"Life is defined as a systems concept which is composed of organisms capable of growth and replication. The different components of the system may differ from one celestial body to another, but this will make it more possible for life to occur elsewhere. So it appears that future astronauts will have to look for other replicating systems based on chemicals other than nucleic acids. The question of biological contamination of other planets is discussed, but it is thought that the biological contamination of the Earth by extraterrestrial organisms is more serious. If a foreign replicating system were introduced on Earth, and if it proved to be better competitor for the molecular substrate need for growth and replication, then the nucleic acid system may become extinct. This problem is of considerable danger to life on Earth, and a great deal of thought should be given to it."

1963 - During the year,
Walter M. Hollister submits his dissertation to M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, titled:
"Mission for manned expedition to Mars".

1963 -
Renato Albanesi reports communication between ET's and Eugenio Siragusa was by mental telepathy.

1963 - During the year,
J.I. Rodale showed that a mother plant did not have to be growing near children for them to benefit from her "protection". The mother could apparently be in the next city, the next country, across the ocean, or anywhere on Earth. This suggests that plants use a form of communication, like telepathy, which can be carried on between two known entities at almost limitless distances. This concept serves to emphasize that advanced plant intelligences may represent a higher form of spiritual lifeform than more ego dominated lifeforms such as animals and humanity.

1963 - In March,
Jean Lombard, a geologist, in a preface to Louis Kervan's book, "Natural Transmutations", wrote:

"The true workers of science, who are always ready to welcome new suggestions, sometimes ask themselves if the greatest obstacle to the progress of science is not bad memory on the part of the scholars; they wish to remind the latter that some of their predecessors were burnt at the stake because of proposed "interpretations" which have now become foremost truths. If pioneers of science were still being burnt, I would not give much for Louis Kervan's skin."

1963 - In the May issue of
"Planetary and Space Science", Carl Sagan of the University of California, Berkeley, wrote an article:
"Direct Contact Among Galactic Civilizations by Relativistic Interstellar Spaceflight".
An abstract noted:

"An estimate of such civilizations (in this galaxy), based on the number of poorly known parameters ... is 10 to the power of 6. The most probable distance to the nearest such civilization is several hundred light-years. Interstellar spaceflight at relativistic velocities is found to have several advantages over electromagnetic communications with these communities. Some of the technical problems involved in the construction of starships with relativistic velocities are discussed. It is concluded that with nuclear staging, fusion reactors, and the Bussart interstellar ramjet, no fundamental energetic problems exist for relativistic interstellar spaceflight. It is shown to be a statistical likelihood that Earth was visited by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization at least once during historical times."

1963 -
Wilbert B. Smith, head of Canada's "Project Magnet" 2-year study of UFO's, describes his communications with intelligences claiming to be extra-terrestrial and laboratory experiments suggested by these entities that confirmed the validity of their alien science. There is a transcript of a tape recorded speech delivered in Ottawa, Canada, on Mar 31, 1958, which is made public now.

1963 - On May 5,
J. Oro, presented "Experimental Organic Cosmochemistry, the Formation of Biochemical Compounds" at the Proc. Lunar and Planetary Exploration Colloquium. Parts of his abstract follows:

"Simple combinations of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen are important constituents of relatively cool star atmospheres, interstellar space, comets and cold planetary atmospheres. ... Model experiments involving the use of such simple compounds as water, ammonia, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde and cetaldehyde have led to the synthesis (in the University of Houston laboratory) of hydroxyl acids, amino acids, and amino amides, including glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, glycinamide, alanine, B-alanine, aspartic acid, valine,and lysine; monosaacharides, including ribose and 2-deoxyribose; purines and pyrimidines, including adenine, guanine and uracil; purine intermediates, including 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide, 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamidine and formic acid; homo- and heteropolypeptides; and other compounds of biological significance. ..."

In other words, it was possible with simple combinations of basic physical elements to produce complex biochemicals which are necessary to terrestrial lifeforms. Such lifeforms may thus exist, or be made to exist, elsewhere in the universe.

1963 - During the Spring,
Professor Yves Rocard of the College de France, head of the physics department of the prestigious Ecole Normale Superieure, published his book on dowsing. Still untranslated to English by 1973, his work had been translated and put to use in the Soviet Union by that date. There, Soviet geologists began using dowsing effectively to locate minerals from airplanes and helicopters and to locate underground archaeological artifacts.

1963 - On May 15,
"Formation of Adenine by Electron Irradiation of Methane, Ammonia, and Water", was the title of a report written by C. Ponnamperuma, R.M. Lemmon, R. Mariner and M. Calvin. Their investigation of the possibility of a synthesis of heterocyclic bases from mixtures of primitive gases established that:

1. adenine is indeed a product of electron irradiation of the noted gases;

2. there is an inverse relationship between the amount of adenine synthesis
                                                    and the amount of hydrogen gas present; and

3. of the 5 nucleic acid bases, adenine is the one most readily synthesized under prebiotic conditions.

1963 - On May 16,
A Mercury spacecraft with astronaut Cooper aboard reported strange voices picked up on special frequency and while passing over Perth, Australia, saw a large UFO also observed by the checking station on Earth. It completed 22 orbits.

1963 - On May 19,
R. Dean Johnson, priest-in-charge of "All Souls Episcopal Church" in Waukegan, Michigan, reports observing a low-flying drum-shaped UFO for 15-20 minutes.

1963 - On June 11,
Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist Monk, expresses great opposition to the leadership of Diem over South Vietnam by committing suicide by fire on a Saigon street. Sensitive to the potential media value of drawing media attention to their cause, the Buddhist leadership had tipped foreign newsmen to the event, and pictures would soon appear in newspapers and on televisions around the globe. Others would follow Duc's example.

The incident could have been foreseen.
The Diem administration, with its authoritarian and paranoid approach had rejected any suggested show of defiance. Buddhist leaders had been increasingly concerned over the abuses of both the Diem government and the American presence. Abuse of bureaucracy - greed, laziness, intolerance, patronage and bribes - were becoming rampant. Abuses of military occupation - assaults, murders, rapes, drug and prostitution trade - were increasing. Family solidarity was being destroyed by the relocation of families and the pitting of family member against family member for survival. Buddhism taught that the honourable person does the morally right thing and will be divinely judged for the wrongs he or she has participated in. More and more Vietnamese simply wanted the war to stop. The Buddhists had been promoting a form of conscientious objection amongst the Vietnamese at a time when Diem was trying to further expand his military presence; some troops were simply leaving service following morally repugnant experiences: to Diem these actions constituted support for the Vietcong.

1963 - During the year,
USS Thresher, a new, fast, attack, USA nuclear-powered submarine, capable of deep diving, broke up while underwater 220 miles east of Boston. Its captain, Lt. Commander John W. Harvey, was credited with over 100,000 miles of undersea travel aboard American nuclear submarines and had been under the Arctic cap at least twice, aboard "Nautilus". Thresher sank in 1,400 fathoms (8,400 feet) of water and resulted in a crew loss of 129 men. It was the worst recorded submarine disaster in American history.

It was the fastest-moving, deepest-diving and most silent-running submarine which the US Navy had ever had. The Thresher had been at the Portsmouth harbour for renovations after 2 years of service and this would be its first test depth dive. "Skylark", a rescue vessel, accompanied it. 17 civilian workmen were aboard to check equipment they had installed or repaired. It was the first time in 9 months that the ship or the crew had been submerged.

About 30 miles southeast of Portsmouth, the "Thresher" took two shallow, periscope depth tentative dives to determine if the submarine was watertight and steering properly. Surfacing in the late afternoon, the officers made ready for the expected crucial test: a dive to its maximum test depth. The submarine dived again and began working down from one plateau depth to the next through the night. At 9:00 A.M. the next morning, Harvey ordered the submarine down to its test depth. The message was broadcast to Skylark : "I am diving." Skylark was informed that Thresher would surface in 6 hours. At 9:17, Harvey told the crew of Skylark that Thresher was "approaching test depth," which was expected to be 500 feet. The last transmission, minutes later, was garbled.

Six hours later, Thresher did not surface and Skylark called Portsmouth base.
The ocean had been heavy, overcast with a rough sea, for much of the period. Search planes and other ships joined the search and at nightfall an oil slip, bits of cork insulation, gloves and other floating debris, were found. Thresher was presumed lost. Among the crew:

          Lt. Commander: John W. Harvey
       Machinist's Mate: Donald McCord
       Machinist's Mate: Dick Podwell
Fire Control Technician: Charles Wiggins
              Engineman: Billy Klier
                        and many others

It was later found that many of the valves on the ship had been installed with reverse-to-normal controls requiring that the operator turn open the valve in the direction opposite to what was usual. Under the strain of a crisis, it was suggested, members of the crew may have oriented the ship for a critical dive at a time when reduced depth was called for. In such a situation, hull splitting due to excessive exterior water pressure could have confounded the situation in that even a small leak, at substantial depth, would quickly raise the temperature of the air within the hull. Further, halting a downward momentum and changing it to an upward plane would have required a highly coordinated effort and/or a period of time. Other production deficiencies were pointed out in the investigation which followed.

    Several obvious questions should have been asked, such as:

1. Why were reverse-to-normal operation valves not removed beforehand?;
2. Why was a crew, uncoordinated by 9 months of waiting, rushed?;
3. Why take a possible failure dive in rescue inaccessible depths?;
4. Why force a 24-hour test-weary crew into a hazardous procedure?;
5. Why not maintain communication throughout a crucial testing period?;
6. Why was a crucial test undertaken in a heavy sea?

Any of these factors could have individually resulted in the test failure.
Clearly, greed, pride and overintellectualization all played an unfortunate yet human part in this catastrophe. Greed resulted in the use of cheaper, specifications-incorrect parts. Pride encouraged overconfidence in the crew, a need to quickly set records, and overconfidence in the machinery. Overintellectualization enabled the designers and officers involved to underestimate the impact which each of the above-mentioned factors could make, plus others. In high technology, it is easy to theorize as to how or why a variation or "improvement" should work. In reality, only repeated relevant successful experience, or clean meditation provides dependable answers and guidance. neither were used here.

1963 - On June 14,
"Vostok ("East") 5", completes an 81-orbit, 119 hours and 6 minutes publicized flight for the USSR with Valery Bykovsky as cosmonaut. It will remain a public record for more than 2 years.

1963 - On June 16,
Valentina Tereshkova, aged 26, in "Vostok ("East") 6" becomes the first publicized woman-in-space.
She makes a 48-orbit, 70 hour and 50 minute flight in tandem with Bykovsky. Tereshkova had been substituted at the last minute for the first-choice woman, who had become indisposed. She experienced some disorientation and spacesickness on her return.

1963 - During the year,
The only legal sweepstakes in the USA began operating, in the state of New Hampshire.
Twice a year, on the basis of races at Rockingham Park, the state offered a top prize of $50,000.
The lottery was intended to provide several million painlessly raised dollars each year for the schools.

This became the start of a rising dependency among North Americans on the prospect of "luck".
In humans, the psychology of Luck is such that it fundamentally opposes spiritual values including positive self-esteem and positive self-direction. The person who depends on luck affirms that the culture in which he/she lives does not provide a fair potential for economic support, recovery, or expansion on the basis of participation. Work, whether voluntary or paid, has been relegated to a level of a subsistence norm where it has become necessary in order to survive, not particularly enjoyable and does not hold an image of positive expectancy indicative of conventional capitalism. Work may or may not be seen as including risk without acknowledgement in the form of compensation.

In a materialistic society, lack of compensation believed fair for the degree of risk and sacrifice involved promotes anarchy in which individuals become lax in responsibility, productivity, and flexibility. Cultural leadership which institutionalizes "gambling" is a leadership which directs its population to become increasingly self-centred, irresponsible, undependable. Enterprising activities are likely to drop in frequency , or, to be replaced with fraudulent activities in which the benefit to the customer is, in reality, very secondary to the profit of the so-called entrepreneur. Legalized gambling, accepted openly, at the local and national levels conditions a population to become dependent, rather than self-directed.

1963 - By July,
"Project Redlight" had begun near USA Nellis AFB and was secretly being conducted at "Area 51", also called Groom Lake. The project involved the flight testing of a UFO which had been shipped from Edwards AFB. Information regarding the existence of the project was sent to the MUFON Journal by a radio maintenance engineer at Nevada's AEC. The craft flew silently, was about 20 to 30 feet in diameter and had neither wings nor tail.

1963 - During the year,
A Family of Almas (Wild Men) are seen by a doctor visiting the Altai mountains.
It consists of a male and female and a single infant. He is told of another sighting of a male almas in the area, carrying an infant.

1963 - On August 3,
On August 3, The Limited Test Ban Treaty, went into effect: all future atomic weapons tests were to be fired underground. Theoretically safe -- venting, seepage, cratering, fault lines, underground springs and other realities led to further environmental contamination. The U.S.A. had squeezed 80 tests into the previous 2 years; most had been underground. The problems were evident. The treaty was good public relations to placate the concerned but uninformed masses.

1963 - In mid-August,
A USSR Hotel Class nuclear powered, nuclear ballistic missile submarine was "accidentally lost" after intercepting a news report on Moscow radio which translated to say "launch all missiles". It was within target range of Washington, D.C. The unusual new report concerned a dog which had been found infected with a fatal virus. It had been cremated to ensure the disease did not spread. Pre-arranged codewords had been given to the Commander of the sub who held the final "key" to arm the missiles. Pre-selected targets had been designated for each geographical segment of the undersea tour.

A BLOND who was working as a senior technician on the crew sabotaged the ship resulting in a major steam leakage from the turbines and twin reactors just before the Commander was going to sound the launch alarm. In case of a potential "meltdown" of the nuclear cores, the Strategy defined by the Defense Ministry was that the sub would descend to a depth of 600 feet until the problem was rectified or the ship disintegrated. This was expected to muffle the effects, if a disaster occurred and hide the evidence. Because there had been no contact between the Hotel and the USSR for at least 10 days, the submarine was never found. It is on the ocean floor in the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of 1610 feet.

The sabotage ensured that the sub sank fast enough to just miss a full meltdown.
That plus implosion, silt, depth, lack of current and remoteness of site have ensured minimal radiation leakage. All documentation relating to this particular Hotel Class sub was destroyed and the relatives of the crew (all crew were to remain unmarried until they finished their submarine duty) were told that the submarine had been lost in a critically important and secret training accident. A special communication capability used by the BLONDs enabled the saboteur to relay the incident description, while it was in progress, to BLONDs in an underground Earth base. Neither the Soviet Union nor the USA ever discovered the true facts of the incident. Even if they had, who would admit it?

1963 -
The Soviet MiG-25 (Mikoyan Gurevich design bureau) fighter jet aircraft is designed and built.
It demonstrates the Russian design philosophy of strength, simplicity and ease of repair.
While Americans find they cannot use steel for their high-speed aircraft and must rely on more expensive titanium alloys, the Soviets develop advanced welding techniques which allow them the steel alternative. Its radar uses vacuum tubes for solid-state alternatives are not yet sufficiently developed to be reliable. In 20 years, the MiG-25 would still be in service and be highly maneuverable and dependable at the limits of its performance.

An indication of Soviet design philosophy, the Soviet Union had for some time now had launch vehicles capable of sending 20 ton payloads into space to destinations including the Moon. Such launch vehicles could now be used in cold or heat, in snow blizzards or rainstorms. American capabilities paled by comparison.

1963 - On August 21,
Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Diem, directed his American-trained Special Forces to carry out massive raids against Buddhists in Hue, Saigon, and other cities, ransacking the temples and arresting 1,400 Buddhists.

A frail, paranoid and self-obsessed man, he and his brother controlled the Vietnamese military as they desired. Nhu's wife became known as the "Dragon Lady" for her resemblance to a North American cartoon caricature, her increasing spokemanship for the family and her ambitious, ruthless attitude towards the Vietnamese people. Together, the government had prohibited all forms of public gatherings, weddings and funerals included, unless approved by the government. Rigorous censorship was applied to anything written, Vietnamese or American.

Reporting evidence that Nhu was planning the execution of the Buddhists as well as discussing with Hanoi a sellout of the independence of South Vietnam, some Vietnamese Generals inquired of the USA how it would respond if they enacted a coup against Diem and Nhu. On August 24, the Vietnamese Generals were given assurances, by the CIA, that the USA would not assist a coup, but that it would assist a new government that appeared to be strong. The Generals could then not secure support of the key army units in Saigon, who distrusted the American position. On August 31, the coup was cancelled.

Early in September, proposals for a negotiated settlement between North and South Vietnam were put forward. In return for the removal of American troops and the resumption of north-south trade, Hanoi agreed to a neutralized South Vietnam in which Diem would be permitted to preside over a coalition government. Diem was cautiously positive. France promoted the concept. A USA advisor complicated the issue by suggesting its withdrawal from Vietnam on the withdrawal of the U.S.S.R. influence from Cuba. The Kennedy administration turned down the consideration and sent officials to Vietnam to assess the situation.

1963 - On August 28,
The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King and 200,000 supporters of more uniform and expanded civil rights participate in a non-violent demonstration in Washington, D.C., U.S.A.. The march is described by commentators as disciplined, dignified, determined. It reaffirms the proclamation given by former President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 "that all men are equal". Many times during the march, the participants sang "We shall overcome", and in his speech, Dr. King states: "Let freedom rein ... I have a dream ... Free at last." Mr. King met with President John F. Kennedy and Vice-President Lyndon Johnson. In 1964, a new Civil Rights Bill would be passed into law by the U.S.A. government. The effectiveness of the movement over the next decades would be thwarted by increased civil drug use leading to increased criminality, poverty, and despair. Both the President and Dr. King would be separately assassinated.

1963 - On August 31,
The U.S. National Security Council - minus the President (Kennedy) hold a session regarding policy making for southeast Asia. With no long-term policies or insight into the conflict in Vietnam, many possible options have been lost by past positions taken.

The most radical position advanced at the meeting was that given by Paul M. Kattenburg, a 39-year-old diplomat who headed the "Vietnam Interdepartmental Working Group". He proposed disengagement - thereby, becoming the first official on record in a high-level Vietnam policy meeting to pursue to its logical conclusion the analysis that the war effort was irretrievable, either with or without President Diem. Representatives of the military and intelligence communities became increasingly obsessed with the need for victory and the belief that a major offensive was required.

1963 - During September,
The Chinese begin building a road through the jungles and mountains of northern Laos as a barrier between the two countries. Although unknown for almost a decade, the purpose of the road was to ensure that the advancing North Vietnamese would not overtake all of Indochina. Up to 20,000 soldiers, protected by Chinese antiaircraft batteries, had been involved in the project on the territory of another sovereign nation. President Souvanna of Laos often asserted to the Americans that it was built against Laotian wishes; the Chinese declared that it was authorized by prior consent. No supplies ever went down the road which sat on the flank of the advancing North Vietnamese, and for that reason, the Americans never bombed it.

1963 - In September,
"The Rockefeller Report on the Americas" was delivered to President Nixon.
Written by Nelson Rockefeller and chief aides James M. Cannon, Hugh Morrow, and William Butler, a vice-president of the Chase Manhattan Bank. The report suggested that trade preferences be given to Latin American nations to help limit the "forces of anarchy, terror and subversion" which were loose in the Americas. The report lamented the decrease in Latin American military assistance from a level of $80.7 million in the last year of the Eisenhower Administration to $21.4 million for fiscal 1970 and urged the U.S.A. to increase the level of military assistance set aside for both training security forces and for providing military assistance to existing governments. At the same time, the report warned of the "appeal to the new military, on a theoretical level, of "Marxism".

In general, Nelson Rockefeller supported military assistance which would safeguard the existing free-enterprise system and in which U.S.A. business could thrive which maintained the poverty and enslavement of the peasants. Philanthropy of the father's generation of Rockefellers provided a priceless reputation to the Rockefellers as being considered highly capable in the use of power over public affairs: as having a special competence for promoting the public interest. This allowed the Rockefellers to operate as if that gave them the license to ignore and override any opposition, to use their power to influence public officials, and to reject valid and popular alternatives to their own plans. What the public had been lulled to forget was that the Rockefeller fortune had been built on the ruthless self-interest which had led to the formation of Standard Oil over the abuse and murder of smaller operators who got in the way.

This ethic would again arise in their support for the Bilderbergers, in which they would again operate as if they believed that when special interests, including themselves, benefited from projects, the benefits that would trickle down to the public would be sufficient justification for those projects. It was not in the public interest to finance terror campaigns demanding huge increases in U.S. military spending, when the U.S.A. already maintained military superiority. Paternalism and contempt repeatedly marked the defense of the Rockefeller brothers' favoured projects.

1963 - On September 29,
A Soviet November Class nuclear powered submarine, commanded by Captain 2nd Rank Yu.A. Sysoyev, surfaced precisely at the North Pole. Those men not on watch went out onto the ice, and the Soviet flag and naval ensign were raised. The crew engaged in sports on the ice. Sysoyev was awarded the "Hero of the Soviet Union" medal on his return home. As is often the case, humans whose efforts could be manipulated for personal prestige by the political leaders of their nations received social achievement awards; those who achieved as great an exploit without the cameras and publicity often received little more than their daily orders.

1963 - By October,
Pierre Baranger, a professor and director of the laboratory of organic chemistry at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, France, had proven that in the germinations of leguminous seeds in a manganese salt solution, manganese disappeared and iron appeared in its place. Experimenting further, he discovered that a whole web of complexities related to the transmutations of elements in seeds, including the time of their germination, the type of light involved, even the exact phase of the moon.

1963 - During the year,
"MK-Ultra Subproject 142" was initiated as "a small biological program of electrical brain stimulation" involving some new approaches to the subject ... The reason for separating this work financially from the other efforts ... is to allow it to engage in some very practical experiments at some point in the work which would present security problems if this effort were to be handled in the usual way. Some of the uses proposed for these particular animals would involve possible delivery systems ... or for direct executive action type operations as distinguished from the eavesdropping application." In other words, the ability to turn self and other species into guided bombs or similar.

1963 - During this year,
The word "Scam" would enter the English language.
Presumed to be derived from the carnival lifestyle, it would carry the meaning of a dishonest scheme or swindle as well as the actions of cheating, defrauding and swindling. This will contribute to a watershed in the moral norms of the North American and other industrialized societies. It would take 30 years before scamming would become a viable, popular, sanctioned, capital acquisition activity. Known only in the back alleys, ghettos, penal institutions, and, to hawkers in the beginning - it would move up the scale of social wealth and respectability. It would always be utilized by those who have not lost their spiritual strength - they had forgotten what it was and where they put it. A liar, thief, or murderer knows what they have done and do so in the full awareness of their hurtfullness and indignity to the victim; a person who operates a scam remains in denial of the pain they cause others and conversely take great pleasure from their ability to deceive themselves as well as their "mark," - the target.

1963 - On October 5,
A policy of selective pressures was enacted by the USA administration against the Diem government in South Vietnam. In return for increased civil freedoms and land reform in South Vietnam, foreign aid from the USA would not be cut. As a sign of determination, the CIA station chief in Saigon, John Richardson, cut off funds to Nhu's Special Forces and suspended shipments of tobacco, rice, and milk, under the commodity import program. The Vietnamese Generals had again requested the American position should they effect a coup. While the American administration remained divided, Nhu considered staging a fake coup and using it as an excuse to murder suspected opponents. W. Averill Harriman (who wanted the war to end) and others stated their belief that Diem should go; Vice-President Johnson, top CIA and Pentagon officials (who wanted the war to continue) and others stated their support for Diem, as an allegiance to a 9-year ally.

1963 - In October,
Laser-guided bombs became a U.S.A. military technology development program.
By 1970, the Department of defense would state that laser-guided bombs, introduced in 1968, had led to a ten-fold increase in accuracy in hitting targets in Southeast Asia. Laser finding equipment would be used by the USAF to improve night bombing in Southeast Asia.

The development of lasers began as an attempt to reverse engineer spacebeing technology and in that light it was the result of insight and incentive provided by the observation of incredibly advanced technologies. The uses to which that technology was placed were purely, and regrettably human. Many more people have been killed or injured through the use of laser technology than beneficially assisted in health by it.

1963 - In the October 12 issue of
"Nature", D.G. Rea, was the author of an article entitled "Evidence for Life On Mars".
In it the author notes that the various colours, including green, exhibited by dark areas, the seasonal changes in the visual albedo and the polarization of the dark areas; the ability of the dark areas to regenerate after an extensive dust storm; and the presence of 2700 to 3000 cm-1 absorption bands, attributes to the possible presence of lifeforms.

1963 - On October 17,
A Secret FBI Memorandum identified Clifton De Berry as an individual whose file was being reviewed to determine if "there is anything derogatory in his background which might cause embarrassment to the National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) if publicly exposed." Under the direction of Hoover, the FBI were seeking to discredit anyone who dared to oppose the white establishment.

De Berry had begun organizing textile workers in Louisiana in late 1942.
He later organized the workers in a John Deere farm equipment plant near Nashville, Tennessee.
The economic boom during the war and the perceived urgency for production had resulted in more Black Americans being hired into factories. After the War, American workers in general mounted strike campaigns to lobby for better wages. Hoover took this civil unrest to be an indication of Communist influence and set out to destroy it.

By 1948, Hoover was keeping files on De Berry and having investigators check with his employer every "three or four days." The school desegregation decision of the USA Supreme Court in 1954 and the lynchings of Blacks in the southeastern states which followed, De Berry had organized a "Station Wagons to Montgomery Committee" during 1955-56 to purchase vehicles for bus boycotters. It was at that time that Martin Luther King had entered the civil rights movement. In the early 1960s, Be Berry had addressed socialist meetings. During the same time, Black nationalism was growing. In late 1963, the FBI had tried to create a scandal to discredit Be Berry by arresting him at a speaking engagement on charges of non-support of his wife. At least 20 agents were involved in the tactics of the operation.

1963 - On October 18,
Three Robots reportedly accosted truck driver Eugenio Douglas near Monte Maix, Argentina.
On October 21, the entire Moreno family, in Cordoba province, Argentina, saw a landed UFO.
Five other flying discs seemed to keep the family under seige for a time with beams of light which made the house "hot as an oven."

1963 - On Oct 23,
Near Trancas, Argentina, Dora Martina, Senora Yolie de Valle Moreno and her sister Yolanda, saw 2 bright Disc-shaped objects joined by a shinning tube. A number of humanoid silhouettes, estimated at 40, were moving in the illuminated tube. Later, they saw a disc-shaped, domed object with 6 brightly lit windows. It was some 30 feet wide, metallic in appearance, it had a number of sections which were joined together with rivets at the seams. The dome was also metallic, but it was darker and had no rivets. The object was rocking gently to and fro.

Suddenly, a multicoloured band began to rotate inside the windows and a whitish mist thickened around the object, which emitted a faint hum. The witness became aware of a sulphurous smell. Then, a tongue of flame shot from the object, hit Dora and hurled her and the 2 sisters to the ground. At the same time, three more discs along the railway, over which they had seen the first object, lit up making 6 in all. A tube of light emerged from the top of the object and probed the features of the house. Double tubes of light probed forward from 3 of the objects on the railway line, each towards a separate building. The ends of these 'solid' light beams or tubes edged forward slowly, penetrating a fence as they went. The beams were perfectly cylindrical, about 10 feet wide. There were no shadows anywhere.

Indoors, the temperature had risen to 104 degrees and everyone felt a burning, prickling sensation in their skin.
The light influenced the household animals and dogs by their become quiet and listless rather than their usual fierce nature. The tubes were moved around, withdrawn back to the craft. The objects then moved together and flew off at a low altitude towards the Sierra de Medina mountains. The cloud that had formed did not disperse for 4 hours. Underneath the spot where the object had hovered, the Morenos found a perfect cone 3 feet high composed of small white balls, half an inch in diameter. Others were found on the railway line. Under investigation, the balls were found to disintegrate under gentle pressure and contained 96.48 % calcium carbonate and 3.51% potassium carbonate.

1963 - On October 31,
8-year-old Rute de Souza was playing near her home in Iguape, SW of Santos, Brazil, when she heard a roaring noise which was rapidly becoming louder. Looking around, she saw a silvery object coming down from the sky, heading towards the nearby Peropava River. After passing over the house, the object hit the top of a palm tree and began to twist, turn and wobble in the air. Rute saw it fall into the river close to the far bank and started running back home when she met her mother coming to see what the noise was about. Raul de Souza, the child's uncle, had been working nearby and came over also such that the 3 of them ended up watching the river where the object had submerged. The surface boiled up, then there was an eruption of muddy water, followed by one of mud. Fishermen on the far bank had also observed the incident including a Japanese gentleman, Tetsuo Ioshigawa. The description of the object was "shaped like a wash basin, about 25 feet in diameter; it had hit the palm tree at no more than 20 feet off the ground. Divers searched the waters but found nothing and engineers with mine detectors failed to locate the object.

1963 - November 1:
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) overthrow the government, killing the prime minister, Diem, and his brother and head of the police, Ngo Dinh Nhu. Diem had been talking with U.S. Ambassador Lodge when Vietnamese Generals seized key military installations and communications systems in Saigon, secured the surrender of Nhu's Special Forces, and demanded the resignation of Diem and Nhu. Staling for time, Diem phoned Lodge to determine the American administration's attitude towards the coup. Finding support nowhere, Diem and Nhu escaped the palace by using a secret tunnel to a Catholic church in the Chinese district. They were subsequently captured, and, in retaliation for the fear and brutality they had brought to so many Vietnamese, were murdered brutally in a personnel carrier. U.S. troop strength in Vietnam is at 11,000.

U.S.A. President John F. Kennedy, shocked at the murders of the political leaders, opposed further involvement in Vietnam. He regards it as his greatest failure in foreign policy. He had placed his shared background of Catholicism and politics with Diem before the intolerance and suppression which Diem had effected on the Vietnamese. Kennedy is now briefed on earlier UFO findings and official contact with extraterrestrials and considers releasing all details to the world with the intent of encouraging peace worldwide. His bleached blond friend, and, in her last days, a RED Walk-In, Marilyn Monroe, knows that the world may end in nuclear disaster unless world peace through negotiation and conciliation is followed with tight controls on the development and use of technology. Because of their earlier intimate relationship, her statements, relayed by brother Bobby, encourages him that such a course would diminish mankind's preoccupation with armaments, war and destruction and provide an opportunity for worldwide human spiritual upliftment in the form of international cooperative support for the conquest of poverty, illness, aggression.

The C.I.A. and Pentagon Majority 12 believed:

1) that the President had been duped by a communist spy (women were frequently recruited by the KGB as spies) and that his "hard" line against the Soviets in Cuba and Berlin was only a "front" to gain him media and political support,

2) that they did not have the control over, or the privilege given them by former Presidents, who came from the same institutional origins or would defer authority to them (Kennedy made extensive use of scientific committees),

3) that most military careers would be decimated, as would the armaments-scientific-engineering-oil industries together with the privileges of authority (including material, rank, and sexual) that often were associated with same,

4) that in making public the plans of the Bilderbergers, and, the presence of other world beings, total anarchy would result in the English speaking world.

The Mafia (American organized crime) are very disturbed by the efforts of Robert Kennedy, John Kennedy's brother, and Attorney General to end their careers in jail terms.

1963 - On November 22,
President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated, while travelling in an open car, surrounded by CIA agents, following a CIA planned route.

1963 - By November,
The USAF Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) was operational.
It was over 100 feet (30 meters) long and was the biggest missile ever deployed by the U.S.A.. The Titan II had a launch weight of 330,000 lb. (150,000 kg) and could carry a 9-megaton nuclear warhead a distance of 9,325 miles (15,000 km). 54 of them were deployed, many in underground silos. Two exploded in their silos leading to the withdrawal of the others in the 1980s. By 1988, the Titan II was being used to carry secret military payloads into orbit and at least 68 more were to be built by Martin Marietta Corporation to diminish the military's reliance on the space shuttles. 20 launchings per year were taking place in 1991.

1963 -
Wilbert B. Smith in another speech, imparts information allegedly obtained from extraterrestrial sources that casts serious doubt on the validity of some basic concepts of our science and on our ideas of time. He mentions having made "hardware that works" from information given him by extraterrestrial intelligences. The speech was given in Vancouver in 1961.

1963 - By December,
Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, is elected Pope Paul VI.
In theory, any male Catholic who has the use of reason may be elected Pope.
In practice, all Popes since the 14th century have been chosen from among the cardinals or archbishops.

1963 - In issue 212:2 of "Atlantic",
R. Jastrow and H Newell authored an article entitled "Why Land On The Moon?".
An abstract stated:

"Moon exploration may help solve one of the classic problems of science, the origin of the solar system. The moon with no oceans or atmosphere to destroy the surface may still hold the key to the origin of life and the probability of other living organisms in the universe. If the moon and the planets were formed in a near collision of two stars, then life must be very unusual, possibly unique because space is very empty and collision between stars extremely rare. If planets were formed as a natural condensation process in which our sun was born, the creation of planets must have accompanied the formation of nearly every star in the universe. Since most of these stars are expected to have planets around them, there must be many cases in which size of one planet and its distance from the star are suitable for the development of life in a form somewhat as we know it. These are the fundamental questions involving the physical origin of our solar system and its living organisms, on which a powerful attack can now be made with the aid of lunar and planetary exploration."

This represents one of the many examples of the human weakness of reality denial by substitution of intellectualization. While ALL of human history demonstrates an inherent inability to live in harmony with the ecology of the Earth, in harmony with each other, and in reverence for life - the consideration of anything of concern beyond that which directly influences the Earth represents a weakening of the possibilities for human survival. If we went to and encountered an extraterrestrial lifeform, what of advantage could humans offer it, other than a threat to its existence and balance?

1963 - The winter,
in North America, was the worst in living memory with the intense cold killing hundreds of people.
Rumours began that the Earth might be on the verge of a new ice age.

During 1963/1964,
St. Augustine Volcano, Alaska, has a giant eruption.

During 1963/1964,
A Filovirus Outbreak occured amongst the tribes and monkeys on the north side of the Ugandan volcano, Mount Elgon. Located in a rainforest environment, along the Greek River, few non-Africans visited the region and there were few roads and virtually no means of mass communication. When a visiting agricultural inspector, working on the eastern slopes of the mountain was told, by the local chieftans in his region, how the diseased, in another area, acquired a rash and subsequently bled from all orifices and died - he thought little more about it assuming that it was possibly a superstition or a ploy to keep him from the diseased region. In a few years, the virus would prove to be extremely lethal to humans.

BACK to PEAR
INDEX

Memory Stimulators.
1964 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Failsafe, Goldfinger; Woman of Straw; The Yellow Rolls Royce; Your Cheatin' Heart; Mary Poppins; My Fair Lady; Robin and the Seven Hoods; A Fistful of Dollars; Advance to the Rear; Carry On Spying; Carry On Jack; The Lively Set; The Unsinkable Molly Brown; El Greco; Lilith; Father Goose; Bedtime Story; Seance on a Wet Afternoon

Songs: Anyone Who Had A Heart; Laugh, Laugh; A Summer Song; It's Not Unusual; Baby, I'm Yours; Girl From Ipanema; Last Kiss; Hello Dolly!; I Get Around; Where Did Our Love Go; Mr. Lonely; Everybody Loves Somebody; Chapel Of Love; Rag Doll; Leader of the Pack; Understand Your Man; Dang Me; My Heart Skips A Beat; Don't Be Angry; It Ain't Me Babe; Chug-A-Lug; Together Again; Four Strong Winds.

General News:

Consumer Price Index: 92.9

Timothy Leary and the teenage drug cult become popular in North America.

Beach parties, drugs and promiscuity became the vogue for teenagers.

Beatlemania and Go-Go girls, topless dresses and swim suits along with increased TV watching served as reality diversions for North Americans.

The Canadian Parliament spent much time debating on a new national flag.

Spy movies and serials became popular: "James Bond", Man from U.N.C.L.E..

The U.S.S.R. sent 3 cosmonauts into space in a single spacecraft.

The U.S.A. spacecraft, Ranger 7 , sent back pictures from the moon.

Lyndon Baines Johnson, wins the American election over Barry Goldwater.

During 1964, 100,000 Vietnamese civilians die in the Vietnam War.

1964 - By this year,
3 Fukienese Chinese heroin labs had been set up in Manila to meet the rising American demand as well as consumption by locally-based American troops. The Fukienese labs primarily produced No. 3 heroin for local consumption. Lim Seng, a Chinese Chiu Chao businessman, set up his own lab now, financed by an overseas insurance agency and a leading Filipino textile magnate who was a friend of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Lim Seng brought in a Chiu Chao chemist from Hong Kong and began producing small quantities of No. 3. The sudden oversupply forced the Fukienese out of business.

1964 - On January 2,
A report from Major General Victor H. Krulak of the Marine Corps, to U.S. President Johnson, advised that the 34A "destructive undertakings" to be conducted throughout the year would be designed "to result in substantial destruction, economic loss and harassment" to the North Vietnamese. The President throughout this period was supportive of any measures that would maintain a position of "noncommitting" to combat. This involved covert operations, financing of Vietnamese troop strength and the supply of armaments.

The 34A operations ranged from U2 flights over North Vietnam, to parachuting sabotage and psychological warfare teams into North Vietnam, commando raids from the sea to blow up rail and highway bridges and the bombardment of North Vietnamese coastal installations by PT boats. The clandestine operations were directed for the President by Mr. McNamara through a section of the Joint Chiefs organization called the "Office of the Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Special Activities". General Krulak first held the position of special assistant until February, 1964, when he was succeeded by Major General Rollen H. Anthis of the USAF. The attacks were given "interagency clearance" in Washington by coordinating them with the State Department and the C.I.A..

A covert force of propeller-driven T-28 fighter-bombers, varying from 25 to 40 aircraft, were also used in air operations over Laos in the war against North Vietnam. The planes bore Laotian Air Force markings, but only some belonged to that air force. The rest were manned by pilots of Air America (a pseudo-private airline run by the C.I.A.) and by Thai pilots under the direction of U.S. Ambassador Leonard Unger. Reconnaissance flights by regular USAF and U.S. Navy jets, code-named Yankee Team, gathered photographic intelligence for bombing raids by the T-28's against the North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao troops in Laos.

1964 - On January 7,
Clifton DeBerry was nominated as the candidate for USA president representing the "National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party" (SWP).

Lyndon Johnson was running for re-election, opposed by Barry Goldwater.
Johnson campaigned as a 'peace candidate' who was opposed to escalating the war, while Goldwater favoured increased bombing in Vietnam. Most of the voters believed Johnson's rhetoric and gave him a landslide victory. Only the SWP clearly, and accurately, described Johnson as an imperialist warrior. DeBerry became the first Black person ever to run for president of the USA.

1964 - On January 29,
General Nguyen Khanh leads a group of younger officers to overthrow the divided military junta which had taken power in South Vietnam. The 12 army officers of the junta had been educated in France and had spent much of their careers working for the French administration. They were conditioned followers and dependents and lacked the capability for political leadership, had no program, and were more often identified with Diem than with the opponents to the old regime. Suspicious of those around them, they became intolerant like their predecessor. Khanh was widely known among the Americans as a militant anti-Communist and as one of the ARVN's most able military commanders. The Johnson administration cautiously accepted him.

Guerrilla incidents were increasing throughout South Vietnam and coming closer to Saigon.
Disappointed with the lack of any progress in the attempted negotiations of the previous months, the North Vietnamese encouraged the Vietcong, and a record number of attacks and heavy casualties for the ARVN had occurred more recently. They were again within 50 miles of Saigon and were attacking U.S. Special Forces training camps elsewhere.

1964 - On January 30,
"Elektron 1 & 2" became the first publicized dual satellite launch.
They were launched from Tyuratam aboard an Sl-3 rocket and studied the inner and outer zones of the Van Allen radiation belt and the Earth's magnetic field to provide more information to allow greater protection for humans on manned spacecraft.

1964 -
Bert Gammie, a rancher from Green Lake, British Columbia, briefly saw an enormous spherical craft circle above his car. It was a dull metallic colour and had a series of exhaust vents at one end which emitted multi-coloured gases. He reported this to the RCAF in Vancouver who sent 2 senior air force officers to interview him. They brought a bulky portfolio of glossy prints of UFO's, many showing crafts in fine detail, for comparison. On leaving, they mentioned that if their visit received any publicity, they would deny they were ever there.

1964 - In March,
The Good Friday 8.4 Magnitude Earthquake in Prince William Sound, Alaska, resulted in extensive damage to Anchorage, generated landslides and produced a large tsunami, which swept across the Pacific at 500 mph, and - which claimed victims as far south along the coast as Crescent City, California. Striking in the late afternoon of a holiday, many residents were in safer locations than otherwise; number of people dead or missing was less than 200.

A chasm opened in Valdez harbour which temporarily drained it.
Many of the 1,500 townspeople had gathered near the dock to watch the unloading of the "S.S. Chena", a frieghter. When the quake occurred, the freighter was tossed up into the air several times as if it were a toy. One moment it was higher than the 2-storey warehouse, and twice it hit the bottom of the harbour. The warehouse, itself, went flying up into the air, crashed down into the water, and disappeared. Buildings collapsed or were split into pieces, water mains broke, oil tanks fractured and fires broke out. Tons of silt were forced up on the beach by the quake. Within minutes, 75% of Valdez was either destroyed or uninhabitable. More than 40 boats were smashed by the tidal waves and dozens of automobiles had been crushed by falling telephone poles and buildings. Live electrical wires thrashed about the streets, and transportation became largely limited to helicopters. The force generated was later calculated to have been equal to 50,000 Hiroshima atomic 15 kiloton bombs.

It was considered to be the strongest quake, to that date, to have been recorded in North America; surpassed worldwide only by Chile's 1906 quake rated at 200,000 megatons. In downtown Anchorage, the largest city affected, the buildings and pavement dropped 20 feet. Off and on all that day a light snowfall had misted down over Anchorage. During the quake some buildings moved back and forth as much as 5 feet in each direction. The states vital fishing industry was badly crippled and the total damage was estimated at $350 million. Massive federal aid - not just loans and relief - would be needed to help repair the towns and the economy.

At the Standard Oil dock in Seward, the "Alaska Standard" tanker was connected to the storage tanks by a series of hoses. "All of a sudden the dock just lifted up 10 feet. The ship went up - or maybe I went down. All of the hoses parted and there was a spray of gasoline in every direction. The dock just fell in and I saw this big comber wave full of timber rolling in 'way above me." Resurrection Bay was suddenly empty of all water and the tanker fell out of sight of some of the people a short distance ashore. Flames erupted from the Standard Oil tanks and set off some other tanks, some holding up to 11,000 barrels of fuel. The blazing fuel poured into the bay until the entire surface was aflame. A tidal wave hurled a wall of fire against a Texaco storage tank farm 8 city blocks from the shore; another big tank collapsed. Water and burning fuel then surged over the railroad tracks and into the lower north end of the city. Dozens of homes and house trailers were crushed along with waterfront shops and the radio station - and then set afire. Vehicles carrying fleeing people were swept off the streets. A train had been coming down the tracks into town; it suddenly disappeared.

1964 - On March 12,
Malcolm X stated at a heavily popularized news conference that:

"Nineteen sixty-four threatens to be a very explosive year. ... We should be peaceful, law-abiding, but the time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked. If the government thinks I am wrong for saying this, then let the government start doing its job."

The USA Administration responded by telling Hoover to do his job of ensuring civil law and order against the disorder advocated by civil rights activists.

1964 - On April 02,
"Zond 1", a USSR spacecraft similar to the Soyuz with no orbital module, smaller solar panels, no backup motor, and additional heatshielding to cope with the higher re-entry speed. Launched from Tyuratam, the 825 kg Venus probe completed a flyby of Venus on July 19 at 100,000 km. Contact with the probe was lost earlier, in May.

1964 -
Laura Mundo describes an alleged visit to Mars and the information she learned about both the Earth and Mars from her experiences and "guide".

1964 - During the year,
60 Kilograms of Plutonium are discovered to be missing from a plant in Pennsylvania state, USA. Supercritical mass for Plutonium, enough to produce a 20-megaton nuclear weapon is defined as 35.2 pounds (16 kgs) and this amount may be reduced to 22 pounds (10 kgs) by surrounding it with the more common and easier to obtain U-235 uranium metal. In other words, the amount of missing plutonium could be capable of enabling the construction of six 20-megaton nuclear weapons.

1964 - On April 24,
Gary Wilcox, while working on his farm in Newark Valley, N.Y., sees a UFO in a nearby field.
The craft was "bigger than a car in length ... shaped something like an egg ... no seams or rivets ... estimated at 20 feet in length, 4 feet high, and 15 feet wide and felt to touch like a metallic canvas". The crew are 2 humanoid 4-foot-tall beings who are holding up specimens of soil and sod and who identify themselves as being from Mars. They explain that although they had been obtaining their food from the atmosphere, they had to find a way to rehabilitate their soil and raise food. The entities said there would be changes in the solar system and that Mars would change in position to where the Earth is now.

Wilcox would later speculate that the "food taken from the atmosphere" might by similar to the celestial manna described in the Bible in Exodus; the angels described there were cherubim - little people.

1964 - In the early evening of April 24th,
Lonnie Zamora, a Socorro, New Mexico police officer took off in his cruiser after what he thought was a speeder. Following it out of town, he heard a loud roar, saw a flash of light, and thought a nearby dynamite shack had exploded. Driving near to a gully, he spotted over 400 yards away, at the bottom of the gully, a bright, white object. At first, he thought that it was an overturned car and near it he could see two "people". Zamora stopped the patrol car and got out. He couldn't see the figures in the gully well but thought that they were smaller than normal adults. They were wearing some type of "white clothes", but he couldn't see any other details. He realized that the object was not an overturned car, nor a car on end, sort of a vertical oval supported on girderlike legs. It was an egg-shaped 20 foot long, 4 foot high, 15 foot wide metallic canvas object.

The beings said they came from Mars, could only come to Earth every 2 years, warned about people being sent into space as unhealthy for them, that they did not fly near our cities because the pollution affected the flight of their spacecraft, that their atmosphere would be too thin for Zamora to breathe, and that they were learning about our organic materials because of the rocky nature of their Mars.

As he started forward, the humanoids apparently saw him.
Everyone turned to run, the aliens scrambling back into the object, and Zamora bumped into the patrol car. Zamora heard several thumps followed by a roar which rose gradually in pitch and saw a blue and orange flame rise from the ground. The oval shape turned horizontal and passed above the ground at 15 foot height before accelerating away. Four burn marks and 4 depressions were found at the site marking a circular pattern with the main burn mark in the centre. Four small round "footprints" were found to one side of and within the quadrilateral.

Seconds after the object disappeared, Zamora called Sergeant Chavez, a state police officer.
Chavez saw the markings where the UFO had stood and one bush was still smoking when he arrived. Several clumps of grass were burned and 4 holes were pressed into the ground. Several investigators from the USAF arrived over the next few days from various AFBs. Eventually, for they could not find any holes in the story, they acknowledged it as a sighting which could not be identified. Hynek and other government agents did their best then, and later to try and find something to discredit Zamora. Theories to discredit or complicate the described experience all fell apart when tested in reality.

1964 - By April
U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, totally dependent on his advisers for foreign policy, had begun to increase American involvement in the Vietnam war. American troop strength would be increased from 16,300 to 23,300 during the year and an additional $50 million in aid would be pledged. Covert operations against North Vietnam increased. Intimidation of North Vietnam by the use of air strikes were now threatened and used in an attempt to exclude North Vietnamese support for the Vietcong. Despite extensive American-sourced bureaucratic and theoretical planning, few programs were effectively implemented by President Khanh. Sympathy for the Vietcong grew and desertion from the ARVN grew also.

1964 - On June 03,
The "Gemini 4" spacecraft with crew McDivitt-White while passing over Hawaii almost collide with a silver cylinder, oval with a luminous trail. They photographed it.

1964 - On June 19,
Linus Pauling, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize (1962) and the Nobel prize for Chemistry (1954),
gave a speech "Nuclear Weapons and World Sanity" at the UNESCO House in Paris as part of a series on Science Education and its Responsibilities. Some of his points were as follows:

"It is the duty of society as a whole to make the important decisions regarding social, political and economic matters but it is the special duty of the scientist to contribute with his special knowledge and understanding to a greater extent than other people and to help his fellow citizens to reach the right decisions. ...

Never before had it been dangerous to people the world over for military establishments to carry out tests of their future weapons; but now damage has already been done to members of the human race by nuclear weapons tests. ...

High energy radiation, it is known, causes gene mutation, and it is possible to estimate the amount of gene mutation resulting from radiation from cesium 137, carbon 14 and other radioactive nuclei produced in the testing of nuclear weapons and liberated into the atmosphere. These radioactive substances, and particularly carbon 14, will continue to produce defective children for thousands of years.

If the human race survives."

1964 - On July 11,
"Elektron 3 & 4" became the second publicized dual satellite launch.
They were launched from Tyuratam aboard an Sl-3 rocket and studied the inner and outer zones of the Van Allen radiation belt and the Earth's magnetic field to provide more information to allow greater protection for humans on manned spacecraft.

1964 - During the Summer,
The murder of 3 Civil Rights Workers took place near Philadelphia, Mississippi.
Clifton De Berry later revealed that "While the 3 kidnapped youths were in jail ... their co-workers became fearful for their safety, and telephoned the FBI in Jackson. The FBI agent ... refused to help and told the rights fighters that he wouldn't have any more dealings with them." The 3 were forcibly removed from the jail and taken to a gravel pit where they were murdered and buried. Over the next several months, the media focused the attention of citizens on this action. Public sympathy was becoming favourable to social disorder; President Johnson was becoming intense: he ordered Hoover to clean up the mess. Between 200 and 300 FBI agents with lots of money to pay bribes, were sent to Mississippi. The bodies were found and Klan violence ended for awhile.

Hoover, always the supreme bureaucrat, knew that a bureaucrat never infringes on the apparent authority and role of other agencies and organizations with whom he is expected to carry out his purpose: a humiliation now can lead to a revenge later. His perception of the role of the FBI was as a overseer of policing in the Americas with the responsibility for maintaining "political" order: the status quo of the capitalist elite. Hoover was selective about which areas his agents would become involved in. Their investigations were largely intended to provide other law enforcement agencies with "favours" of disinformation and "evidence" by which social irritants could be muzzled, disgraced, or detained.

Hoover would not allow his agents to become involved further than this until instructed directly to do so by his superiors, the Attorney General and the President of the USA. As a bureaucrat, he could then always justify the actions of his agents against those of other law enforcement agencies and elitist racist groups by deferring the responsibility to his superiors. The public would not forget his tardiness of response despite his media contrived image favouring courage and integrity.

1964 - In July,
A Moritorium on Civil Rights Demonstrations until after the November presidential election was issued by a group of major civil rights leaders including Roy Wilkins and Martin Luther King. They had met with Lyndon Johnson who had promised them passage of a Civil Rights Act if they helped him get elected. The purpose was to make it easier for Johnson to hold on to the racist vote which was threatening to go to Barry Goldwater. Clifton De Berry condemned the move: "This is the surest way for Negroes to get nothing ... Black people must develop independent legal force. That's the only way they can be a power and the only way they can defend themselves against the attacks of the racists which will come whether Johnson or Goldwater is elected."

Johnson would fulfill his promise, the Civil Rights Act would be passed.
Laws don't change persons minds. A law in only as feasible as the structure provided for its enforcement and the degree to which justice is served.

1964 - On July 31,
The U.S.A. "Ranger 7" spacecraft lands on the moon:
Its intended target was a plainlike region about 400 miles south of the great crater of Copernicus, which appeared through Earth telescopes to be one of the smoothest in its part of the moon. Ranger returned 4,300 pictures in 17 minutes, providing a view estimated to be 1,000 times clearer than through any earthbound telescope. The dual television cameras focused on a 300,000 square-mile segment of the moon before it landed. The TV cameras scanned 1,150 lines per image, as compared to 525 lines in ordinary North American TV images. 300 foot secondary craters appear to cover about half the surface and evidence of "erosion" was suggested by the ground down craters and smooth stretches between the craters. Up to 50 feet of erosion is expected to have taken place since the moon came into existence.

1964 - On August 01,
Tinker AFB Radar tracks many UFOs reported throughout Oklahoma.

1964 - In August,
"Alva", a nuclear test blast at the Utah test range, spread radiation off the site; the government denied the safety failure.

1964 -
U.S.A. President Lyndon Johnson, part of the old government-military bureaucracy, continues the U.S. military buildup and involvement in Vietnam. The destroyer "Maddox", in the Gulf of Tonkin, on August 1, is singled out for media attention following an attack on it by DRV torpedo boats. South Vietnamese gun boats had bombarded the nearby island of Hon Me the preceding evening; the North Vietnamese had assumed that the Maddox had supported the attacks. The U.S. destroyer "C. Turner Joy" was sent to support the Maddox.

On August 4, an attack is alleged during operations in heavy seas, based on admittedly unreliable sonar and radar contacts. American media dramatize the "unprovoked attacks" against their freedom loving troops and the pride of American politicians is aroused. In vengeance, American aircraft are sent to strike against the DRV.

On August 6, Khanh assumed dictatorial powers, and like his predecessors, imposed heavy restrictions on civil liberties. Thousands of Saigonese demonstrated in the streets and the humiliated General resigned. Anarchy reigned in the streets for days with Buddhists and Catholics waging open war as did gangs of thieves who pillaged and fought with hatchets and machetes. Vietnamese politicians negotiated and quarrelled for power.

On August 7, Congress grants Johnson the authority for all future military involvement to be taken "to repel any armed attacks against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." The administration will now be able to rationalize any degree of involvement. The first direct attacks on U.S. bases in Vietnam comes in November; the NLF now controls 75% of South Vietnam. Troop strength in Vietnam will grow from 11,000 in 1963 to 82,000 in March, 1965, to 125,000 in June, 1965, to 200,000 in December, 1965, to 250,000 in April, 1966, to 375,000 in December, 1966, to 463,000 in June, 1967, with a request for 200,000 more in February, 1968. By November, 1968, there will have been 107,700 bombing raids, dropping 2.6 million tons of explosive - more than twice the tonnage dropped by all Allied air forces in Europe during WWII. Johnson has served the Pentagon, dutifully. And the Pentagon has served American manufacturers.

Clifton De Berry, a a previous Black American candidate for president, protested that "The incidents between the US destroyer and the PT boats were the pretext, not the cause, of the U.S. air attack." It would be several years before he would be proven correct. De Berry went on to protest: "We of the Socialist Workers party say, get all the U.S. troops, planes, and warships out of Vietnam - North and South. If as Johnson claims their purpose is to 'protect democracy,' then send them to Mississippi and let them do some protecting of Black Americans there."

1964 - On September 04,
Mr. Frank Sergi and other observers in Glassboro, New Jersey, saw a red glowing object hovering over the woods near the town. Sergi and another man watched as the object descended, hovered and finally landed. When it was gone, several minutes later, they searched the woods and found a burned crater in a clearing. The next day, they went back to the site to recheck their findings and on leaving mentioned it to 2 boys who were fishing nearby. The father of one of the boys was the local NICAP (National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena) representative. Other residents later reported seeing strange red flashing lights at night for several days before the landing. Mrs. Freda Dufala saw a spherical, red, glowing object hovering close to where the crater was found. Carol Smith saw an orange-yellow object near the woods on September 7th, 3 nights later. From under it, came a bright red glow and she watched it land, take off with a thundering roar and then land again. The Air Force became involved after noticing reports in a number of newspapers beginning September 10 in conjunction to numerous calls to McGuire Air Force Base.

In the crater, they found a firecracker, which an Air Force colonel seemed to think was very significant. By September 14, the USAF had completed its investigation. They were convinced it had been a hoax. Other researchers publicly disputed the official conclusions and findings. Mr Sergi said that the USAF investigators had arrived after thousands, maybe as many as 4000 curious people had trampled through the woods. On September 12, a group of high school students went to Glassboro to conduct their own investigation because of discrepancies between the media, USAF, and NICAP findings. They were saddened for not coming earlier before the site had been so disturbed. They did confirm that the ground indentations were 18 inches deep by 9 inches square and had been made by a great force which had crushed some tree roots as opposed to having been dug, which would have cut the roots. The distances between the indentations were 23 feet by 23 feet by 26 feet. Above the site, several tree limbs had been broken.

In January, 1965, a young man came forward declaring that he had faked the sighting because he needed money to continue his college career. All the government officials were impressed and he was fined 50 dollars for his ingenuity. The sentence was suspended and he paid 10 dollars in court costs. Other wondered about the trial and if the "confession" was a convenient hoax for the authorities. Ostensibly, the boy had obtained a quantity of radium dioxide and spread it around the site, even though reports had shown only normal levels of background radiation. Access to the dangerous, costly chemical was never explained.

Other expertise established that "It would have required heavy machinery or the combined weight of 10 men to break the tree limbs. The root system was sprung downward. There was a scar of recent origin at the base of the trunk that would have required a powerful piece of machinery and a smooth metal cylinder." They didn't know how it could have been done without leaving any traces/tracks of the machinery. Leaves from the top of a 40 foot oak tree were examined and found to be singed to the last degree but not burnt. A NICAP investigator concluded "it would require some type of flame-thrower, in very skilful hands to singe but not burn the leaves." Further, the outside of the crater had been singed, as if by very intense heat. The sand had fused, forming glass-like particles. The distribution of heat had been uniform because the depth of the burning was uniform. It had been extremely hot but present for only seconds because the ground was not burned very deeply. The fact that nothing accounted for these findings did not sway the USAF from its conclusion of "hoax".

Evidently, according to the USAF, 3 teenage boys spread an expensive chemical around the site, but no one found it; used heavy equipment to break tree limbs, but left no traces; dug uniform holes but were sophisticated enough not to break the roots; burned the inside of the crater with something hot enough to fuse the surface sand quickly but not burn the subsoil. They did all this expertly, quickly, and quietly. Then they left the secluded area for others to find and suspect a UFO landing. They somehow got many other residents to come forward and support their hoax by reporting sightings.

1964 - During September,
A Nobel Prize for Physics is awarded for Fundamental Laser Research to physicists in the Soviet Union: Aleksander Prokhorov, Nikolai Basov. Such research will contribute to the development of compact disk players, laserdisk players, military targeting devices, and military weapons as well as high temperature cutting beams.

1964 - By the end of September,
Edward Albert, a pseudonym for a man interviewed by a New Delhi "Statesman" reporter had been interviewed and written about in a local publication. Albert had been found sitting "bare-naked in one of the cave-like monuments at Mehrauli near the Buddha Vihara." The man had been living in the cave for 5 months, ever since his arrival in India. He was portrayed as a man "not eager to talk about his experiences ... doesn't want publicity; he doesn't care if anyone believes him or not."

He revealed to the reporter, S. Vankatesh, that "I have not only seen the objects from outer space, but have taken photographs and even travelled in them." He showed the reporter about 80 photographs, "all taken with a folding camera and neatly kept in an album." He said he had taken over 400 such photos, but most of them had been stolen in Jordan and India. He declined to give any of them to the reporter. Vankatesh described what he had seen in the photos as "vary in size and shape ... One is a globular object with a round disc in the centre; another is funnel-shaped; a third is like a neon lamp; a fourth is a big, bright cross and others bright zig-zag lines. Some of these have been taken on the ground and some flying in the sky." The man said he had taken the photos in Greece, Jordan, and India.

Albert said that he had been frequently visited by the spacepersons and had travelled to at least one other inhabited planet. On this unusual planet, "All of the objects were white," and the spacepeople looked very much like humans except they were taller, had a certain glow about them, and were spiritually more advanced. They expressed themselves through the transmission of thought patterns. Vankatesh noted that the man had few possessions - several articles of clothing, his photo album, a folding camera, and two small bags. Travelling with him was a pet monkey named Emperor. At the end of the interview, Albert and Emperor were to pack up their few belongings and, with a new friend, begin hitchhiking back across the Middle East to Switzerland. Albert expected to relate to German scientists his experiences, show them his photos and the objects which he said he had collected from the planets he had visited.

Timothy Good, a UFO researcher, later tracked the man down, he believed, to be one Eduard Albert Meier who lived in the foothills southeast of Zurich. Good played for the London Symphony Orchestra, which during a winter orchestra tour in 1965 played in Zurich. (see 1975 for the continuation).

1964 - By October,
Richard Price, an American 8-year-old in 1955 when he perceived himself to have been abducted and implanted with a device, confided his secret to a schoolfriend. Within days all of the students had learned of the story by gossip and proceeded to ostracize and make fun of Richard. School authorities became alarmed at the fact that he had told such a story and had Richard taken to a state hospital for psychological testing and assessment. He was released after 3 months only after he realized that nothing else would be accepted except his denial of the incident - which he admitted. At no time was he ever physically examined to determine if indeed anything resembling a physical abnormality or implant was present. For a young teen, the social and political experience was traumatic as all his human relationships seemed to have been destroyed by his telling what he believed was the truth - and for which he had the physical evidence. He would not mention it to others again until 1981.

This appears to be a common human social response to the reporting by individuals of experiences, the reality of which threaten the authority and quiet confidence which the listener holds in the narrow status quo: disbelief, persecution, ostracism, restriction of freedoms, coercion to conform.

1964 -
A USA Rubella (German Measles) Viral Epidemic leaves 15,999 to 20,000 stillbirths and 15,000 to 20,000 children with genetic disorders including blindness, total deafness, imbecility, deformed limbs and heart problems. Epidemiologists predicted that the next epidemic would occur in 1970-71. Publicity of the thalidomide drug-induced genetic disaster, which resulted in the birth of 8,000 deformed children worldwide was much more prominent and intense. The drug problem had been stopped. Awareness and preparation could stop rubella pregnancy disorders, IF the general public were informed periodically and without the terror tactics so common to the drama-seeking media.

In 1961, two groups of investigators, one headed by Dr. Thomas Weller at Harvard, the other by Dr. Paul D. Parkman at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, isolated the virus and devised ways of cultivating it in the laboratory.

1964 - On October 12,
The USSR publicly launches "Voskhod 1", a 3-man space vehicle carrying a pilot, doctor, and scientist. The Voskhod was a modified 2-man Vostok and 2 publicized missions were completed before the Soyuz had been perfected. Vladimir Komarov (pilot), Konstantin Feoktistov (a Vostok-Voskhod designer) and Boris Yegorov (physician) were launched and completed 16 orbits. The cramped conditions were such that the crew flew with no bulky pressurized suits or ejection escape system. It was an example of the Russian military-political design philosophy of "do-it-simple and make sure that it works". The Voskhod flights proved to be the last made under the leadership of Sergei Korolev, the chief designer for launchers and spacecraft. He died at age 60 on 15, January, 1966, his health undermined by 6 years in Siberian concentration camps under Stalin's regime. Only after death was his identity in the space program revealed to the public. Premier Krushchev received the customary conversation with the cosmonauts; he was deposed before they landed.

1964 - By November,
Eduard (Billy) Meier, while in India, had been allowed to photograph the spacecraft of his spacewoman mentor, Asket. This was high above the Ashoka Ashram on the outskirts of Mehrauli. In the photograph, the craft appeared distinctly disk-shaped, topped by the slight rise of a dome, but otherwise undetailed. Asket left him later this year. Before leaving, she told Meier that for his own benefit as well as that of his new contacts' he would be monitored for the next 11 years. At the end of that time, if assured that he had achieved the proper spiritual plane to allow face-to-face contact, the new beings would reveal their presence to him. She further stated that:

"Your forefathers came from the Constellation Lyra. And when you have become mature enough to hear the new explanations concerning these matters, you will have the answers from the descendants of your forefathers themselves. The eternal truth remains for all times the eternal truth."

1964 - On November 05,
"Mariner 3", a USA 261 kg planetary satellite, was launched by an Atlas Agena D rocket from Cape Canaveral. Battery power depleted early and did not allow TV pictures to be broadcast from a distance of 13,840 km from Venus.

1964 - On November 14,
The Reverend Father Benito Reyna of the "Society of Jesus", saw and photographed a "flotilla" of flying saucers from the vantage point of the Adhara Observatory, San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina. He reports also seeing and photographed 3 UFOs which followed in close proximity to and on a route perpendicular to the orbit of and on the same plane as Echo II (communications satellite) through the powerful telescope at the Observatory.

1964 - On November 28,
"Mariner 4", a USA 261 kg planetary satellite, was launched from Cape Canaveral by an Atlas Agena D rocket. A new fairing design was used in hopes of countering the problem which had arisen with Mariner 3.
After 228 days and 523 million km Mars was passed at 9844 km on July 14, 1965.
During the next 10 days 21 TV images & 22 lines of a 22nd were received at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California, as a tape recorder played back the digitized pictures at 8-1/3 bits per second. These images covered about 1% of Mars, an area that appeared to be heavily cratered, very dry and with no trace of surface water.

1964 - On November 30,
"Zond 2", a USSR spacecraft similar to the Soyuz with no orbital module, smaller solar panels, no backup motor, and additional heatshielding to cope with the higher re-entry speed. Launched from Tyuratam, the 1145 kg Mars probe completed a flyby of Mars on August 6, 1965 at 1,500 km. Contact with the probe was lost earlier, in April, 1965. It was a suicide mission with human observation for as long as possible.

1964 - In the Devember issue of "American Scientist",
R. Bieri of Antioch College authored an article entitled "Humanoids on Other Planets?"
The author's abstract follows:

"If life has evolved on other planets in other solar systems, and if some population has reached the level of conceptual thought, it is highly probable that the organism so endowed will bear strong resemblance to homo sapiens. Theory is based on the premise that the physical properties of the elements, the forms of energy available, and the environmental conditions which would allow life to arise and evolve are such that severe limitations are imposed on the number of routes available to evolving forms. The number of alternative possibilities is by no means infinite; on the contrary, the number is limited. This number of available routes has led to the innumerable cases of convergent evolution in plants and animals. Evidence shows that, again and again, animals and plants have independently evolved not only similar structures but also similar biochemical systems and similar behavioural patterns as solutions to the same fundamental problem."

1964 - On December 01,
Limited bombing raids against infiltration routes to South Vietnam are approved by U.S. President Johnson with immediate initiation. They would extend into Laos.

1964 - During the year,
Marshall McLuhan had his "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man" published.
He tried to bring the awareness to people-in-general that the medium through which a communication is communicated affects the content and effect of the communication. The difference is felt both by the sender of the communication and the receiver. Listening to a radio program encourages the development of human visual imagination. The human mind seeks to "fill in" that part of reality which is missing. Watching TV, on the other hand encourages the human mind to fill in another aspect of reality: form. The flat image on the picture tube is enhanced by the human imagination such that it seems to "come alive". Observers speak of the images which they are seeing as if they are in the present tense, even though they may have been photographed decades before, or, may represent a future yet to happen. Actors are often spoken of as if they are really the people they are portraying and the plots are true to their life. We feel emotion for them, as if we knew them like neighbours. Yet it is all illusion.

Failure to recognize the illusionary nature of all media is to allow oneself to be manipulated, deceived, informed, and programmed by that media. The escape from its power is not through denial of its power nor through a comprehension of how it "works". Rather, it comes only by an assertion of one's own personal experience and interaction with reality and the understanding of how the media can compliment or skew that true reality. Allowing yourself to accept the authority of the medium, because it refuses to acknowledge you is little different than selling your spirit into slavery.

1964 - In December,
The "Report of the U.S. Special Commission on the Nation's Health" was given to the President.
It concluded that half of the population of the United States suffered from some form of chronic disease, and only a small percentage of all Americans are free from any kind of physical ailment or defect. Also to be noted was the fact that the USA had more mental hospitals and sanitoriums, more psychiatrists and psychoanalysts per capita than any other Earth nation. It was estimated that one out of every ten Americans might spend part of their life in a mental (health) institution.

BACK to PEAR
INDEX

Memory Stimulators.
1965 - HIGHLIGHTS:

Movies:

Doctor Zhivago; The IPCRESS File; The Sandpiper; A Patch of Blue; The Spy Who Came In From The Cold; Cat Ballou; Shenandoah; Soylent Green; The Bedford Incident; The Sound of Music; War of the Planets; Mirage; She; The Cincinnati Kid; Thunderball; The Agony and the Ecstasy; Town Tamer; Those Magnificient Men in their Flying Machines; How to Murder Your Wife; Baby the Rain Must Fall; What's New Pussycat?; I Saw What You Did; The Truth About Spring; The Pawnbroker

Television : Run For Your Life, Get Smart, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Lost in Space, The Man from U.N.C.L.E..

Songs : Satisfaction; You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'; Downtown; Turn! Turn! Turn!; Stop! In The Name Of Love; Liar, Liar; Do You Believe In Magic; This Diamond Ring; My Girl; I Got You Babe; Get Off My Cloud; Sounds of Silence; Help Me Rhonda; Tamborine Man; Eve of Destruction; King of the Road; What's He Doing In My World; Ribbon of Darkness; The First Thing Every Morning; May the Bird of Paradise Fly; England Swings; Make The World Go Away; Is It Really Over; 10 Little Bottles.

General News :

Consumer Price Index: 94.5

Toys in North America mirrored mass media violence based on technological sophistication (James Bond, Johnny Seven) & black humour (The Munsters).

Skiing for the family became increasingly popular in Canada.

Long hair became a method of acting out for North American teens.

Electric appliances became the norm in North American households.

Instant and frozen and TV dinners became established in supermarkets.

Motorcycles by Honda and Yamaha became popular with teenagers in Canada.

During 1965, 100,000 Vietnamese civilians will die in the Vietnam War; 415,000 since 1961; 47.5% are estimated to have been under the age of 16.

1965 - On January 01,
USSR Premier Alexei Kosygin pledged the Soviet Union to an "active policy of peace and relaxation of international tension." He offered joint actions between the USSR and other countries for general and complete disarmament, outlawing of nuclear weapons, and an agreement to end "foreign interference" in the internal affairs of other states. He also sent a letter to "Comrade Premier Chou en-Lai urging similar measures in reply to Chou's invitation to hold a summit meeting on nuclear weapons.

1965 - During the year,
The Earth will be in Opposition to Mars and an increased intensity of UFO sightings, particularly in the area of the eastern seaboard USA states, are reported.

1965 - During the year,
Both France and the USSR favour a return to the Gold Standard for trade exchange.
The USSR wishes to become more involved in the international trading market yet is hampered by its minimal trade with the USA and its resultant small amount of US dollar international exchange. Its customers want to be paid in dollars, not in rubles. A return to the gold standard would enable the Soviet Union to trade some of its gold for US dollars. In France, a leader in the possibility of a unified European federation, a return to a gold standard would provide a fair chance for the common currency of the federation to become as internationally accepted for trade as the USA dollar has become. French and European pride is debased by having to "worship" the American currency; they would rather revere their own.

1965 -
A letter from USSR Foreign Minister Gromyko to North Vietnamese Foreign Minister Suan Tui repeated an earlier promise that the USSR would help North Vietnam if it came under attack. (It has been rumoured that the USA plans to use force to stop supplies reaching pro-Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam by attacking North Vietnamese bases.) Gromyko also added "demands that the USA end all interference in the affairs of South Vietnam. The Vietnamese, he said should be left "to settle their internal affairs." The Soviet government believed, Gromyko said, that it was the duty of all parties to the Geneva Accords on Indochina "to take the necessary steps to frustrate plans of the US military for extending the aggressive war in Indochina."

1965 - On January 06,
China denounced the United Nations as "a United States imperialist instrument of aggression" and a tool of colonialism. In an editorial in the People's Daily, which supported Indonesia's withdrawal from the UN, it described the UN as "an infamous organ in the service of old and new colonialism and a vile place for a few powers to share the spoils."

This was an expected response towards an international organization, ostensibly set up for world peace which as part of its record has provided a division of Korea, has allowed the build-up of war in Indo-China, and, has refused to acknowledge the existence of the majority of the Chinese peoples for several decades after its formation. The elitist Security Council veto as part of the basic structure of the UN condemned it from the beginning from taking any truly peace providing action in situations involving the strongest and most colonial nations on the Earth. This has equalled token contributions to peace while the nations with the economies most dependent upon military production and the politics of warmongering appear to receive tacit approval for their ventures by virtue of the UN's contractual hands-off policy towards them.

1965 - On January 08,
President Charles De Gaulle, of France, determined to develop his own European nuclear deterrent, seemingly at any price, is now out-bidding West Germany for German rocket scientists working in Egypt. Two French projects for placement of repatriated German rocketeers are the 3-stage Dimant and the underwater Mer-Sol-Balistique-Strategique. Twenty German rocket scientists already are working on the Dimant, a middle-range ballistic missile, under the Franco-German cultural and scientific exchange agreement. The MSBS is General de Gaulle's copy of the USA polaris. The two missiles are designed as carriers for nuclear warheads. West Germany is refusing to enact legislation forcing the repatriation of the scientists helping President Nasser develop a family of Arab missiles to menace Israel.

1965 - On January 11,
A USA-built U-2 reconnaissance plane was shot down over northern China last night, the New China News Agency reported. The plane "of Chiang Kai-shek's gang" according to the agency, was reported to have been the 4th U-2 shot down in the past 2 years. Meanwhile, China has launched a program for a substantial build-up of naval forces and coastal defenses.

1965 - On January 11,
The USSR announced that it had orbited "Cosmos 52", the 52nd successful and reported launch of a space series to gather data for manned flights. Beginning with 12 launches in 1962, 52 known launches would be made during this year. This designation, "Cosmos", would also be applied to launch failures, well into the 1980s, for satellites originally intended to be part of the Venera or Mars designated programs.

1965 - On January 13,
Development of the Voyager spacecraft and other aspects of the NASA space program, receive a budget allocation of $5.25 billion by the US government.

1965 - On January 18,
The worst gales in more than 10 years with winds up to 101 mph, left a trail of death and destruction in Britain.

1965 - On January 20,
The USA considered charging the USSR with violating the limited test-ban treaty as a result of an underground explosion on January 15 in central Asia. The USA AEC said last night that the blast had produced some fallout in the northern Pacific near Japan. Officials noted that, under the treaty, fallout is supposed to be kept within the boundaries of the testing nation.

1965 - In January,
A crewman aboard a Provincial Aeronautical Bureau aircraft photographed a cigar-shaped capsule estimated to be about 8 metres long and 1 meter in diameter which fell at San Miguel, Argentina. Local inhabitants said the object was a flying saucer and that they had seen little individuals working around the craft in uniforms like diver's suits that gave off a strange phosphorescence.

1965 -
A USSR supersonic rocket carrying plane was pictured in a recent (before January 25) issue of the Soviet Army newspaper "Red Star". The paper declared that the plane can launch a missile to any spot on the globe with 100% success (not accounting for intercept capabilities of other nations, spaceperson interference, or, solar flare precipitated electronic irregularities.

1965 - On January 27,
Lt. General Nyuyen Khanh, commander-in-chief of South Vietnam's armed forces, assumed power today by toppling the USA supported civilian government headed by Premier Tran Van Huang. It is the 6th political upheaval in the past 15 months in Saigon and it followed a week of Buddhist-inspired rioting. It is the result of a "purge" initiated by younger officers and Vice Air Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky and General Nguyen Chanh Thi following weeks of unproductive effort by an fragmented civil government. American representatives express severe concern to the officers. They offer to cooperate with civilian politicians to form a new government but Buddhist leaders refuse to participate and begin more demonstrations, hunger strikes and immolations. Protestors publicly demand the resignation of Ambassador Taylor and 5000 students sack the U.S. Information Service library in Hue. The Vietcong decimate two elite South Vietnamese units in major battles during this anarchy.

1965 - On January 28,
Responsible Witnesses had reported UFO sightings over Langley Air Force Base.
Strangely, the Air Force failed to investigate the incident and subsequently misrepresented the facts. Why?

1965 -
Jerome Clark speculates that UFO beings might put a false cover over their activities ... to discourage legitimate inquiry into the saucer field by making it look ridiculous, and to instill false ideas into the minds of those who do go to investigate the subject.

1965 - By February 01,
The first atomic bomb for Indonesia was being worked on by 200 scientists.
Brigadier General Hartono said last November that Indonesia would explode an atomic bomb in 1965 and that it has begun surveying the possibility of producing intercontinental ballistic missiles.

1965 - On February 02,
A plan to set up nuclear submarine and weapons bases in Japan by the USA was announced on Moscow radio. The USA nuclear submarine "Seadragon" is making a second visit to the port of Sasebo today. "US imperialists are planning to make the Japanese islands their bases for nuclear-powered submarines and weapons. It cannot be ignored that a Japanese port becomes the entrance for vessels equipped with nuclear rockets to the great ocean extending up the coasts of other peace-loving countries of Asia."

The Cuban Missile Crisis of the earlier 1960s presented exactly the same risk to the USA by the USSR and almost resulted in World War III. This time Japanese demonstrators against the locating of US nuclear submarines in their ports would eventually be resolved by the Japanese Navy acquiring a number of late model nuclear submarines and continuing to provide a real and maximum threat to the USSR through to the end of the 1990s.

1965 - On February 02,
In Pavia, Italy, NOISE as a cause of increased frequency of heart attacks was stated by Professor Salvatore Maugeri, a prominent Italian physician and director of the Labor Medicine Clinic. In long studies which he conducted in the noisiest Italian cities, he found that noise placed extra strain on the human heart resulting in overwork and contributing to fatal heart attacks.

1965 - On February 02,
It was announced that the Egyptian government would issue a special bonus of 10,000,000 birth control pills at low cost for Bairam, a 3-day festive period starting today. Bairam comes at the end of the Moslem fast of Ramadan, a month long period of self-denial between sunrise and sunset.

Information was not given to suggest that the recipients of the pills would be given any instruction in their use, as to how long the pills would have to be taken before becoming effective, or whether supplies would be allotted in packets to cover a particular period. No "next-day" tablets are now available. Most birth-control pill medications are recommended to be taken for up to 2 months before being intimately involved without other forms of protection.

1965 - On February 06,
"Flaming Dart", a plan of reprisal air strikes, is approved by President Johnson following Vietcong attacks earlier in the day on a US Army barracks at Pleiku and a nearby helicopter base. American aircraft strike North Vietnamese military installations just beyond the 17th parallel DMZ. On February 10, after Vietcong attacks on an American enlisted men's quarters at Qui Hhon, Johnson orders another heavier series of air strikes. A few advisers have maintained from the beginning that he air strikes are unlikely to diminish North Vietnamese resolve. The rest are more interested in action and vengeance. Thousands of Vietnamese have died; now less than a dozen Americans have been killed.

1965 - On February 07,
Egypt was preparing to receive a large consignment of Soviet arms while Jordon had received several dozen USA tanks. Israel's Army Chief of Staff, General Izhak Rabin said in Tel Aviv, "These arms programs are part of an overall Arab policy with no other purpose than aggressive military preparations aimed at Israel". In Cairo, President Nasser declared that Egypt will sever relations with West Germany if that country doesn't stop giving arms to Israel. The Middle East would become one of the most densely armed geographical regions due to the competition of arms merchants represented by many of the major industrialized nations.

1965 - On February 10,
Rome's worst blizzard since 1796 bogged the city down in snow, slush, broken trees, tangled power lines and traffic jams. A day-long storm blanketed the city and a large part of Italy with 10 inches of snow.

1965 - During February,
Pope Paul VI increases the number of cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church from the previous standard of 70 to 101.

1965 - On February 11,
West Germany halted arms shipments to Israel in an attempt to stop the Arab world granting diplomatic recognition to East Germany. The arms agreement was said to have been made in a secret meeting in New York in 1960, but until now Bonn had refused to confirm that such an agreement existed.

Political showmanship resulted in action in a situation where the parties to an agreement had knowingly subverted the contract in order to make more sales and deliveries (for money and jobs) in hypocracy to their avowed morality. Seems to be a human characteristic.

1965 - By mid February,
"Rolling Thunder", a policy of gradually intensified air attacks against North Vietnam, is initiated, with little discussion, by the U.S. administration. Control gradually diminished as the use of napalm was authorized for greater destructiveness, and pilots were given authority to strike "alternative targets" without prior authorization if the original targets proved inaccessible. In April, American and South Vietnamese pilots would fly 3,600 sorties against North Vietnamese targets. Anticipating Vietcong attacks against U.S. Air bases, General Westmoreland requests extra ground troops to protect the base at Danang. The administration, ignoring the relevance of the decision, agreed almost routinely. On March 8, two battalions of American Marines splashed ashore.

1965 - On February 15,
A five-power conference to revise the United Nation's Charter, including China, as requested by President Charles De Gaulle of France, was brushed aside today; yet Moscow praised De Gaulle for favouring a return to the gold standard and called for an end to the supremacy of the USA dollar in international trade.

1965 - In February,
The U.S.A. begins bombing North Vietnam.
At the time, no known North Vietnamese troops were in the South.
The reason given for the bombing was that the U.S.A. forces were rescuing the South Vietnamese from "aggression"; since the government of South Vietnam had been installed by the U.S.A. and the people it was protecting was the South Vietnamese, then the North Vietnamese must be the "source of the aggression".

1965 - On February 16,
USSR Premier Kosygin demanded, in a message sent to a preparatory meeting of the Indochinese People's conference in Phon Penh, capital of Cambodia, that the USA withdraw its forces from South Vietnam. "The Soviet Union resolutely demands the withdrawal of USA troops and military equipment from South Vietnam, the cessation of armed provocations against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia and the rejection of any military interference in the internal affairs of Indochina ... (or) the USA would be responsible for the dire consequences."

At the same time, China charged that a USA warship intruded into its territorial waters northeast of Pingtan Island this week, and issued the 362nd "serious warning against this military provocation."

1965 - On February 21,
In New York, Malcolm X was assassinated as he rose to address 500 people.
The Afro-Asian Unity which he had founded, he left recently after returning from a trip to Mecca. A week before, his house in Queens, New York was bombed when 4 Molotov cocktails were thrown through his living room window. During a recent 18 week European and Middle Eastern tour he was barred from France and was accused of fanning racialism in Britain. He had declared recently that he believed in the oneness of mankind, the Creator - to whom colour does not matter, and, that a person should be judged by outward acts.

1965 - On March 02,
John Reeves, a retired longshoreman, at his home on the outskirts of Brooksville, Florida, late at night, while taking a walk behind his house came upon a landed object. From his left came a "robotlike" being that was walking towards the craft. It stopped, turned, and raised something to its face, almost like a tourist raising a camera. There was a flash, like a lightbulb going off. The being returned to the object, the 4-legged landing gear retracted, and the UFO took off with a roar and a whistling sound. As he was without his glasses, Reeves' descriptions could not be too specific. The object was 20 to 30 feet in diameter and 8 to 10 feet thick. The being wore a stiff, silvery suit and seemed to have an inverted glass bowl on his head.

After the object left, Reeves found 2 sheets of paper on the ground near where the being had first appeared. They had strange marks on them like hieroglyphics. Reeves described them as a combination of Chinese characters and shorthand symbols. Reeves made a photocopy of them.

Shortly afterwards, USAF officers arrived, interviewed him, took the papers and left.
Initially, a sheriff's deputy arrived and cutting a corner off one of the pages, he touched a match to it. It burned like flash paper -- a quick, bright flame with almost no smoke and very little residue. Several weeks later, the USAF returned what they said they had taken, claiming that the papers bore a message saying that it was from Mars and was a request for a traveller to return home. The returned paper did not burn like the original had, the marks on it were not the same, and a deputy agreed with Reeves that it was not the same papers.

Several months later, a second landing took place in the same area as the first.
This time footprints were found. Also found were some small metallic objects and a short piece of wire. The metal turned out to be pure titanium, extremely rare in a pure state because of its high melting point. The sensation-seeking press so dramatized and changed the events that many thrill seekers mobbed the site; in an effort to "clear" the site for serious investigators and possible future contact the APRO said the case was a hoax. Why did the USAF switch the evidence ?

1965 - During the year,
Limitation of population growth began to be taken seriously.
Since the late 18th century, when Walter Malthus had warned that population could grow faster than resources, eventually putting human existence in question, little acknowledgement had been given to the concept. Now, scientists and ecological experts, in increasing numbers, warned of the dangers of irresponsible population growth. Rejected as irrelevant during the 1950s, former presidents Eisenhower and Truman now agreed to serve as co-chairmen for Planned Parenthood/World Population. President Johnson sent a message to the U.S.A. Congress warning of the disastrous consequences of the world population explosion; it responded the next year by granting money to the Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) and to the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to support birth control programs both locally and internationally.

1965 - On March 03,
A single management for the Common Market, the "European Atomic Energy Commission" and the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Pool has been promised by early 1966 in a unanimous decision of the 6 Common Market Members. The decision, after a year of discussion, was hailed by members as "decisive step towards European integration." The future single executive commission will be located in Brussels; the European Parliament will sit in Strasbourg, and Luxembourg will be the seat of the European High Court, the European Investment Bank, and various financial, statistical and juristical services.

1965 - On March 04,
New underground nuclear tests were conducted by both the USA and the USSR.
The American test, in Nevada, was described as a low intermediate range test equivalent to less than 200,000 tons of TNT. The force of the Soviet test was expected to be smaller.

1965 - During the year,
Peter Goldmark Sr., director of CBS Laboratories, develops Electronic Video Recording, which turns an ordinary TV set into a movie screen when a film cartridge recorder/player is attached.

A native of Hungary, he had joined the CBS Labs in 1936, developed the world's first practical colour TV in 1940 after seeing the color movie Gone With the Wind. He changed the history of recordings in 1948 when he developed the 12-inch 33 RPM long-playing record, ending the need for heavy, 78-rpm discs. Before dying in December, 1977, in a car crash, he would state:

"It is not hardware, gadgetry or beautiful labor-saving devices that will give man the peace of mind he craves. Our bathrooms are more luxurious than those of ancient Rome. We jet around the world faster than Caesar would march from Pompeii to Rome. But have our basic instincts and thinking processes improved? If we could have push-buttoned our way to happiness, we would already have reached nirvana.

Scientists have developed ways to communicate with astronauts circling the moon.
What we need now is a better way to communicate, person-to-person here on earth."

1965 - On March 05,
The state of Kurdistan, in northeastern Iraq, was set up by 2 million rebellious Kurd tribesmen.
They expect attacks from the Iraqi government forces in the spring. Led by Mustafa el Barzani, they have been demanding autonomy and battling government troops for four years. Their new state has independent juridical, customs, fiscal and military organizations says Ismet Sherif Vanly, Barzani's representative in Paris.

During the 1930s, the Kurds were then bombed and gased by the British colonial government who tried to subjugate them. Within another 25 years, Iraq will attempt again to bring them totally under Iraqi control and obedience.

1965 - On March 05,
The USA announced that it will destroy its Strategic Air Command fleet of 1,100 B-47 nuclear bombers - a nuclear force more powerful than the combined French, British and Chinese forces - because they are too expensive to operate and maintain. Cheaper and militarily more effective new missiles will replace them. Combat will become more cybernetic (combining intellectualization and technology) and less determined by communication, negotiation and other interpersonal skills. In summary, fewer people will now be required to make the decision to begin and to initiate a nuclear war of global influence.

1965 - On March 07,
In Selma, Alabama, USA, freedom marchers were brutalized by state troopers and mounted deputies.
The 600 marching Negroes were charged by 2 dozen troopers, at the edge of Selma's business district as they knelt to pray. Witnesses told of posse-men using bullwhips and ropes to flail the Negroes while crowds of whites stood by and cheered. Others were beaten with clubs. At least 67 Negroes were injured, 17 are in hospital with broken legs and arms, head injuries and hysteria. In Washington, the Justice Department has asked the F.B.I. for a full and prompt investigation of reports that unnecessary force was used to dispense the marchers. It was later announced that FBI agents would arrest and charge up to 100 law officers who had used unnecessary force.

1965 - On March 09,
USSR cosmic space probe ZOND-2, once reported dying in space, is now said to be "quite alive" and headed for a spectacular pass within 900 miles of Mars on August 6.

1965 - On March 10,
American crime statistics for 1964 were reported by J.Edgar Hoover of the FBI.
Reported serious crime jumped by 13%, with suburbia showing an increase of 18%. Forcible rape and aggravated assault showed the sharpest rises. During the last 5 years, the crimes reported rate has risen 5 times as fast as the population.

1965 - On March 11,
USA federal control over illicit drug trafficking was increased when the House of Representatives passed a bill on a vote of 402 to 0 to limit the availability of LSD-25, an experimental drug, amphetamines (pep pills) and barbiturates (goof balls). During the previous 2-day debate, crimes, sex orgies, and other abnormal behaviours were cited and attributed to the use of these drugs, including instances at Harvard University.

No plans were made nor discussions offered as to why humans were turning to such coping options of denial and withdrawal and no awareness was demonstrated that the governing body might be more constructively concerned in the psychological health of a population which was becoming drug dependant.

1965 - On March 15,
The 1965 British gang war (mods vs rockers) opened in the seaside resort of Clacton, where last year, in one riot, 120 teenagers were arrested in 36 hours. As usual, telephones were ripped from booths, windows smashed, benches tossed into the sea - but patrol cars and motorcycle policemen were better prepared and ushered the troublemakers out of town.

1965 - On March 20,
President Lyndon B. Johnson of the USA, federalized the Alabama National Guard and ordered them to protect demonstrators on the march from Selma to Montgomery. Governor George Wallace had told the President that he was unable to call up the Guard to protect the marchers, although he was willing, because the state could not afford the $360,000 cost. Johnson was facing increasing concern over the impact that international media coverage would inflict on the American image when viewed in Communist and allied countries. More pictures of unarmed passive civilians being beaten by government police officers would hardly convey a picture of freedom, unity and prosperity.

1965 - On March 24,
A Marathon Teach-In and Anti-War Protest lasting 34 hours was held at the Berkeley, California campus. Organized by the Vietnam Day Committee, in which the National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and the YSA played a role, 30,000 people attended.

1965 - On March 24,
The independent republic of El Pato, a region of southern Columbia controlled by "bandits" for the past 13 years, was destroyed. Columbian warplanes and helicopters airlifted several battalions of infantry and national police into the region, seized strategic sites, and "cleared out" the bandits. They had set up their own government, created a militia-like force, and established a tax system.

1965 - On March 24,
R.R. Sen, director general of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, warned that if population growth is not stabilized, the world will face massive famine and starvation. It was the first official UN comment linking the population problem and the fight against world hunger. Mr. Sen said that if solutions were not found to both problems "we will face disaster of an unprecedented magnitude." He stressed that family planning must be accepted and food production must be substantially improved with more equitable distribution under international cooperation.

1965 - On March 26,
New York City Correction Commissioner Anna K. Kross stated a request to use 2 aircraft carriers - the 27,000 ton Franklin and the 40,000 ton Champlain , both due to be scrapped - to be used as floating prisons, noting that
"We're badly in need of jail space."

1965 - On March 28,
An earthquake in central Chile struck during the noon hour striking the village of El Cobre with the greatest loss. Felt over a large part of southern South America, a 230 foot reservoir dam was shattered 75 miles north of Santiago resulting in a deluge of 2 million tons of water and mud down the valley and over the copper mining village of El Cobre. Numbers of homeless reached 27,000 and over 250 persons died.

The GRAYs see such devastation as typical of human cultures and a confirmation of their superiority and right to occupy the Earth. From their viewpoint, only humans would have been so military power obsessive as to build a dam in a known earthquake region to produce power for a mining operation operated by workers who were kept at a subsistence level and produced a material largely of use to the "wasteful" (their term of reference) forms of electrical energy production and the military production of powerful nations. The GRAYs accept that the patterns of intelligence (habits) which they have developed on other planets and moons are the only CORRECT way to engineer a culture. Incidents of this nature provide the GRAYs with the confidence that with little assistance, humans will eventually annihilate themselves leaving use of the Earth to them.

The REDs grieve when they see such devastation for they know that had humans chosen to develop their spiritual powers culturally, the need for the reservoir and the copper and the incidence of poverty, lack of consideration for the environment, and irresponsible population growth - would not have occurred and peace, harmony and happiness would have been the result. The REDs continue to mentor individual receptive humans in the hope that humanity will respect and acknowledge the information which these humans reveal and choose to adopt a more spiritual, and less destructive, lifestyle.

The BLONDs view incident of this nature as a confirmation that their rational abilities, had they been used to "manage" this situation, would never have allowed such a circumstance to occur. First, by educating, negotiating and enforcing peace - vast requirements for this type of electrical power and quantities of copper would not exist. Secondly, they would have managed population growth in accord with the resources of the "culture" to provide a full participation, contented, healthy population. Third, they would have considered environmental factors in any such construction. The BLONDs anticipate a future period when human organization will be so fragmented that humans will invite and accept the leadership and direction of the BLONDs.

Although many humans have a trait of blaming their "God" for the disasters which befall them, it is they who bring, by group influence, ALL catastrophes on themselves. Even natural disaster influences on humans could be avoided by the use of "spiritual" intelligence by which individuals receive guidance from the "God-Intelligence" of the world.

1965 - During the year,
Richard Hofstadter's "The Paranoid Style in American Politics" is published.
In it, he demonstrates with examples how groups which tend to show overt concern about, and to develop theories of conspiracies, have always been a part of American history since the arrival of the Europeans. A number of received threats appear to be recurrent: Jews, internationalists and globalists, senior government officials, and, gun control. In a large country there will be differences of community cultures, that is, minority interests and concerns, contained within the whole. It is always the challenge for leaders of nations to maintain a unified national spirit while acknowledging legitimate regional or minority concerns. Human history has usually demonstrated weaknesses in the accomplishment of this balance. Frequently, the monarchal or the federal government involved has been impatient and intolerant of minority interests and has sought to suppress them by force, political manipulation, information-based contrivance, or, simple denial. Sometimes, these abuses of authority are not forgotten; sometimes they remain hidden for a long time.

Hofstadter finds that such passive-aggressive groups model their reactions after the passive-aggressive authoritarian style of the national government. So, the abused minority becomes abusive to those who represent the abusive administration. Because the rebellious minorities pursue socially negative means of expression, positive ones having not been modelled by the national government or having been ignored by it - the national administration, in turn, becomes increasingly paranoid about these apparent threats to the "nation, a culture, a way of life." Without either distractions or resolution of some of the abuses, an increasingly wider expression of paranoia may develop. Within the American context, the local militias began the War of Independence against what they felt to be an abusive monarchy. The KKK wore vestments in their attacks against Jews, Roman Catholics and Black Americans, thus mirroring the image of authority presented by the officials and some of the participants of the target groups. In a similar manner, the John Birch Society, formed into small groups called "cells" in their paranoic fear and hatred of Communist political movement supporters who traditionally had formed into cells.

1965 - On March 31,
A USA "pilotless high-altitude reconnaissance military plane", a drone, was reported shot down by the Chinese Army, on what was expected to have been a spy mission over South China. The New China News Agency said that this was the second such incident in 3 months.

1965 - On March 31,
Brilliant Balls of Fire are observed and reported in newspapers throughout British Columbia and parts of the northwestern USA.

1965 - On April 01,
A huge earthbound fireball roared over Chase, British Columbia, a lumbertown in the interior of B.C., 350 miles east of Vancouver. The object shook houses in that community as it lighted up the sky in a thunderous path stretching from the northern Peace River country to the south-central Kootenay mountains. Two fires flared up seconds after it flashed by. Constable Homenuk said fireballs are larger than meteorites and give off a great glare as they vaporize, leaving behind a plainly visible trail.

1965 - On April 03,
Soviet-built MiG Interceptor Fighters are first reported over Vietnam.
American Navy planes were attacking a highway and railway bridge 65 miles south of Hanoi, in North Vietnam at the time. Some older MiG-15s and MiG-17s are believed to have been given to North Vietnam to assist its defense. The Americans left the area before any confrontation took place. Any casualties resulting were among the North Vietnamese citizens and forces on the ground.

1965 - On April 05,
The USA satellite "Snapshot", powered by a nuclear reactor and launched Saturday, will undergo a critical test today. A ground signal will order it to turn on a tiny ion engine changing the satellite's thrust to an almost invisible electronic beam instead of hot gas power. If successful, it will mean a new and more powerful form of propulsion for space vehicles.

1965 - On April 08,
USSR astronomer Alexander Kalinyak reported the discovery that the 3 moons of Jupiter - Io, Europa, and Ganymede - have atmospheres.

1965 - In the April 16th edition of
"Time" magazine, an article on "The New Pornography" noted the following for the reader:

"With everyone so afraid of appearing square, the avant-garde is obviously trying to determine just how far things can be pushed before anyone will actually admit to being shocked. ... sex is an obsession with the Americans. ... The Greek term "pornographos", meaning literally "the writing of the harlots," has always been relative and subjective. ... In 1957, ... the Supreme Court ... defined obscenity as material "utterly without redeeming social importance," and set up as a test "whether to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest. ... (Henry) Miller considers such (concerns) trivial in the light of the (hydrogen) Bomb.

'We are now passing through a period of what might be called "cosmic insensitivity"', a period when God seems more than ever absent from the world and man is doomed to come face to face with the fate he has created for himself. At such a moment, the question of whether man be guilty of using obscene language in printed books seems to me to be inconsequential.'

... the church today ... must help create an attitude of self-censorship and responsibility, otherwise, we're dead ducks. ... An open mind towards the new, the shocking, even the intolerable in art is an intellectual duty. If only because so many great and shocking artists from Swift to Joyce were so vehemently condemned at first. ... In their defense, it is often said that the new immoralists merely seek to show the world as they see it, in all its horror and lovelessness; but that is simply the old error of confusing art with the event, a propagation of the notion that a novel trying to convey dullness must be dull. Sheer nightmare does not redeem a book any more than sheer pollyannaism. ... Apart from making sex hideous and inhuman, the new pornographers also make it hopelessly dull. ... Much of the current writing on sex approaches this quality of mechanical repetition and unreality. ... Powerful words should be reserved for powerful occasions.

... Many authors today treat sex the way Marxist's treat economics: they see it as the root of everything, and daydream about sexual triumph the way revolutionary writers daydream about power. ... sex is a personal boast, a mystique and an ideology - and in all three capacities, solemn and unconvincing. ... The purpose of sex in serious literature is to help convey the feeling and meaning of life as it is. The literature neither denies the existence of the wildest abberations nor the use of the most clinical or bawdy language - but does not celebrate the norms.

1965 - On April 21,
An additional 40,000 American troops were decided as necessary for deployment to South Vietnam at a conference in Honolulu. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and U.S. Ambassador Taylor determined that these troops would be restricted to an enclave strategy proposed by Taylor. Deployed in enclaves around U.S. bases, their backs to the sea, they would be authorized to undertake operations within 50 miles of their base area. This was hoped to deny the Vietcong an effective attack against the air bases thus permitting continued bombing of North Vietnam.

President Johnson, now beginning to see the complexity of the problem (American pride, American ideals, American involvement, South Vietnamese independence, Vietnamese common support for the Vietminh and the Vietcong, Chinese and Soviet backing for the Vietnamese, difficult battle terrain, unstable South Vietnamese political leadership, Buddhist opposition to American involvement and many South Vietnamese politicians and the war, rising casualties, ...) would not risk debate in the Congress or a formal declaration of war - which could bring the Soviet Union or China formally into the war. Johnson was well known in the Congress from his long tenure there and the confidence which the Congressmen held in him to adequately inform them and to do the right thing continually resulted in their undebated approval of his executive initiatives. Meanwhile he was deceiving them in hopes that power and force would win a victory and salvage American pride while maintaining "the Great Society". During April, 12,000 demonstrators protesting the war gathered in Washington. Open debate might destroy the "Great Society" of Johnson and its global influence.

1965 - On April 22,
Pope Paul VI said that a good Christian can be a good soldier & urged the faithful not to shirk military duty on the grounds of conscientious objection. His pronouncement was seen as a rebuke of Catholic priests who favour conscientious objection.

It is this style of authoritarian religious leadership which has contributed to human misery and intolerance for 1200 years. Spiritually, the question should never be one of going to war because a military, political or religious leader tells one. Spiritually, the decision is one which can only come to the individual who asks for guidance from the God of the Universe. Human wars are seldom more dignified than murder, rape and other forms of aggression committed under the excuse of a human authority who seeks to establish power, take revenge or build pride. The question of defense is often confused by the reality of who has been intolerant, vengeful, envious, or, simply a poor communicator - in the interaction with other groups of humans.

1965 - On April 23,
The USSR launched "Molniya 1" (Lightning 1) as their first reported communications satellite.
The broadcast of television programs between Vladivostok and Moscow, an overland distance of 5,700 miles, was carried out. The purpose of the satellite, which will follow an elliptical orbit ranging from 310 miles to 24,610 miles, is to relay TV programs and long-distance 2-way multi-channel telephone, radiophoto and telegraphic communications. Lightning 1 is orbiting the Earth every 11 hours and 48 minutes.

1965 - On April 24,
E.A. Bryant encountered 3 individuals from a landed spacecraft near Scoriton, England.
One of them allegedly identified himself : "My name is Yamski." (George Adamski, a UFO investigator, reporter and writer died on April 23.)

1965 - On April 24,
The USA National Academy of Sciences, issued a statement that Mars may harbour living things capable of subsisting without oxygen or water and using ultraviolet radiation, deadly to most earthly organisms - as a harmless source of energy.

1965 - On April 26,
Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai was reported to have told a senior Indonesian official, Sastroamidjojo, that China now considers it no longer necessary to insist on enrolment in the UN, since Indonesia has left the organization. "Instead, we are now considering the creation of a new world body which is progressive and revolutionary in nature," Chou was reported as saying.

1965 - On April 29,
The highest and fastest flight yet by a human-designed aircraft was reported as having taken place over the USA Edwards AFB in California when a SB70A bomber reached a speed of 1,630 mph at 62,000 feet on its 11th flight.

1965 - On April 30,
The number of poor in the USA, according to new standards set by the "USA Office of Economic Opportunity", is 34,600,000 - 80% of them are white. Under the old system, a poor family earned less than $3,000 a year and an individual $1,500. Now a family of 4 with an annual income below $3,130 and an individual grossing less than $1,540 is rated as poor.

1965 - On April 30,
The number of people who had died in Soviet concentration camps was stated as 10,000,000 by Professor Mihajlo Mihajlov, 31, to a court in Zadar, where he was accused of insulting Russia. He defended his statements on the basis of historical fact.

1965 - By May,
Dr. Bernard Grad, a research biochemist at Allan Memorial Institute of Psychiatry of McGill University in Montreal had performed some tests which demonstrated that the hands of some humans radiated healing energies. Working with a retired Hungarian Army colonel, Oskar Estebany, as a subject with demonstrated healing powers in his hands, Grad found that the sprouting of grains and the total amount of green plant issuing therefrom could be significantly increased when compared to controls, by watering them with a solution sealed in bottles and exposed only to the healing energy of Estebany's hands. Testing further, Grad found that the most important influence on a saline solution with which plants were watered was the mood of the person who held the solution beforehand.

The person who felt positive emotions about the possible good influence they might have on the plants resulted in healthier plants. A psychotic person was found to imbue the solution with energies which resulted in the slowest plant growth. The unemotional and uninformed person who held the solution produced an interim amount of growth between that of the person with the depressed mood and that of the person with the pleased mood. These findings were extended to offer an explanation for cultural prohibitions against menstruating women being involved in activities such as the canning of foods, the survival of cut flowers, etc. Presumably the accompanying mood of depression negatively influenced the life energies involved in the activity.

It should be of particular importance that if as a culture, humans see themselves as greatly superior to the plants which they grow for their survival and express moods of pride, impatience, anger, and disdain toward the plants, the crop may be less healthy than the one grown by the farmer who expresses sincere concern for his plant "children" who he acknowledges are equally a part of God's creation and worthy of respect. This attitude may one day mean the difference between the success and failure of a space colony in which the attitudes of the humans in charge of growing the food supply determine the difference between eventual starvation or community distress and adequacy and contentment. The history of humanity overall demonstrates an inability for humans to adopt, instill and practice this spiritual awareness for their survival on Earth.

1965 - During May - June,
Close-Range Sightings take place along the New South Wales/Queensland coast of Australia.

1965 - On May 03,
The Palestine Liberation Army got its first troops.
The PLA was formed last year after an Arab summit conference decided to train Palestinians to regain their homeland. A regiment of Syrian-trained commandos make up the new force.

1965 - On May 04,
$400,000 additional military support for South Vietnam is requested from the USA Congress by President L.B. Johnson; it is approved quickly and without dissent as support for troops already in the field. Hanoi had released proposals for a settlement several times, as recently as April 8, but American officials had got stuck in bureaucracy: it was easier to remain at war than to change direction, even for peace. With no further progress, the Vietcong began a new offensive in May.

In South Vietnam, a civilian government had been formed headed by Phan Huy Quat in February, but now a crisis arose around a cabinet shuffle and Air Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky and General Ngiyen Van Thieu dissolved the civil government and assumed power. With the uncertainties, General Westmoreland, the Joint Chiefs, and Walt Rostow of the State Department urged an intensification of the air war. A drastic expansion of the ground forces by 179,000 additional USA troops was also advocated by Westmoreland and the Joint Chiefs. Only George Ball and Washington attorney Clark Clifford vigorously opposed the commitment. Ball stated, "Once committed, there would be no turning back. Our involvement will be so great that we cannot - without national humiliation - stop short of achieving our complete objectives. In early July, Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, following a trip to Saigon concluded that with the increased Vietcong activity and the amount of territory held by them - the only alternative to withdrawal was a further commitment of 100,000 American combat forces.

1965 - On May 05,
Murray Rankin, President of the "Canadian Mental Health Association", expressed concern over the 2 million plus Canadian deemed to be damaged, disabled or impaired by mental and emotional disease and disorders. He said there had been a tragic increase of mental illness in the mid-teen group. A Boston psychiatrist who has studied children admitted to hospital with bruises and a lack of interest in life, told the American Psychiatric Association convention attendees that doctors "are reluctant to consider the diagnosis of parental abuse because it is personally abhorrent; it threatens to burden them with the role of the accuser ..." He said many parents who ill-treat their children seem normal in most ways, except in relation to their children. They expect them to have adult powers, he said.

Whenever humans are deprived of a happy (positive experience), hopeful (positive attitude), playful (positive education) childhood, their emotional development is suspended in favour of intellectual development. Subconsciously, the individual reacts against this "loss" by forever holding the world around him or her as negative and threatening. Linked with the unsophisticated and immediate "now" time emotions of anger, desire, sorrow and happiness - an underlying negative expectation promotes the development of behaviours which are obsessive in activities, interests, or ideas; depressed, socially withdrawn or compulsively interacting; likely to replicate their behaviour in those (adults and children) around them through imprinting, modeling and coercion.

Adults and children exposed to war or other catastrophic experiences and children without the guidance of responsible adults, or, encouraged to act as adults from an early age - are prime candidates. To a child, a "Cold War" potentially carries with it more terror than a "fighting" war. In the former, the participant must continually expect violent death and great destruction. The longer such actions do not take place, the more the child either withdraws emotional attachment to living - resulting in chronic depression, or, the more the child builds the irresponsible behaviour - built on a destroyed sense of reverence and spirituality - of live-for-today, do-whatever-you-feel-like responses to living.

In most militarily powerful nations now, the human participants have developed a tradition of several generations of family patterning in this negative abusive relationship direction. Child and adult sexual and physical abuse, both within the family and within institutions, became prevalent from the beginning of WWII. It would receive little social and political widespread acknowledgement until the late 1980s!

1965 - In May,
Mrs. C. Ehgvetz, a reader of one of Canada's major newspapers, wrote the following letter to it:

"Following a flash radio report that "perhaps hundreds had been killed and thousands left homeless and injured" by a cyclone in East Pakistan, May 12, there were no further details in the evening papers that day.

As we know someone in the Dacca area we were concerned and phoned the press.
We were informed that since no Canadians were involved it was not considered newsworthy. By Saturday, May 15, it became newsworthy enough to warrant a two-column headline, "20 Million Homeless, more expected and 5,000 killed" in 7 lines of type.

True there may have been no Canadians involved but what about Pakistan families here who want details of their homeland in distress? What about business houses doing business there? And our missions and schools there?

What about people concerned enough to want to send aid?
Can we ignore human suffering as immense as this disaster?"

This was a perspective on editorial and ownership selectivity of the news for the North American society. This one indication typified news awareness amongst the majority of humanity about each other in EVERY country. Political, entrepreneurial and sociological leadership in large-group human society has consistently taken a subculture-centred view of the world in which most of what happens on the planet is of no concern unless it directly benefit or threatens the subgroup on a daily basis. This is largely true of newspaper coverage of events throughout history.

A major earthquake which hit Japan in mid-1994 received comparable coverage to the above referenced event. War in which millions of troops were killed over a period of several years (Iran-Iraq) would receive a single 2-page story every 9 months, while the death of 6 nationals would be headline news for days. This is another example of the lack of spiritual emphasis which humanity place on their existence. Material self-interest and subculture egocentralism appear consistent with human culture.

1965 - On May 11,
A cyclone went through East Pakistan killing up to 5,000 persons and leaving 5,000,000 homeless.
On May 20, East Pakistan's Governor Abdul Menom Khan said that 12,033 persons had died in the cyclone and tidal wave that struck the nation. Such storms are not uncommon in this area of dense population and environmental degradation in which no preventive preparatory measures are taken.

1965 - On May 12,
A Cyclone struck East Pakistan.
It left more than 20 million persons homeless and resulted in over 5,000 deaths.
Unnumbered thousands were injured. In North American mass media there was hardly a mention of the occurrence. Cultural ethnocentrism remains high in spite of the potential it carries for greater awareness and understanding of others and their cultures. Very little news originating outside of North America is printed in North American newspapers and magazines, UNLESS there is a political motivation. Therefore, singular deaths of Americans in foreign countries and of small numbers of troops in Vietnam receive major coverage while 20 million requiring humanitarian assistance rather than armaments go unnoticed. Human have choices. Their leaders are responsible for informing them and for the choices made on their behalf.

1965 - On May 12,
Fred Smith, warden of the Collins Bay Penitentiary, said that by 1973, construction of new penal institutions in Canada for the prison population of 10,500 will be more than $120,000,000. That represents $11,429 per inmate: enough to provide counselling, retraining and housing for each inmate for 2 years. Instead, authorities would continue to imprison many offenders only to find a return-to-prison rate of over 65% within 2 years of release.

1965 - On May 14,
A plot by a secret Nazi organization in Sweden, the "Carl Ernfrid Calsbergs Foundation", has led to the arrest of the leader, Bjoern Lundahl, and six others. Lundahl is an aide to the Klu Klux Klan in the USA - registered as a Grand Dragon, carrying card no. 1-03-58. Together with these seven, police are questioning 100 others about plans to kill the Jews in Sweden with war gases, which documents revealed, were to be obtained from Egypt.

1965 - On May 14,
China exploded another nuclear bomb, this time over western mainland China.
A broadcast from Peking said: "This nuclear test is another achievement scored by the Chinese people in strengthening their national defense and safeguarding the security of their motherland and world peace." It was also used as a sign of victory for the political system.

1965 - On May 17,
Collie Leroy Wilkins, 21-year-old Klu Klux Klansman accused of killing Detroit civil rights worker Mrs. Viola Liuzzo, smoked cigars and signed autographs during weekend Klan fund rallies in North Carolina. Crowds in 3 towns cheered Wilkins, whose murder trial recently ended in a deadlocked jury. Chief Klan lawyer Matt Murphy Jr. said no white jury in Alabama would ever convict the trio.

1965 - On May 19,
American jet planes would fly over Hanoi, drop leaflets, and then bomb an ammunition depot, railway bridges and rolling stock, and a radar station south of Hanoi. On May 20, 40 US Navy planes from the carrier Coral Sea would again attack North Vietnam, bombing a radio station and strategic installations. These attacks followed a 6 day break in the air war against North Vietnam.

1965 - On May 24,
The USA openly increased its combat role in South Vietnam by using USA jet fighters against guerilla targets at a time when France, the Soviet Union and the UN are calling for a reconvening of the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina. President Johnson argued that "no meaningful proposals for negotiations" had been made and was apparently displeased at the UN's Mr. U. Thant declaring that Southeast Asian negotiations would eventually "enable the United States to withdraw gracefully from that part of the world." The USA is now reacting to historical events as Japan did before the end of World War II: there is no honour except in winning!

1965 - On May 26,
Jose Gorositza, Mexico's Nuclear Energy Commission director, announced that the country had the necessary elements to manufacture an atom bomb. He added that Mexico would never permit the manufacture or transportation of nuclear weapons in the country nor the installation of nuclear launching bases.

1965 - On May 27,
The Soviet Communist Party newspaper Pravda reported:
"It would be incorrect to hold that only a world war can bring about the unity of the Socialist camp and the world Communist movement." The statement was a criticism of China's opposition to efforts aimed at reaching a peaceful settlement in Vietnam, in opposition to the USSR. The newspaper editors believe that China is promoting a World War III confrontation to resolve the Vietnam conflicts.

Meanwhile, four destroyers of the USA 7th fleet shelled Communist Viet Cong coastal targets for the first time in South Vietnam. In reality, the destroyers had carried out fixed firing missions in the coastal areas of Binh Dinh, Dinh Thuan and Phu Yen provinces, Central South Vietnam from May 20 to May 27. 900 Australian troops left their country yesterday to join USA forces and New Zealand has pledged to send 120 troops.

1965 - On June 13,
For more than 10 days, South Africa's Cape Province would receive heavy snowfalls in the mountainous districts, effectively isolating the farmers in the remote regions. Army helicopters would begin dropping food and supplies to families after 10 days.

It is, unfortunately, indicative of larger human cultures that a segregation and specialization of activities by the participants makes each dependent upon the others. In such circumstances the state exercises ultimate authority over the individual, for freedom and equality, as interpreted by the state. To the earliest and longest sustaining human organizations, hunting and gathering bands, a situation in which the band unit (family and neighbours) could not cope with every challenge by themselves, was one equal to death. Each band provides all of the skills and supplies required for survival.

1965 - From June 15th on
A heat wave of high temperatures would be experienced through much of Italy for over 2 weeks.
Tens of thousands of people flocked to the beeches where numbers of drownings swelled. Dozens of others experienced nervous breakdowns. In the Alps, the heat melted ice and brought to the surface the skeleton of a man, believed to be a World War 1 soldier buried in the Adamello Glacier for nearly 50 years. The situation was complicated on June 30 by the start of a 3-day strike by garbage collectors which posed a serious health threat.

1965 - On June 18,
The worst drought in the history of Australia was reported to have spread over 1/3rd of the nation including areas of Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Sheep and cattle would be lost together with a part of the wheat crop.

Also on June 18, Tornado-created floods spread through Colorado, USA, after torrential rains of up to 6 inches rainfall, made evacuation of towns in the southwest - La Junta, Lamar, and Holly - a lifesaving measure. Ironically, the same area had been experiencing a prolonged drought. Governor John Love asked President Johnson to declare the state a disaster area. The flood originated in Kansas state, along the Arkansas River and would force more than 18,000 people from their homes. The flood would be the greatest in western Kansas history.

1965 - On June 19,
A "Flotilla" of UFOs were seen by scientists from Argentina, Britain, and Chile from their Antarctic bases.

1965 - On June 21,
Carlos P. Romulo, former President of the UN General Assembly and now president of the University of the Philippines, told the 12th congress of "World Federalists" in San Francisco that the UN probably won't last another 10 years unless it is strengthened to "keep the human race from committing suicide." Further he said, "The United Nations charter must be revised in this generation or there may never be a next generation."

1965 - On July 01,
Just after 5.45 a.m., Maurice Masse, while working in his lavender fields on the Valensole plateau in the Basses Alpes of SE France, heard a shrill whistling noise. He looked around to see a dull-coloured object the size of a Renault Dauphine car, shaped like a rugby football, with a cupola on top. It was standing on 6 metallic legs, and there was also a central support, which appeared to be stuck in the ground. Close to the machine, Masse saw what he assumed to be 2 boys, bending over a lavender plant. Believing them to be vandals, he crossed the vineyard only to find that the beings were not boys but 2 small humanoids with large bald heads.

He was about 15 feet from them when one of them turned and pointed a pencil-shaped instrument at him. Immediately, he was frozen in his stance. The beings were less than 4 feet tall, and were wearing close-fitting grey-green overalls. They had huge pumpkin-shaped white-skinned bald heads. Their cheeks were wide and fleshy, narrowing to very pointed chins; the eyes were large and slanting. The mouths were like thin slits and opened to form lipless holes. The beings appeared to communicate with each other, but not with their mouths, for inarticulate sounds seemed to come from their mid-body regions. Their glances were not hostile and Masse did not feel afraid of them. Several minutes later, they returned to the craft, seeming to bounce in their walk as an astronaut would on the Moon. They seemed to slide along bands of light to enter the object through a sliding door. They watched him from within the craft.

There was a thump and the central support retracted, the legs began to spin, and the object floated away at a 45 degree angle, making a shrill whistling sound. At 65 feet, it just disappeared, although traces of the direction of its flight were found on the lavender plants for more than 100 yards. Initially, these plants withered, then recovered and grew taller and finer than the others nearby. Masse remained frozen in movement for about 15 minutes, then began to regain his abilities. His "paralysis" may have been the result of a post-hypnotic type of suggestion for a true full-body paralysis would have stopped his heart.

Masse ran down to the nearby Valensole Cafe des sports, where he mentioned the incident to a friend, the owner. The owner confirmed the marks in the field as did Masse's daughter. Marks of only 4 of the feet of the craft were present and what had been a patch of wet mud where the central support had been turned to concrete-like hardness by morning. Two years later, a 10 foot diameter space populated only with weeds, despite ploughing and replanting, remained where the craft had landed. At first, Masse had not wanted to mention the incident to the police or gain any publicity, fearing uncertainty and ridicule. He soon did receive considerable publicity and, in the end, he sowed the field to wheat so as to conceal the site. Masse also did not reveal until later that during the week preceding the contact, he and his father had noticed that young lavender plants were damaged as though someone was taking cuttings from them.

1965 - During July,
UFO Activity in the Antarctic is viewed by a number of observers.
On July 3, scientists and naval personnel from Argentina and Great Britain sight a UFO off Deception Island.

1965 - On July 02,
Police in Port Said, Egypt acted on the charges of ship captains who complained that their crews were bringing pornographic pictures aboard their ships. Nearly half a million pornographic books and a large number of obscene pictures were seized from a shop near the docks.

1965 - In the July 22 issue of
"Time" magazine, Psychiatrist Herbert Spiegel, an assistant professor in Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Dr. James H. Ryan, a Columbia instructor, presented their findings on the capacity to hypnotize people through the medium of television. Theoretically, the researchers expected the answer to be "no" because the capacity to go into trance was believed to lie with the subject.

Using a closed-circuit system, Spiegel sat in front of a TV camera in Columbia's Psychiatric Institute. A 20-yr.-old girl, whom he had hypnotized several times before watched a receiver 4 floors above. After some chitchat, Spiegel told the girl, "I'm going to count one, two, three, and your eyes will close and you'll go into a relaxed state," and she promptly did. Spiegel told her that her forearm would become paralysed and numb, and that this condition would persist, even after she "came to", until he touched her elbow. When he ended the trance, the girl remained rooted before the receiver, her left arm numb and inert. After the usual wait for the hospital elevator, Spiegel walked into the laboratory and touched her elbow. Only then did she regain sensation in the arm and the power to move it independently.

The next subject was a stranger to Dr. Spiegel, a 30-yr.-old man, who went through the same TV routine. This time, the subject was told that he would not be able to unclasp his hands until the psychiatrist touched his head. Sure enough, he kept his hands gripped together after the trance and released them only on the prearranged signal.

Spiegel and Ryan suggest that TV hypnosis might be useful "in mass education, group treatment and research." It might be valuable, they add hopefully, for pilots in long space flights, to help them cope with feelings of isolation and loneliness - a radio message from Earth, for example, could activate a previously implanted suggestion of encouragement and companionship. But they also warn that unscrupulous operators might "confuse, exploit and deceive hypnotizable subjects." This experiment, they concluded, "emphasizes the compelling need to maintain responsible, stringent safeguards and controls over the personnel having access to public broadcasting systems."

Much discussion and some research would be done to highlight the possibility of a "brainwashed" and manipulative society and the upward societal trends developing in community violence and community alienation. Nothing would be dramatically done and no true understanding of the situation would successfully weather the criticism and lobbying of advertisers, opportunists, and politicians.

1965 - On July 07,
The USA "Gemini 7", 2-week space flight, planned for later this year, was reported by Houston NASA authorities, as scheduled to test the "death-ray" laser beam for use as a communications link. If successful, the astronaut's voice will be transmitted along the pencil-wide beam of light to a tracking station in New Mexico.

1965 - During July 10 and 11,
Flying saucers made world-wide headlines after being sighted in Portugal, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay, matching descriptions of similar objects seen in the Antarctic last week by Argentine and Chilean military officers. The Azores weather bureau reported that interference from one of the objects stopped its electromagnetic clocks.

1965 - On July 14,
Typhoon "Freda", the worst storm of the region this year, left damage in the South China Sea and Philippines.

1965 - During the Summer,
FBI Observers continued to AVOID their Responsibilities.
Civil rights demonstrators in Jackson, Mississippi, had taken refuge on the property of the federal building to avoid violence from the local police. Federal marshals threw these individuals from the federal building steps, against their legal authority to protect the demonstrators, into the possession of the local police. These, along with others were savagely beaten and thrown into stockades. Beside being clubed on the head and bruised bodily, some had truncheons jammed up their anus or into their vagina - resulting in permanent physical damage. Some males were struck so forcefully in the testes as to sustain permanent damage and the risk of death from shock. None of the injured would ever be compensated for the actions of the authorities charged with protecting them.

1965 - On July 14,
In the evening, the USA "Mariner 4" began using its miniature television camera to start taking the first of 17 close-up pictures of Mars from as near as 6,770 miles away. Launched on November 28, 1964 by an Atlas Agena D rocket from Cape Canaveral, it travelled 228 days and 523 million km. and passed by Mars on this day at 9844 km. 21 complete images were sent back to cover less than 1% of the Martian surface. The images showed a heavily cratered arid surface.

Mariner 1, intended to explore Venusian atmosphere, cloud cover, magnetic field and radiation environment, was launched on July 22, 1962, and had to be destroyed immediately after launch when the rocket went off course.

Mariner 2, launched August 27, 1962, as a follow-up to Mariner 1, passed by Venus at 38,830 km after 109 days of travel. Surface temperatures of Venus were recorded far higher than expected, at 428 degrees Celsius. No strong magnetic field or radiation belt were detected and an unbroken cloud layer appeared to cover the planet. Possibilities of instrument error were not considered. Mariner 5 would record temperatures much lower, at 267 degrees, in 1967. At that time, a small magnetic field would be reported and the existence of an ionosphere beginning at 500 km.

Mariner 3, launched November 5, 1964, by an Atlas Agena D rocket, from Cape Canaveral, was intended to record 21 TV pictures as it passed Mars at 13,840 km. It was reported that the solar panels failed to deploy and the battery power depleted after less than 9 hours. No pictures were ever reported received to the public.

1965 - On July 18,
"Zond 3", a USSR spacecraft similar to the Soyuz, was launched from Tyuratam, weighing 1145 kg.
It transmitted 25 lunar far side images from 9960 km to 11,570 km out - after developing and digitally scanning them. Transmission was repeated still later as the craft travelled on into space. A Mars flyby had been desired, but the launch was delayed by that of Zond 2.

1965 - By July 19,
The worst flooding since 1956, had stranded and displaced many people in the German states of North-Rhine Westphalia, Lower Saxony and Hesse, following sudden thunderstorms.

1965 - On July 20,
Floods were covering districts of New South Wales, Australia, which were drought areas a week ago.

1965 - On July 21,
Floods in South Korea had resulted in 221,933 people being reported homeless while the death toll had risen to 207 and 89 were reported missing.

1965 - On July 26,
Fidel Castro, Premier of Cuba, charged that the USA in continuing to infiltrate agents, arms and explosives into Cuba in an attempt to mount counter-revolution against his government. Since coming to power on July 26, 1953, Castro says his forces have killed or captured 2,005 "bandits" in the hunting down of guerilla bands in the Escambray region.

1965 - In late July,
American commitment to the Vietnam war was increased by President Johnson.
B-52 saturation bombing in South Vietnam was approved plus increased bombing of North Vietnam. Johnson personally approved the targets in advance of most of the air strikes. He approved immediate deployment of an additional 50,000 troops with a promise to commit 50,000 more before the end of the year. For the first time, Johnson also authorized General Westmoreland to "commit U.S.troops to combat independent of or in conjunction with GVN forces in any situation ... when ... their use is necessary to strengthen the relative position of GVN forces." Against the advice of McNamara, Johnson continued to mislead Congress and the public as to the significance of the steps he was taking on their behalf.

Johnson and Rusk had been at the center of the political debate that had followed the fall of Chiang Kai-shek and the rise of Mao Tse-tung at in 1949, and, traumatized by the event, Johnson was now certain that the loss of Vietnam to the Communists would yield "a mean and destructive debate that would shatter my Presidency, kill my administration, and damage our democracy." International consequences were feared even more. With such FEARS, there was only one choice: stay committed. Johnson's objective became to inflict pain on the Vietnamese opposition until it "sobers up and unloads his pistol." None of the American officials could understand that such a backward (materially and technologically) country could resist for long the power of the USA. Strategy was always improvised and short-term rather than well-planned and longer-term: no-one believed the war would last much longer.

Yet air sorties against North Vietnam would increase from 25,000 in 1965 to 79,000 in 1966 and 108,000 in 1967; the tonnage of bombs dropped increased from 63,000 to 136,000 to 226,000. B-52s carried cargoes of 58,000 pounds of bombs each. As many as 1,250 civilians were killed per week during periods of heavy bombing. The material cost of a B-52 mission ran to $30,000 for the bombs. During 1965 and 1966, the cost of the air war to the Americans amounted to more than $1.7 billion; aircraft losses exceeded 500. In all previous wars there had been limited success in the use of airpower. Well noted before, was the point that bombs did not discriminate between civilians and troops when dropped on populated areas. Every civilian killed or seriously wounded yielded a score of relatives committed to fighting against you. Frequently, air strikes created a larger enemy force than they destroyed, although there would be material losses. Bombing was accepted as a cheap strategy: it cost fewer American lives; it seemed to offer a quick and comparatively easy solution to a complex problem.

The ground war deteriorated to one of "search and destroy" of the enemy - who looked the same as the ally. Broad discretion was provided to General Westmoreland by the Johnson administration as to how he carried out his strategies. Increasing numbers of innocent civilians were being killed by "friendly" forces. High technology and fear combined with insufficient expertise to use the technology resulted in losses from "friendly fire".

1965 - By July 27,
The worst floods to occur in Chile in a dozen years add misery, isolation and heavy damage to wide areas of central and southern Chile. Streams swollen by 4 days of continuous heavy rain and the runoff from land saturated by almost a month of rain and snow roared beyond their banks in a 1,000-mile-long area. Bridges, roads and railways were washed away. Landslides and fallen trees blocked some highways and railway routes and cut power and electric service. The agricultural area south of Santiago was hardest hit.

1965 - On July 28,
President Nasser of Egypt, in addressing professors at Alexandria University, in a celebration of the 13th anniversary of the Egyptian revolution, spoke of the need to increase the defense budget each year "because Israel will not hesitate to repeat the 1956 (Suez campaign) if it finds encouragement from imperialism." He defended Egypt's missile construction program by saying that "Some people say rockets without atomic heads are not significant. This is ignorance. The building of rockets means that there is a base here of great industrial possibilities. It means a great industrial transformation here." The army budget is now $600,000,000, that is, three times as large as Syria's national budget.

1965 - On July 30,
The 17-nation Geneva Disarmament Conference warned that China will probably explode its third nuclear device soon. The threat of rapid Chinese atomic progress was cited in support of Western demands that the conference begin urgent negotiations aimed at halting the spread of nuclear weapons. The USA, Britain and Italy have all called for the conference to give top priority to the issue.

Lord Chalfont, Britain's chief negotiator, warned that the current disarmament session is "the last chance" for agreement. He said if a treaty is not reached in a few months, it will choke off all paths to other disarmament measures.

1965 - Beginning on the evening of August 1,
A wave of sightings of UFOs occurs over the next 5 months.

1965 - On August 02,
A paperboy in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., photographed an object seen by many others.
The Condon Committee confirmed that it was a large object and that the dark stripes seen between the bright patches were neither sky nor space, but some kind of structure. The object changed slowly from black, white and gold to a uniform blue-green. The USAF concluded that it was either a genuine UFO - or a tri-coloured Christmas tree light.

1965 - On August 03,
Rex Heflin, a California, U.S.A. highway inspector, takes a series of polaroid photos of a UFO from his car while parked near the Santa Ana Freeway. The pictures are quite clear and are confirmed as authentic (and continue to do so). They show an object shaped like a straw hat floating above the ground.

His report is investigated by the USAF and later by the Condon Committee.
Heflin said he had turned over 3 or 4 of the originals to a man who said he represented NORAD (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). NORAD later denied sending any investigator. Heflin over the years underwent much criticism from those who simply wanted to maintain the status quo or those who took it as a challenge to disprove with rationalizations any concept which found conflict with cultural authorities. See October 11, 1967.

1965 - On August 03,
Eduard (Billy) Meier, lost the lower part of his left arm.
He was riding in an old bus, near the coastal city of Iskenderun, Turkey, when it collided with another bus. Thrown from a window, his arm was severed just above the elbow in the accident. He was left for dead by the side of the road and lay unconscious for several hours before a doctor happened by, checked him for signs of life, and had him taken to a local hospital. He spent 2 weeks there, and when he felt well enough to travel again he continued on to Greece. There he settled into a hotel in Thessaloniki, selling shirts "with German, with my hand, my eyes, my mouth, with my feet, with a pencil and paper." At a party on Christmas Day, he would meet a 17-year-old Greek girl named Kaliope Zafireou, who would travel with him and become his wife.

Asket, his spacewoman guide had told him

"You are selected as a truth offerer like numerous others at very early times before you. You have to become greater in knowledge than every other human being of your time. Because of this, you have come under the controlling guardianship of a certain form of life which had to protect, lead, guide, and educate you. This embodies a law of Creation which cannot be acted against, even by will, for truth offerers are not called for their mission at a certain age; they are destined from the time of procreation. Such a life will be difficult, for the creature concerned has extraordinary things to perceive."

1965 - Beginning this year,
Villages were "secured" in South Vietnam as part of the U.S.A. support of "pacification".
The intent was to root out "Viet Cong infrastructures" and determine which villages were loyal. By August of 1967, official U.S.A. data stated that the number of hamlets under total Saigon government control was 168, in contrast to 3978 totally controlled by the Viet Cong. The rest of the hamlets were listed as contested. As the hamlet program was initiated by the U.S.A., this clearly indicated that the process had been counterproductive. One way of "winning the hearts and minds of the people" taken by U.S.A. forces was to send out American forces with bulldozers and bombers to raze the villages to the ground; subsequently, the inhabitants were transported to so-called "camps for refugees fleeing from Communism" in and around larger towns and cities where they could be "protected".

The total failure of the American military-academic alliance in their "psywar approach to the war in southeast Asia is demonstrated by the evidence that many of these actions of abuse of rights, torture and destruction resulted in the attainment of the opposite goals sought. The strategies were devised by university students located in America who had no knowledge of the country nor the culture of its people and had little practical experience in working with adults in the world outside of the protection of the academic lifestyle. They were paid to conjecture how they would feel most protected if they lived in a foreign country in which their lives were constantly under threat by hard to identify enemies.

The dramatic difference in reality came from the facts that the South Vietnamese knew and were comfortable with their countryside: it was their home! The majority were either non political at the beginning of the war or were inclined to be supportive of a guerilla force which sought to protect them from a race that did not look like them, treated them with force and derision, destroyed their livelihood, possessions, crops and forests, bombed their land and killed their relatives.

1965 - On August 11,
Waves up to 50 feet in height, in the worst storm in 40 years, have battered 1,500 miles of Chilean coast. Destruction has been brought to many ports and townships. Blizzards, rainstorms and avalanches would destroy over 40% of the farms and isolate hundreds of towns.

1965 - In August,
A UPI newspaper account of routine Vietnamese civilian casualties the following was reported:

"I got me a VC, man. I got at least two of them bastards."
The exultant cry followed a 10 second burst of automatic weapon fire yesterday, and the dull crump of a grenade exploding underground. The Marines ordered a Vietnamese corporal to go down into the grenade-blasted hole to pull out the victims. The victims were three children between 11 and 14 - two boys and a girl. Their bodies were riddled with bullets ... "Oh, my God," a young Marine exclaimed. "They're all kids ..." Shortly before the Marines moved in, a helicopter had flown over the area warning the villagers to stay in their homes.

This style of incident was repeated often with the numbers often higher and usually involving children, old men, and women.

1965 - During August,
R.M. (initials), a 23-year government employee, while visiting the USAF Museum in Fairborn, Ohio, went through a doubledoor marked "Off Limits" and suddenly came face to face with a being having blue skin and a self-contained spacesuit. It was 4.5 feet tall, walked stiff-legged, had a translucent dome over its' large head, was not human, had large eyes under a heavy brow, no noticeable nose, a slit for a mouth. When the being walked it did not appear capable of bending its legs. R.M. later found out from a retired USAF colonel from Wright-Patterson AFB, that 2 live Aliens were held in captivity in an artificial environment. The Colonel also said that the 2-man sized craft that had crashed near Whitewater Lake, Indiana (unknown date) was a result of an electrical disturbance in the atmosphere.

1965 - By August 24,
Killer Bees were reported released in Brazil.
African bees, imported into Brazil to improve the native bee stock had been crossbred at a research farm and were still under experimentation when a worker released the queens without authorization. At first, farmers complained of their chickens being killed but little action was taken until cattle and people began to be attacked. Now, the mayor of Campos has urgently requested advice on "bee warfare".

1965 - On August 25,
A report from Irene B. Tauber and Leo A. Orleans, two American scientists, described China's population problem as "unmatched anywhere on Earth." It concluded that because the current population of 750,000,000 is likely to reach 1,000,000,000 by 1980, China may have to reassess some of its economic policies in order to avoid a major catastrophe.

1965 - By September,
Alick McInnes, of Scotland, had become known for his "Exultation of Flowers", introduced to the public in 1956. They were being used to treat illnesses and emotional difficulties in humans, diseased animals and insects. McInnes had found a way by which he could transfer the vital energy from highly vitalized plants to water without destroying or harming the plant. McInnes spent 30 years in India working for the British Raj. He became interested in plants after visiting the Bose Institue near Calcutta. In South India, he spent a couple of weeks as the guest of Ramana Mohan Maharishi at the foot of the holy hill Arunachalam. McInnes was astonished to see that during the Maharishi's daily walk in the evening cattle, dogs, children, wild animals, birds and even snakes would congregate behind him peacefully and quietly following along - only to disperse back to their habitats quietly at the end of the walk.

As McInnes interprets the phenomenon of human and plant radiations, each individual member of either kingdom modifies or qualifies with his own wavelength the fundamental energy radiated through him. The same applies, says McInnes, down to the finest particle of matter: "Everything radiates wavelengths which can be identified as sound, color, form, movement, perfume, temperature and intelligence."

McInnes says the radiations from some flowers are circular, others go from left to right, others from right to left. Some go up and down; others down and up; some go diagonally from left to right; others in the opposite direction. Some feel cold; others warm. But the same flower species always gives off the same radiation. McInnes found it possible to transfer flower radiations to water, where the radiations will stay more or less indefinitely. Each flower species has a time when its radiations can best be transferred to water, usually, though not always, when the flowers are at the peak of their maturity, which is also usually near a full moon. Far from damaging the plant, McInnes says that just at the moment when its potency is transferred to water, other members of the same species for miles around brighten up and appear to grow more vigorously than before. The resulting potentized water McInnes calls an Exultation of Flowers, which he says is not a specific treatment of any diagnosable disease, but operates in a subtle way on the radiations coming through the human body, on animal or the soil, and in so doing raises the vitality of the person, animal, or soil concerned. When vitality is raised to the necessary level, illness disappears. There are parallels with the Bach Flower Essences developed in 1932.

McInnes prescribes his "Exultation" to be taken by mouth, so many drops at a time for varying conditions, as a salve for cuts and burns and other problems of the skin, and as a tonic diluted in one's bath. Of the forty-odd varieties not all can be mixed. Some seem to cancel each other out; others disturb the mixture; others upset the temper of the radiations already in preparation. Chemists who ridicule his Exultations as nothing more than water, he points out that magnetized steel and ordinary steel show the same chemical ingredients but are obviously quite different from each other. McInnes believes that all forms of life are created to live in harmony, but mankind has so misused this dominion over created things that there is now disharmony everywhere, which is expressed in physical disease in human, animal, and plant life, the life forces coming from the Source of the Creation becoming more and more distorted. "If we deliberately cause suffering and disease in other lives, we increase our own suffering and disease." All creation suffers when plants in their millions are burnt by chemical weed killers, when animals are inflicted with diseases in laboratories, when work is demanded of half-dead, diseased and suffering animals.

If McInnes is correct, then any intelligent advanced plant lifeforms in the universe would feel the pain of the millions of acres of plants sprayed with defoliants in southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. So also would all of such a species mourn at the decreasing vitality which humanity emanates from the Earth as its degree of endemic chronic illness rises and its degree of political unrest and global catastrophe increases in balance with its decreasing degree of true spirituality. How painful it might be for such an intelligence, perhaps spiritually progressed far enough to feel the distress and know that it would be wrong to interfere in the choices which humanity takes for itself. RUST-likes are humanoid with plant-like digestion. From our perspective, they are spiritually perfect. They absorb energy as their mode of "digestion". They time travel and traverse space both in semi-physical and spiritual form. They seldom show themselves to humans and on such occasions they express concern for the future of humanity and a wish for humanity's spiritual upliftment. Are we too proud to listen?

1965 - In the September - October issue of
"Flying Saucer Review", Jerome Clarke speculates in his "The Meaning of Contact" that the UFO beings might put a false cover over their activities so as to keep officialdom or anyone else from coming close to the truth. He suggests that contact claims become a tool with a two-fold purpose: to discourage legitimate inquiry into the saucer field by making it look ridiculous, and to instill false ideas into the minds of those who go to investigate the subject.

1965 - By September 11,
Kenya was experiencing its worst drought in 22 years.
More than 13,000 families faced death by starvation and schools were closed because children were too weak to attend classes.

1965 - On September 14, at 1.00 a.m.,
An engineer, Paul Green, was riding his motorcycle southwards along the B1025 road, which runs between Colchester and West Mersea in Essex. As he was approaching Langenhoe Hall he heard a high-pitched humming noise to his left. Looking up, he saw a small point of blue light about 5 miles away over Brightlingsea. Watching it, it moved rapidly towards him, growing brighter and flashing. As it drew closer, the humming became louder and it became larger. His motorcycle engine began to miss, then quit, and his headlamp went out.

The flashing blue light was just over a mile away then.
Within the extreme brightness was a huge object that resembled the upper half of a large spinning top, with a dome on the upper part. The fierce blue flashes came from within the dome. The object began to descend, and at one point tilted its underneath towards him. The outer rim of the underpart carried round objects spaced equidistantly so that an impression of a "luminous ball-race" was given. Getting off the bike, Mr. Green took a few steps towards the object and then stopped, feeling paralysed. The flashing blue light seemed to flash in rhythm with his heart beat and was so bright that it was painful. It seemed to hit against his chest and he tingled in sensation all over like the electric shock one receives from an electrified cattle fence.

At last the humming died down and the object descended towards the farmhouses at wick.
Paul's head began to throb, and felt as though there was a band tightening around it. With a great effort he made himself move. At first, unable to restart the bike, he pushed it down the road and bump started it, riding home quickly. The next day his hair and clothes were so charged with static electricity that they crackled continuously. Dr. Bernard Finch, an investigator with the Flying Saucer Review interviewed him several weeks later and concluded that

'he described symptoms which can only be ascribed to the effects of a very powerful magnetic field on the human body ... if this field were strong enough, it could produce a kind of light yet unknown to our science.'

1965 - On September 15,
Professor Klaus Fuchs, now deputy director of the "Central Nuclear Research Institute" at Rossendorf, East Germany, stated that enough military-grade plutonium to make 6 A-bombs a year will be produced at the West German research centre at Karlsruhe by 1968.

Fuchs had helped build the first exploded nuclear weapon for the USA, had been imprisoned in Britain for selling secrets from that research to the USSR, and was returned to East Germany after his release in 1959.

1965 - On September 20,
Geoffrey Maskey, while driving at 10.30 p.m., down Walton Avenue, Felixstowe, Suffolk, England (20 miles from the Langenhoe sighting 6 days before), when one of the two friends with him, Michael Johnson, opened the door, got out, and disappeared into the night. After waiting for him for a few minutes, Maskey and his other passenger, Mavis Fordyce, heard a high-pitched humming noise. An orange-coloured, oval-shaped object, 6 feet in length and about 100 feet above the lane was seen: the glow lit up everything nearby. The object then disappeared behind trees with the humming very much present. Geoff called out for Michael and reversed the car along the lane in search of him. Michael suddenly stumbled through the hedge, clutching his neck and eyes and staggering away from the car. He collapsed unconscious in the road and his friends got him into the car and took him to Felixstowe Hospital.

At the hospital, Michael regained consciousness. He did not recognize his friends.
He was diagnosed as in severe shock with burn marks on the back of his neck and a bump below his right ear. He was transferred to Ipswitch Hospital and released the next afternoon. He spoke of being pulled from the car by a force and of seeing "a man in the flames pointing at him". The doctors did not take the incident with any seriousness and the media suggested that the trio had mistaken the local Propane Gas Plant flare-stack for a UFO.

1965 - In late September,
Two French submarines, the "Junon" and the "Daphne", escorted by the logistic support vessel Rhone, were in layover in Fort-de-France, Martinique, one evening when a large UFO was seen. The helmsman on the deck of the Junon observed the arrival of the object and went up to the conning tower, where he grabbed 6 pairs of binoculars which he distributed to his companions. There were 300 witnesses, including 4 officers on the Junon, 3 officers on the Daphne, a dozen French sailors, and personnel of the weather observatory.

All witnesses aboard the Junon, whose bow was pointing east, saw the object as a huge ball of light or a disc on edge arriving from the west at 9.15 P.M. It was the colour of a fluorescent tube, about the same luminosity as the full moon. It moved slowly, horizontally, at a distance estimated at 10 kilometres south of the ships, from west to east. It left a whitish trace similar to the glow of a television screen.

When it was directly south of the ships, the object dropped towards the Earth, made three complete loops in series at descending altitudes, then hovered in the midst of a faint "halo".

Michel Figuet, the first timonier of the French fleet in the Mediterranean at the time, saw the last part of the trajectory through binoculars. He was able to see two red spots under the disk. Shortly thereafter, the object vanished in the centre of the glow "like a bulb turned off." The trail and the halo remained visible in the sky for a full minute.

At 9.45 P.M. the halo reappeared at the same place, and the object seemed to emerge as if switched on. It rose, made two more loops and flew away to the west, where it disappeared at 9.50. It was confirmed the next day that the incident could not have involved any of the following: an aircraft, rocket, meteor, balloon, disintegrating satellite, plasma phenomenon such as ball lightning. If the object was 10 kilometres away, then it represented a disk 90 metres in diameter.

1965 - During the year,
James Flynn of Fort Myers, Florida, was almost knocked down by a blast of wind when he approached within a few yards of a UFO, which shot a light like that of a welder's torch. He was unconscious for a full day and woke up almost totally blind, with a dark spot on his forehead. His later symptoms included loss of hearing and numbness.

1965 - On September 28,
Major General E.B. Lebailly, Secretary of the Air Force Office of Information, wrote a memo to the Military Director of the Air Force's Scientific Advisory Board, requesting "that a working panel composed of both physical and social scientists be organized to review Project Blue Book ... and to advise the Air Force as to any improvements that should be made in the program to carry out the Air Force's assigned responsibility." His request followed on the proposal of J Allen Hynek that a panel of civilian scientists carefully review the UFO situation to establish whether a major problem really existed or not.

As a result, the "Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book" was formed, headed by physicist Brian O'Brien. On the panel were psychologist Launor F. Carter, psychologist Jesse Orlansky, electrical engineer Richard Porter, astronomer and space scientist Carl Sagan, and electrical engineer Willis H. Ware. All but Sagan were members of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. Sagan was young in his career, which blossomed greatly from this time on. The committee met for one day, February 3, 1966.

1965 - During October,
The first "Counter Terror (CT)" program sponsored by the CIA in Vietnam was started by William Colby, CIA Chief, Far East Division. Known as "Provincial Reconnaissance Units" (PRUs), it was a unilateral American program, never recognized by the South Vietnamese government. CIA representatives recruited, organized, supplied and directly paid such teams which consisted of Vietnamese. Their function was to use Viet Cong techniques of terror - assassination, abuses, kidnapping and intimidation - against the Viet Cong leadership. Provincial interrogation centres were constructed with CIA funds in each of South Vietnam's 48 provinces and were little more than torture cells.

As time continued, the units were infiltrated by Viet Cong who in turn used their position to eliminate non-Viet Cong. 10,000 or more piastres (dollars) were paid on the presentation of a head or an ID card or an ear to identify the enemy. This encouraged the mercenary element to kill a lot of people for little apparent reason including people to whom their families owed money or with whom they had personal differences. Provincial interrogation centres became overcrowded as citizens could be detained without justification and those who did so were rewarded according to body count or capture.

Working in a foreign country with a different culture, in a threatening environment, with people who looked and spoke differently, who were poor and whose social and legal system had been disrupted for 20 years left the Americans trying to convey a system of ideals which they had abused themselves with their first involvement. It was hypocracy; it was mercenary idealism: shoot them and then say you did it for their benefit, or, try to patch their wounds and leave them in misery. It caused much grief amongst the Reds who saw humanity becoming less spiritual in almost every way with material gain, profit and power replacing love, compassion, tolerance, self-directedness, humility and reverence as ways of living.

The GRAYS were disgusted by humanity's continued expression of a lack of reverence for life and order, whether it be human or of other forms. It confirmed their earlier decision to remain outside the sphere of human activity on the obvious presence level and to continue monitoring humans until they destroyed their power and political base, perhaps even each other, and then the Grays would have the Earth to themselves, with their allies. The Blonds interfered as often as they could to frustrate operations and save lives, but little could be done without self-exposure.

1965 - On November 09,
The Great Northeast Blackout, plunges 1/6th of the continent's population, 30 million people in eastern Ontario and 8 American States into darkness. The power failure, presumably caused by a switch at the Sir Adam Beck No.2 Generating Station, Queenston, Ontario, and running up to 3 hours or longer in length, is accompanied by a myriad of UFO sightings both before and during the event. The tripped switch is later found to be OK. Some researchers suggest that the influence of UFO's travelling parallel to high tension wires could induce a power overload.

A round glowing object was seen near the Niagara Falls power plant near that time.
The U.S. military authorities were aware of UFO presence in the sky over New York City through to Pennsylvania at least 45 minutes before the power failure.

1964/65 also represents the start of Sunspot Cycle 20, a minimum sunspot occurrence period.
Geomagnetic impulses of a global character occur in association with rapid changes in sunspot numbers near the minimum. At these times in the 11-year cycle, the Earth's atmosphere tends to cool slightly and high altitude drag on satellites decreases. Solar maximums, which this is not, do strongly influence the Earth's magnetic field, satellite navigation systems and electrical power transmission lines. This would not be an influence in this incident. Perhaps a spaceculture wanted to experiment to determine how humans would respond in such an incident as a reflection of the strength of the North American culture, its dependency upon electricity, and as a warning to prepare for a future incident which would not be initiated by the spacepersons nor within the control of them.

1965 - During November - December,
A wave of UFO Sightings is reported over the USA.

1965 - On November 02,
Norman Morrison, an American citizen, protests the American involvement in the Vietnam war by Immolating (burning to death) himself on the steps of the USA Pentagon. The validity of his protest would not be acknowledged until 1995.

1965 - During November,
Aaron Kaback, while on guard duty at Fort Riley, USA, at 2 a.m., had a duty officer drive up to him and order him into the jeep. He and 3 other officers were driven out to a remote area where a large oval object was resting on the ground. An Army helicopter was hovering above the object and shining a bright light on it. The object was approximately 35-48 feet in diameter, had a fin on the end and an exhaust port or some kind of hole below the fin. It had rows of squares around the rim and remained completely quiet for the 2-1/2 hours they guarded it.

1965 - By late year,
The leadership of the C.I.A. had taken a decided turn towards bureaucratic anxiety over job security and an increasing commitment to the Agency as a separate form of reality. With an increasing amount of the work being highly secret and politically sensitive (invasive), employees recognized that job employment after government secret service did not offer many benefits. The American public was still not comfortable with nor knowledgeable about the secret activities conducted presumably on their behalf. Going to a prospective employer with a resume which could not specifically address the nature of your duties in your past employment would not be a plus. Good wages and an obsessive sense of self-righteousness within the CIA did not prepare one for later employment in positions which held no adventure and risk of political motivation.

Their position at the CIA provided them with a degree of authority whereby their opinions were considered valuable. In the open marketplace, worthiness of opinions could be based more on personal desirability, interaction with superiors, profitability of decisions, and practicality of suggestions. Within the agency, intellectual innovation, decisiveness of action, commitment to political success, and, individualism were often preferred and at odds with the commercial environment. Once in, the agent was beginning to feel committed for life. On that commitment, your allegiance was to the Agency first and to your country second. This "conversion" was nothing new to agents of the KGB in the USSR. They had assumed this position of "morality" from the early 1960s. Intelligence "worlds" were being created within both nations, completely separate from the cultural world they were created to serve.

1965 - On December 04,
The "Gemini 7" spacecraft with crew Borman-Lovell take pictures of an enormous UFO with propulsion systems, following the capsule. After the 14-day flight, the doctors examining the astronauts find that they have lost approximately 25% of their red blood cells during the flight.

Dr. David Turner would later suggest that the loss had arisen as a consequence of insufficient Vitamin E in the diet of the astronauts. Yet, the Aerospace Medical Association at a meeting in Miami, Florida on May 13, 1964 had already decided that every astronaut going into outer space should have a diet fortified with vitamin E. Fatigue had plagued all of the astronauts of this and previous American missions on their return. What would be so debilitating?

Cosmic rays had been discovered in 1958 in the upper atmosphere; their presence and strength would eventually be found to be 220 times greater in space than at sea-level on the Earth's surface. Their danger would reside in the fact that they could penetrate steel and earth further than the components of nuclear weapons radiations and that their ionizing properties could damage cell tissues. The astronauts had cosmic ray radiation poisoning. It was subtly different than alpha radiation; its influence was more direct, cleaner, deadlier. Vitamin E had not yet been added to the diet of these astronauts; a vitamin E deficiency does not arise normally in humans within a 14-day period; vitamin E is stored in human fat reserves. Dr. A.L. Tappel would state in his article in "Nutrition Today" (July-August, 1973) that "Many months of deprivation (of vitamin E) would have to pass in order to deplete the body stores." Obviously, something in space was accelerating the deoxidation of the cell membranes in the human body: cosmic rays.

A protection against cosmic radiation would have to be devised for future space missions.
A flight capsule made with 2 foot thick walls would be too heavy; a 2 inch interior coating of lead would also present many engineering difficulties. The best current protection would be either no more flights, shorter flights, or flying at lower altitudes where some of the cosmic radiation had been deflected away from the Earth or diffused by the Van Allen Belts and the ozone layer. Which would be done?

1965 - In December,
"Drill", a nuclear test shot at Yucca Flats, Utah, spread radiation off site; the fact was denied by the government.

1965 - During December,
The Second Vatican Council convoked by Pope John XXIII in 1962, ended.
Pope John had died in 1963; Pope Paul VI completed the term of the Council. He called for efforts to fight hunger, poverty and social injustice. The "Index of Forbidden Books" was abolished. Topics discussed included reform of the liturgy, the position of the laity within the Church, the relationship of the Church to the modern world.

"The Pastoral Constitution on the Church and the Modern World" recognized that there would always be war in this sin-filled world. That being true, the church still had the obligation to work against war and to see that, in the tragic event of war, the basic canons of the natural laws are not broken. The council insisted that governments make "humane provisions" for those who are conscientious objectors to war. It also insisted that armies were for the defense of a country and not for the acquisition of advantage or territory. Those who were in the armed forces should 'regard themselves as agents of security and freedom on behalf of their people. As long as they fulfill this role properly they are making a genuine contribution to the establishment of peace'.

Some of the articles enunciated by the Council included:

(80) Total War

Any act of war aimed indiscriminately at the destruction of entire cities or extensive areas along with their populations is a crime against God and man himself. It merits unequivocal and unhesitating condemnation.

The unique hazard of modern warfare consists in this: It provides those who possess modern scientific weapons with a kind of occasion for perpetuating such abominations. Moreover, through a certain inexorable chain of events, it can urge men to the most atrocious decisions.

(81) The Arms Race

... The arms race is an utterly treacherous trap for humanity, and one which injures the poor to an intolerable degree. It is much to be feared that if this race persists, it will eventually spawn all the lethal ruin whose path it is now making ready.

(82) Commitment to Peace

It is our duty, then, to strain every muscle as we work for the time when all war can be completely outlawed by international consent. This goal undoubtedly requires the establishment of some universal public authority acknowledged as such by all, and endowed with effective power to safeguard, for the sake of all, security, regard for justice, and respect for rights.

(83) Causes of War

Wars thrive on [causes of dissention], especially on injustice.
Many of these causes stem from excessive economic inequities and from excessive slowness in applying the needed remedies. Other causes spring form a quest for power and from a contempt for personal rights. If we lok for deeper explanations, we can find them in human jealousy, distrust, pride, and other egoistic passions.

1965 - On December 08,
Marcel Lefebvre, a French-born archbishop, on the last day of Vatican II, declares that he has legal grounds on which to oppose Vatican II and the decisions of the Council. Two Italian priests would later support his views. He states that he has received permission from the Vatican to start his own institute at Econe in Switzerland. The mass media dramatize the apparent split in the Church.

1965 - On December 09,
The apparent crash of a fiery object is reported to have been seen near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
It was determined to be travelling at a speed of 1,062 mph and as it made a 25 degree turn, it was not believed to be a meteorite.

1965 - On December 15,
U.S.A. astronauts Walter Schirra and Tom Stafford in "Gemini 6" approached to within a foot of Frank Borman and James Lovell in "Gemini 7" to perform the first space rendezvous during a 14 day, 5,000,000 mile orbiting journey around the earth. Gemini 7 was actually launched first when Gemini 6 was delayed twice. The remaining Gemini flights, all scheduled for 1966, are designed primarily to practice rendezvous maneuvers. The rendezvous came after they had travelled 100,000 miles at speeds of more than 17,300 miles an hour.

It took six hours of maneuvers to bring the two ships within a foot of each other.
The pilots had practised the maneuver at least 80 times on a simulator at a period of 90 minutes each time. Problems coped with included where to put the garbage ? (behind the seats); how to sleep so as not to be tired ? (simultaneously, so as to prevent being disturbed by communication between the awake astronaut and the Earth); how to maintain a regular day cycle ? (cover the windows with filters as needed and work on a Houston day cycle)

1965 - On December 30,
President Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda Marcos entered the Malacanang Palace as the new Philippine political leaders. Ferdinand had won the November general election by some 670,000 votes after an 18-month campaign in which almost $1 million dollars had been spent on propaganda. A half true biography had been written by a professional writer and published; an equally half true autobiographical movie had been produced and distributed; reporters had been paid great sums to print pictures and favourable stories about the Marcoses; a professional writer composing a biography for Ferdinand's political rival had been murdered; Ferdinand bought a private Cessna aircraft to travel around the islands and deceptively declared that he flew it himself (which he did not); Ferdinand capitalized through the mass media on his fake wartime medals and heroism; Ferdinand used a CIA-trained secret policeman to gather political intelligence; Imelda staged tea parties, fed campaign workers and constituents at least 60 breakfasts, 250 lunches, and 30 dinners "each day"; a worshipper of Hollywood, Imelda acted the star on the political stage - wearing the most eye-catching colours, singing, speaking, and mingling with poor and rich; both Marcoses freely used bribes to obtain convention votes for Ferdinand. At the beginning of the campaign, the CIA and the White House distrusted Marcos and believed that he would be a liability in their war with Vietnam. Reaching the election, Marcos had outdone them at their own game: he had bought the election through skilful and persistent manipulation of the mass media, and, skilful manipulation of individuals.

During his first month in office, Ferdinand used his new presidential powers to shut down, restrict or control his underworld adversaries. He sent paratroopers into the smuggler's island of Semirara; sent marines wading ashore at the village of Capipisa on Luzon's south coast. A private aviation company was shut down; over 170 other private companies would be seized. He reorganized the Constabulary (Police Force) to bring it under his control. Within a short period of time all military, intelligence, and police forces would be coordinated by him or members of his extended family. The prisons were included. The effect was such that the price of smuggled American cigarettes rose 30% in one month, and Ferdinand's share increased markedly. Imprisoned criminals willing to work with or pay bribes to Ferdinand were set free.

Personal associates or relatives were sent to the USA for special police or military training and then placed into positions of authority. Special monopolies were set up, tobacco production and manufacturing being one, with Ferdinand as the mastermind and the secret police running interference against the dissatisfied peasants. When Congressman Floro Crisologo, who had been made front man for the monopoly began threatening to expose the entire operation because Ferdinand was allowing more and more smuggled cigarettes into the Philippines, he was murdered while he knelt praying by two assassins who stepped out of confessional booths and shot him in the head. The killers were "silenced" by officers of the secret police while trying to collect the fee. After 10 months of squeeze, not one boss or financier of a smuggling syndicate had been imprisoned. Instead, they had come under the employ of a new boss.

Ferdinand continued the arrangements he had so often made with businessmen when he was a Congressman: for 10% of the stock of the company, they would receive favours. In the presidency now, importers routinely paid him a "donation" for every package of goods or carton of sardines that entered the country. By special arrangement with Ferdinand, transhipment of products, illegal for sale within the Philippines, found their way into Philippine marketplaces. Technical smuggling went on in the open as customs officials forged and falsified documents so that some companies paid much lower duties than others. This destroyed fair competition and limited the general economic prosperity which the government was trying to achieve. Past-due and tainted goods ended up in Philippine food markets and discount stores.

Manila port became infamous for pilferage and diversion of shipments.
Government appointees who were effective in reducing underworld commerce and limiting Marcos inspired government corruption were replaced by Ferdinand's lawyer or other associates who would often complain of the problem being too big to control and request that the government call a commission to investigate and assess the problem. This would typically give a two year "open season" for illegal activities to proceed while legislators fed their egos intellectualizing about what was obvious.

During the first year in office, Imelda would appear to the press and the people, to be a woman of compassion and caring. Yet it wasn't so. Imelda held a Christmas drive for the poor; all the cheques were made out to her - and were deposited into her account: none of the money was used to assist the poor. When foreign governments and companies sent aid for disaster victims they changed from cash to goods.

Imelda held up the distribution for two days so that the bags could be tagged: "A Gift from the First Lady." She used her desire to be an actress to perfect her skill at deception and manipulation. She entertained, negotiated, begged, challenged, wept, and flattered - in order to get donations for a lavish cultural centre, which in the end was only 3/4ths completed because the costs rose 300% through kickbacks to intermediaries.

1965 - By the end of the year,
An Entebbe Monkey Trader in central Uganda, on the northwestern shores of Lake Victoria, was becoming rich by exporting thousands of green monkeys to Europe for biological research and disposal. During the next year he would supply over 10,000 monkeys.

The trader negotiated with the villagers in the Sese Islands, in the northwestern part of Lake Victoria, to buy the local monkeys from them. With a rising population density and a trend away from rainforest living to agriculture, the local people were finding the monkeys to be of increasing annoyance as pests. Much of the time, the trader could obtain the supply he required for his European laboratory clients.

A necessary part of the trade was the maintenance of some degree of quality control.
Obviously damaged or diseased animals could contaminate a batch and individually or as a group, the lot could be refused by the European buyer. To remedy this, the trader hired animal inspectors whose job it became to separate out the unacceptable individuals. It was commonly believed on inspection, that such animals would be killed. Local customs did not permit such slaughter such that premeditated killing of a monkey was viewed as somewhat similar to the second-degree murder of a human: a highly shameful act likely to bring bad luck or spirits to the person or village in which the murderer lived.

So, just as it has been popular for humans to segregate other humans with communicable diseases into special environments, the trader removed the diseased or injured monkeys to one of the islands in or near to the Sese Islands: it came to be known as the "isle of plagues." The island soon became a wildlife laboratory for mutating monkey viruses.

As the trade in monkeys continued to increase, occasions would arise when the trader had more orders than supply. At such times, he would go out to the "isle of plagues", catch the required makeup number of monkeys and return to complete the shipment. As viruses often have a dormant or a gestation stage within a new host, an apparently well host may be an infected carrier - preparing to "bloom." Viruses, whether lethal to humans or only to other animals, frequently multiply and mutate in regions which have a congested population and in which the primary animal resident is forced by unusual and disadvantageous environment to adopt a new and less rewarding lifestyle. Green monkeys can't swim.

In papyrus reeds and flatlands on the western shore of Lake Victoria facing the Sese Islands is a fishing village: Kasensero. Over the next 3 decades, Kasensero would become one of the epicentres of the greatest modern human plague and of several of the most destructive viral mutations. A large portion of the inhabitants would die from these diseases and numerous villages along the shores of Lake Victoria would become ghost towns. The Kasensero villagers, while fishermen, would also become famous as smugglers - moving illegal goods across the lake and using the Sese Islands as secret storehouses. No biological warfare department could hope for a more dynamic "laboratory" for the development of the next "black plague."